Specification Test Methods ASTM D6890/EN (IP498) Tester (IQT ) Fuel Rating Symposium October, 2010

Transcription

1 Specification Test Methods ASTM D6890/EN (IP498) Ignition Quality Tester (IQT ) Technology Update Fuel Rating Symposium October, 2010

2 Welcome I would like to thank you for taking time out of your busy schedules to come to attend presentation in particular to hear this D6890/EN (IP 498) progress review update

3 Presentation Topics IQT History Test Method Development at EI and ASTM Use of the IQT from a global perspective The significance ifi of the IQT in biodiesel fuel ldevelopment and commercialization The effective use of the IQT with cetane improver (2 ethy hexyl nitrate 2EHN and ditertiary butyl peroxide DTB) The effective use of the IQT in refinery diesel fuel blending optimization o (establish s blend be values auesfor components) Regulatory use of the IQT for regular and premium diesel fuel

4 Presentation Topics Cont d. Development of a high precision MDV Fuel Injection Pump that will further improve precision Precision Update Status ( ASTM & EI Exchange Group Data) Update on Refinery On Line Model (ROLM) IQT Preliminary Test Results for New Reference Fuel Blends Durability track record and recent durability improvements Update on near Totally Automated Laboratory Model (TALM) IQT Ease of Maintenance Expansion of test method scope above 64 DCN and below 33 DCN

5 Presentation Topics Cont d. Combined use of primary reference fuels with heptane and methylcyclohexane (MCH) to improve ease of calibration Summary

6 IQT History The IQT was initially developed as a hand operated research tool by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio, Texas AET acquired the technology from SwRI in 1994

7 IQT History Cont d. SwRI s hand operated research CVCC device

8 IQT History Cont d. Considerable effort was required to determine the major sources of error in order to further develop the instrument The main R&D focus was targeted towards developing a robust/optimized ignition delay measurement algorithm that was based on a large data base of ASTM NEG fuel remnants

9 IQT History Cont d. SwRI hand operated research CVCC device in operation (c.1993)

10 IQT History Cont d. Thesecond main R&D focus was automating the instrument s sequence of injection and combustion events.

11 IQT History Cont d. SwRI/AET s development of a first prototype IQT, manufactured by SwRI

12 IQT History Cont d. Prototype IQT s combustion chamber and injection pump p Handle for inlet valve Pneumatic piston Injection release mechanism Handle for exhaust valve

13 IQT History Cont d. Updated prototype IQT under test at AET Pneumatically actuated valves Solenoid actuator Data acquisition and control computer

14 Test Method Development at EI and ASTM Thefirsttest test method was written in accordance with the Energy Institute (EI) format and was first approved by EI as IP 498 The EI version was then utilized to commence the ASTM version and approved in 2002 as D6890

15 Test Method Development at EI and ASTM Cont d. AET continues to be grateful for the knowledgeable help of John Jones with this initial ASTM test method B tht t th d d l di t t ll Both test methods were developed in a totally open and transparent manner

16 Test Method Development at EI and ASTM Cont d. Throughout the test method development the IQT TM Instrument User Group (UG) played a major role in test method development and round robin testing The IQT TM UG met by teleconference call every two weeks for severalyears these teleconference calls were kindly hosted by BP Oil

17 Test Method Development at EI and ASTM Cont d. More recently, the UG helped with the Independent Laboratory Study (ILS) for B100 materials and their use in D6751 AET and the UG has supplied test data for the development of ASTM D7467 Fuel Specification for B6 to B20

18 Test Method Development at EI and ASTM Cont d. AET has planned additional testing of B100 for D613 AET has planned additional testing of B100 for D613 and D6890 by UG and AET (on two B100 feedstocks that meet D6751)

19 Region Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Number of IQT s Europe 50 North America 46 Eastern Asia & Australia 17 South America 10 Middle East, Western Asia & India 6 Africa 3

20 Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Cont d. Organization Type Number of IQT s Refinery 57 Government Laboratory 19 Independent Testing Laboratory 18 Oil Company Laboratory 18 University/Research Laboratory 13 Other 7

21 Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Cont d.

22 Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Cont d.

23 Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Cont d.

24 Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Cont d.

25 Use of the IQT from a Global Perspective Cont d.

26 Some of our Major IQT Users

27 The Significance of the IQT in Biodiesel Fuel Development and Commercialization ili i Over the past 10 years, the IQT has been utilized to test B100 development fuels from approximately 50 different bio sources On all of these bio sources, there was never a single problem in providing a DCN indication (manyof these fuels were tested well before the development of ASTM D6751)

28 Effective use of the IQT with cetane improver (2 ethy hexyl nitrate 2EHN and ditertiary butyl peroxide DTBP) Unlike the CFR engine, the IQT is sensitive to small concentrations of cetane improvers such as 2 ethyl hexyl nitrate (2 EHN) and ditertiary butyl peroxide (DTB).

29 Refinery use of the IQT with Cetane Improver Numerous refineries and research centers have been Numerous refineries and research centers have been using their IQT s to determine the level of boost for different base fuels with various cetane improver concentrations

30 IQT with Cetane Improver Cont d. 20 High response fuel 15 Ce etane Boost 10 5 Low response fuel Amount of Additive (ppm) Ghosh Energy & Fuels 2008 Predicting the Effect of Cetane Improvers on Diesel Fuels

31 Effective use of the IQT in refinery diesel fuel blending optimization (establish blend values for component blending) Establish DCN blend values for the blend components Determine the optimal dose rates for cetane improver

32 Effective use of the IQT in refinery diesel fuel blending optimization (establish blend values for component blending) Determine cetane improver response with individual components As a result of IQT precision, a blend curve can be produced with as few as 4 tests for DCN

33 Regulatory use of the IQT for regular and premium diesel lfuel Many countries, states, regions in the world have Many countries, states, regions in the world have adopted fuel specifications that utilize ASTM D 6890 or EN in similar manner to that of ASTM D975, EN 590, D6751

34 Development of a high precision MDV Fuel Injection Pump that will furtherimprove precision Pump # Pump Statistics Fuel A B C E AVE StdDev. CF Cf Cf

35 Development of a high precision MDV Fuel Injection Pump that will furtherimprove precision cont d. ASTM/EI Test Results Fuel DCN StdDev CN StdDev

36 Precision Update There were 4 ballots to update the precision of D6890 at the December 2009 ASTM meeting ASTM/EI Research Report Update Reproducibility Expand Scope Update Between Method Reproducibility All items are going to publication

37 Precision Update Cont d. DCN / CN D D (approved) (pp D Table: Reproducibility DCN / CN D D (approved) D N/A N/A N/A N/A Table: Between Method Reproducibility

38 Precision Update Status ASTM D a was published by ASTM in late September 2010 Reproducibility, repeatability and between method reproducibility were recalculated using much larger data set than original calculation Original 2002inter laboratorystudydata data, ASTMNEGfuel exchange program data, and Energy Institute IP fuel exchange program data Significant impro ement in reprod cibilit and Significant improvement in reproducibility and between method reproducibility

39 Precision Update Status Cont d D D a D DCN/CN r R R xy r R R xy r R Areas in lighter shaded regions are for published precision, hence values in darker shaded regions are an extrapolation of published values

40 Precision Update Status Cont d

41 Precision Update Status Cont d

42 Precision Update Status ASTM NEG Fuel Exchange Program Year DCN σ # Labs CN σ # Labs * Average * 2010 data up to August 2010

43 Precision Update Status Energy Institute IP Fuel Exchange Program Year DCN σ # Labs CN σ # Labs * Average * 2010 data up to August 2010

44 Update on Refinery On Line Model (ROLM) IQT Automated Bleed Valve System Fuel system flushing between samples Torque limiting mechanism

45 New Reference Fuels Primaryreference reference fuel blends of cetane and heptamethylnonane (HMN) are being experimented with in the range from The reference fuels are being blended according to the Cetane Scale CN = %vol Cetane * %vol HMN As anticipated, the DCN results from the IQT match the Cetane Scale

46 New Reference Fuel Blends Cont d. erived Cetan ne Number (D DCN) IQT020 A IQT077 B IQT120 C DCN/ID Relationship D Ignition Delay (ms)

47 Scope Expansion (>65CN, <30CN) The results s from the experiments e sare very promising Additional tests have shown that HMN is 15DCN using the IQT, which is its definition The primary reference fuels will be used to expand the scope of D6890 from and DCN This would permit the IQT conversion equation to be anchored at three additional points: 15, 65, and 100 DCN AnchoringtheIQT conversion equation to thecetane Scale will enable it to be considered a standalone method

48 Reference Fuels Package Quality controlled reference fuels are available for all operators from AET: Heptane MCH Low Cetane Check Fuel High Cetane Check Fuel 65.2 DCN Fuel

49 Durability track record and recent durability bl improvements Some heavy use refineries have utilized the IQT for more than 28,000 tests or 1,250,00 combustion events Exhaust and intake air valves have been removed as a frequent repair component Fuel injection nozzles can last from 6 months to 2 or more years

50 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Electronic pressure control (UGDriven) Set point adjustment controls Nitrogen pressure display Gas hook ups

51 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Automatic flushing (fuel injector nozzle) Pneumatic actuator Solenoid valve Standard IQT bleed valve

52 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Automatic flushing (fuel injection pump) Pneumatic actuator Standard IQT bleed valve Solenoid valve

53 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. New drip free fuel reservoir (UG Driven)

54 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. New enclosure design will be unveiled in November New enclosure design will be unveiled in November 2010

55 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Automated control of nozzle tip and combustion Automated control of nozzle tip and combustion chamber pressure transducer temperature

56 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Automated control of nozzle tip and combustion chamber pressure transducer temperature Flow sensor with rate output Flow indicator

57 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Updated graphical user interface (test and parameter Updated graphical user interface (test and parameter status at a glance) (UG driven)

58 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Updated graphical user interface (test and parameter Updated graphical user interface (test and parameter status at a glance) (UG driven)

59 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Automated Self checking of calibration Verify SQC fuel test results against quality control limits Prompt to start automatic calibration procedure if required Automated Self calibration Determine change in set point required to achieve ARV for n heptane and verify that new set point is correct Verify the instrument s measurement sensitivity using methylcyclohexane l h Perform post calibration quality control test

60 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Precision improvement data 1L Fuel Reservoir

61 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. Precision improvement data 44.0 Deri ived Cetan ne Numbe er (DCN N) :00 AM 1:00 PM 5:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM 5:00 AM 9:00 AM 1:00 PM Experimental Results

62 Update on Near Totally Automated Laboratory Model dl( (n TALM) IQT Cont d. The new enclosure will further improve instrument The new enclosure will further improve instrument safety

63 Ease of Maintenance Use of bellville washers on the three combustion chamber studs mean that high temperature gasket life is greatly extended The new enclosure will permit easier access for periodic maintenance

64 Summary From 1993 to 2010 work has been ongoing to improve the capability, precision, and durability of the IQT New developments for the Totally Automated Laboratory Model (TALM) IQT will further its capability and durability characteristics for use with a broad range of fuel options over a cetane range of 15 to 100