Accident Avoidance Technologies

Transcription

1 Accident Avoidance Technologies Quentin Hall District Manager Meritor, Inc Dryden Drive Spring Hill, TN Cell:

2 Agenda Mechanical Items RSC (Roll Stability Control) ESC (Electronic Stability Control) RSS (Roll Stability Support for Trailers) Adaptive Cruise Control Collision Mitigation Stopped Object Detection Lane Departure Warning

3 Wheel Ends 3 types of wheel ends - Conventional» Follow the axle manufacturers set up procedure unless using a special locking nut, then follow the nut manufacturers set up procedure - Preset» Follow the hub manufacturers set up procedure - Unitized» Follow the hub manufacturers set up procedure Everyone adjusts wheel ends differently, the question is WHY? - TMC Repair Practice 618 (RP618) - All wheel end manufacturers and component suppliers for wheel ends also publish wheel bearing adjustment procedures

4 Wheel Ends

5 Wheel Ends Loose wheel bearing Tight wheel bearing

6 .042 of Clearance equals' About 1 Of Push Rod Travel

7 Brake Torque Calculations PSI x CHAMBER x SLACK x 2 DRUM RADIUS x FRICTION LEVEL = BRAKE FORCE 0.5 (CAM RADIUS) x TIRE ROLLING RADIUS 60 x 30 x 6 x 2 x 8.25 x.251 = 44,728.2 = x 19.2 (11R22L.5) CHAMBER % REDUCTION 5-1/2 SLACK % REDUCTION.350 FRICTION % INCREASE

8 Brakes 16.5X7 drum from legal to worn equals.120 or 1/8 diameter wear.120 wear = 6 lb. of metal removed from the drum (cast) Approximately 10 is added inside the wheel end for every (1) pound taken out of the drum 6 pounds lighter = 60 additional degrees inside the wheel end Example: 122 lb. drum (new) Webb - 06 lb. is removed during operation 116 lb. drum and 60 additional heat Is this just a piece of Metal?

9 Air System Coalescing Air Dryer Cartridge Bottom filter layer at cartridge outlet is dry and clean Coalescing Air Dryer Cartridge Contamination is greatly reduced on cartridge s air outlet to the brake system

10 Air System Air Tank Air 1920 cubic inches of air storage FMVSS121 states the OEM has to have 12 times the combined volume of all brakes chambers at maximum stroke stored in the air system. Specific components are determined by the OEM s. Example Air Tank Air Less than 1920 cubic inches of air storage Water Steer Axle: Two type 20 brake chambers = 480 cubic inches of air Tandem Drive Axles: Four type 30 brake chambers = 1440 cubic inches of air Combined total of all brake chambers at maximum stroke equal 1920 cubic inches of air The amount of air stored in the air tank is reduced if the water is not drained out of the air tanks. This is why the law states to drain your air tanks daily!

11 Air System Quick Release Valve Identification Plastic Valves I.D. Number is above Part Number on the tag / stamped in the body QR000 = 0 PSI QR030 = 3 PSI QR060 = 6 PSI QR100 = 10 PSI Die Cast Valves I.D. Number & Part Number is located on fat washer under one of the mounting bolts

12 Air System Service Relay Valve Identification Information is found on the tag RV000 = 0 psi (A.K.A. speed up valve) Found in control line between lead trailer & pulled trailer Generally located at rear of lead trailer RV020 = 2 psi RV030 = 3 psi RV040 = 4 psi RV050 = 5 psi RV075 = 7.5 psi RV090 = 9 psi RV110 = 11 psi RV120 = 12 psi RV140 = 14 psi

13 Meritor WABCO By the Numbers 50/50% Joint Venture between Meritor and WABCO Vehicle Control Systems Established in 1990 Focused on providing advanced brake control technology to the North American commercial vehicle industry Safety Strong First to Market in NA with ABS Over 6,700,000 systems in the field First to Market in NA with Stability Control Over 150,000 systems in the field First to Market in NA with OnGuard Collision Safety System with Active Braking Over 25,000 systems in the field Efficiency Smart Complete Air System Product Line 1.5 Million Air Dryers delivered 400K Air Compressors delivered First to Market with Integrated Fleet Performance Data System ECAD (Electronically Control Air Dryer) 13

14 Stability Enhancement

15 Stability Enhancement Rollover accidents are major issues with commercial vehicles - 6% of combination vehicle accidents - Casualties occur in over 50% of incidents - Cost per accident averages about $120,000 - Total cost to industry: $1.3 billion per year - Total cost to society: much higher Multi-faceted approach - ABS tractor-based system» Roll Stability Control (RSC) Modulated trailer control» Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Modulated trailer control - Trailer standalone system» Roll Stability Support (RSS) - EBS tractor-based system» Electronic Stability Control (ESC)

16 UMTRI* STUDY Funded by NHTSA, Meritor WABCO prime contractor 178,000 semi truck crashes annually 3,330 fatalities Approximately 6,900 rollovers 200 fatalities Study determined RSC could have eliminated 48% of rollover crashes Study determined ESC could have eliminated 25% of loss of control crashes Total economic benefit if stability control were on all trucks: - RSC $1.46 Billion - ESC $1.74 Billion Note: RSC is integral to ESC. ESC has added Yaw Control Mandate is Coming! * University of Michigan Transportation Research 2011 Institute 16

17 ABS With Roll Stability Control (RSC)

18 Roll Stability Control (RSC) RSC is integral to the ABS / ATC ECU Utilizes ATC components in order to actuate drive axle brakes, and control engine and retarder torque - ATC valve - ATC / RSC lamp - J1939 data link Additional valve is used to modulate trailer brakes

19 ABS / ECU With RSC Accelerometer Accelerometer Accelerometer Cab Frame

20 Functional Elements of RSC Measurement & processing of lateral acceleration Calculation of critical acceleration limit Rollover risk detection RSC intervention - Engine control - Retarder control - Brake control COG G F lat G F lat h cog R S

21 ABS With Electronic Stability Control (ESC)

22 ABS-E Version Additional Components Needed for ABS-Based RSC or Full ESC Accelerometer integrated in ABS ECU (or ESC Module) ATC valve for drive axle braking RSC valve for trailer braking RSC RSC valves Sol. valve for front axle braking pressure sensor for drivers brake demand Steering wheel Sensor ESC Module Full ESC PLUS

23 Roll Stability Support for Trailers (RSS)

24 Rollover Stability Support (RSS) For Trailers Roll Stability is implemented in the new trailer anti-lock brake system - A software solution requiring no additional hardware - Uses the same external components common with Meritor WABCO s current Trailer ABS System An integral lateral accelerometer and side to side wheel speed differences are used to determine the trailer s lateral acceleration Trailer load conditions are obtained from a pressure sensor connected to the suspension air bags

25 RSS Modulator

26 Rollover Stability Support (RSS) For Trailers Function Automatic consideration of load condition Continuously calculates lateral acceleration from wheel speed and lateral accelerometer information during driving If lateral acceleration exceeds critical value - Check brake applications - Low pressure, limited time If rollover tendency is detected during check braking - Full brake application starts - Max. pressure at outside wheels - But inner wheels stay with low pressure (we don t lock up the wheel in the air)

27 Pyramid of Safety Complete Brake System Integration 27

28 Collision Warning Adaptive Cruise w/ Active Braking Collision Mitigation 28

29 Why is This Technology Important? Of accidents caused by recognition delay, a significant percentage could be prevented if driver recognized situation one second earlier* *D.R. Ankrum, Smart Vehicles,SmartRoles, Traffic Safety 92 (3) (1992) FMCSA Crash Data (2009) - 75% Large Truck Fatal Crashes with Vehicle in Transport - 60% Large Truck Initial point of impact is Front of Vehicle - 66% Fatal crashes Large Truck rear ending passenger vehicle FMCSA Driver Distraction Study (2009) - 81%of Safety Critical Events had some type of driver distraction 90% of drivers fall in the 2.5 sec PRT range* 10% of drivers had reaction times of 1.5 sec or greater* *Drivers Brake Reaction Times. Human Factors, Johansson and Kumar Vol 13, No. 1, 1971 and AASHTO Green Book

30 OnGuard Collision Safety System Uses forward-looking 77 Ghz radar sensor technology to monitor distance to target vehicle Driver Interface 30

31 How does it work? Collision Warning Audible & visual warnings provides detection of developing rear end collisions Adaptive Cruise w / Active Braking Provides adaptive cruise for both decel and automatic resume Maintains 3.6 second following distance Provides sequential deceleration activation: Torque reduction Retarder control Foundation braking Max decel 35% full brake apply Collision Mitigation Always on emergency activation Calculates to determine impending collision Initial Haptic warning 50% full brake apply Functions at speeds > 15mph Automatically disengages if driver takes appropriate action 31

32 CMS Intervention Sequence Potential rear end collision detected Hard braking required to prevent collision Avoidance maneuver not possible t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 time Object tracked Collision warning: Visual and Audible Collision warning: Haptical (short brake pulse) Automatic braking for collision prevention or mitigation Crash prevented or mitigated Warning Tone and Lamp System Reactions Engine Torque Limitation Brake Activation 32

33 Next Generation The Future 33

34 OnGuard Next Generation New Radar 300 Series Higher resolution - Determine the object Auto Alignment Capability Larger Scanning Area Improved Object Tracking Stationary Object Warning 200 series 300 series 34

35 OnGuard TM CMS Display Improvements Larger, high resolution screen Day / Night mode, driver selected Shape allows for easier orientation on dash - 2 gauge positions instead of 4 35

36 The Road Ahead Evolution of OnGuard + ACC FCW Distance Warning CMS Increase Value ACC FCW Distance Warning CMS Auto Alignment Warning on Stationary Objects Evasive Maneuver Check Active Cruise Control Foward Collision Warning Distance Warning Collision Mittigation System Auto Alignment Warning on Stationary Objects Evasive Maneuver check ACC Stop & Go Collision Mittigation Stationary Objects Extended Brake Assist In-crash Braking Full Braking Capability

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38 Lane Departure Warning (LDW) Vision-based System - One forward looking camera - Monitors road ahead - Audibly warns driver if they unintentionally leave lane 38

39 LDW Functionality Detects and classifies lane markers Tracks and projects lane ahead of truck System provides audible warning of unintended lane drift or lane change made without turn signal indicator - Above 40 MPH Camera, optics, processor, and power supply fully integrated into one compact unit - Bracket mounted directly to windshield 800+ Million Miles on North American Applications Automatic calibration and integrated diagnostics simplify setup and operation 39

40 LDW Hardware Two platforms - Basic: LDW, Driver Alertness Warning - Full: Same as above plus collision warning, curve speed warning, video event recording, 3 axis accelerometer, two data links Power, ground, turn signals, brake switch, two speakers, J1939 Camera capability: 200 ft for lane tracking, 260 ft for collision warning 40

41 LDW Benefits Integrated camera / electronics (one box solution) for easy installation Provides driver warning of unintended lane drift that can lead to serious accidents Encourages use of turn signals - System will not warn when turn signals are used Detects erratic or degraded driving based on lane weaving - Warns driver and can send a critical alert telematically back to fleet Per ATRI study, LDW returns $1.37 $6.65 for every dollar invested Improved CSA scores 41

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