Are You Prepared For Tier 3 Gasoline Standards? Presented by: Shaun Spiro and Leslie Johnson

Transcription

1 Are You Prepared For Tier 3 Gasoline Standards? Presented by: Shaun Spiro and Leslie Johnson

2 Safety Topic As the weather starts to warm up, we need to think about working in the heat. Wearing FRC can help trap heat Drink plenty of fluids before you get thirsty Avoid caffeinated products (soda, coffee, energy drinks) Schedule work early in the morning when it is cooler Rest in cool areas as needed

3 It is the job of the refinery to maximize production of what? OK, that was a trick question

4 Changing Crude Slates 12% Traditional Sources 88% Opportunity Crude Traditional Crude Opportunity crudes cost 5-30% less Opportunity Crudes provide the refiner with an ability to increase margin. HOWEVER, the quality of opportunity crudes vary significantly, even from the same source, forcing refiners to require elemental analysis to reap sourcing savings more effectively. What is the best crude slate to run? Is it worth the shrinking gap as crude prices drop? Can the refinery run this crude? It is a moving target!

5 Crude Quality

6 What are the Tier 3 Standards? Sulfur Limits on Gasoline In 2004, sulfur was limited to 120 ppm In 2006, Tier 2 was introduced dropping sulfur levels to 30 ppm In 2017, sulfur in gasoline will drop to 10 ppm About 30 small refiners can wait until 2020

7 Why is Tier 3 Being Introduced? According to the EPA EPA estimates that in 2030, the annual monetized health benefits of the Tier 3 standards will be between $6.7 and $19 billion. By 2030, the Tier 3 standards will annually prevent: Between 770 and 2,000 premature deaths 2,200 hospital admissions and asthma-related emergency room visits 19,000 asthma exacerbations 30,000 upper and lower respiratory symptoms in children 1.4 million lost school days, work days and minor-restricted activities

8 Crude Sulfur and Desulfurization Since 1985, Desulfurization capacity has nearly doubled

9 Desulfurization Sulfur Removal Costs Refineries MILLIONS per Year in: Capital Hydrogen Catalyst Energy OCTANE

10 What is the cost of Tier 3? The EPA said it will cost refiners less than $0.01 per gallon to comply with the Tier 3 Standards. Industry said it would cost much more and increase Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. More energy, Hydrogen production/usage (CO2 generation), impact EII (Energy Intensity Index), catalyst, etc.

11 Loss of Octane Post Treatment at FCC can convert Olefins, which contribute to Octane. This Octane must be replaced, typically with Reformate

12 Sulfur Measurement In order to optimize production, monitoring must be performed on unit sulfur levels. This can be done in a laboratory or online. Can Help!

13 Technology

14 X-Ray Fluorescence Technology (XRF) A standard in the petroleum business for many years No combustion No wet chemistry X-Ray Tube Detector Low maintenance Fast Precise Little to no sample prep

15 Counts Typical Energy Dispersive XRF (EDXRF) Counts X-Ray Tube Characteristic energy used to measure Sulfur Polychromatic Beam Detector S E High background energy associated with Polychromatic Beam E Polychromatic Beam produces LOW signal to background ratio, so cannot accurately measure at low levels Plots of X-ray photons (counts) vs spectral energy for each beam

16 Counts Typical Wavelength Dispersive XRF (WD XRF) Counts Counts S Cl X-Ray Tube Characteristic energy used to measure Sulfur Filter Flat crystal E Counter Polychromatic Beam S Cl Sample E High background energy associated with Polychromatic Beam E Filter will remove some background energy, but still leaves a LOW Signal to Background ratio

17 MWD XRF XOS Proprietary Optics Deliver Low LOD with High Signal to Background Ratio Doubly Curved Crystal optics: focus excitation beam to improve intensity at low power (high signal) filter beam to excite sample with single energy (low background) filter emitted X-rays so only single energy detected (low background) use large collection angle for max intensity of fluorescence (high signal)

18 Counts Counts Counts Counts MWD XRF 3) 1) 4) 2) (1) (2) (3) (4) S S E E E E Plots of X-ray photons (counts) vs spectral energy for each beam

19 Counts Counts MWD XRF (1) (2) Optic 1 (Excitation Beam): E E (1) (2) (1) (2) Polychromatic X-rays emitted in diverging beam from tube. Beam consists of multiple energy levels or wavelengths, dominated by characteristic energy of tube target. Includes scattered X-rays, phenomena of production of any X-rays from tube source (Bremsstrahlung scattering); these elevate background across the spectrum. Beam monochromated (filtered) by DCC Optic 1 following Bragg s Law (nλ = 2d Sinϴ), where Cr kα energy is singled out and focused on sample. Monochromatic excitation provides highly focused, single energy beam incident upon sample.

20 Counts Counts MWD XRF (3) S S (4) Optic 2 (Collection Beam): E (3) (4) E (3) (4) Resulting fluorescent signal emitted from sample is cleaner (low noise) due to single energy excitation. DCC Optic 2 eliminates scatter, and further reduces the background, leading to very low detection limits. Collected x-rays have a high signal to low background ratio, 10X better than traditional WDXRF. Use of simple, robust proportional counter, relatively insensitive to electronic noise is enabled.

21 ASTM Reproducibility and Repeatability Reproducibility The difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators applying the same test method in different laboratories using different apparatus on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the following values only in one case in 20. Reproducibility (R) Between lab difference Repeatability The difference between repetitive results obtained by the same operator in a given laboratory applying the same test method with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material within short intervals of time would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the following vs only in one case in 20 Repeatability (r) Within lab difference

22 ASTM Test Method Reproducibility ppm

23 Better ASTM Test Method Reproducibility 0-30ppm XOS MWDXRF Performs better at the levels required by Tier 3 Standards.

24 Better Reproducibility of ASTM RFG Crosscheck Data Actual test data showing better Reproducibility performance of XOS versus UVF in Gasoline

25 Features & Benefits On-line Total sulfur analysis from ultra low sulfur fuels to crudes All 3 models comply with ASTM D7039 and ISO 20884, and Sindie 2622 also complies with ASTM D2622 LOD: 0.15 ppm wt. at 300 s (Gen3). Dynamic Range: Standard: 0.15 ppm wt. to 3000 ppm wt. XR package: 0.15 ppm wt. to 10 wt. % Available with 8 cell auto-sampler Total sulfur analysis from ultra low sulfur fuels up to crude Complies with ASTM D7039 and ISO LOD: 0.6 ppm wt. (at measurement time: 900 s.) Dynamic Range: 0.6 ppm wt. to 10 wt. % Compatible for use in mobile labs/vans ACCU-CELL pre-assembled sample cups for enhanced precision and ease-of-use Direct measurement without sample conversion LOD : 0.6 ppm wt. Dynamic Range: 0.6 ppm wt. to 3000 ppm wt. Calibration is linear up to 3000 ppm wt. One calibration for diesel and gasoline matrixes over full dynamic range Fast measurement time: 30 seconds to 5 minutes No consumables, gases or high temperature processes Extremely low maintenance

26 SINDIE Online On-line Direct measurement without sample conversion LOD : 0.6 ppm wt. Low Range: 0.6 ppm wt. to 3000 ppm wt. Extended Range: Up to 4% ppm wt. Calibration is linear up to 3000 ppm wt. One calibration for diesel and gasoline matrixes over low range Fast measurement time: 30 seconds to 5 minutes No consumables, gases or high temperature processes Extremely low maintenance Typical Applications: ULSD Diesel Feeds ULSG Gasoline Feeds Distillates Crude Oil Aqueous Streams

27 Dynamic Window Module Designed to provide continuous measurement for online applications. Automatic film advance to assure clean film for accurate measurement.

28 Awards Related to SINDIE 2005 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine 2006 Beckman Founder Award by Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society 2009 IBO Industrial Design Award for best industrial design of an analytical instrument by Instrument Business Outlook Engineered and built for years of easy and trouble free use.

29 XOS Can Help Optimize Your Process By accurately and quickly monitoring Sulfur, refiners can save money, energy, and emissions! Energy

30 Customized Demonstrations Available Free product demonstrations are available either in person or via the web: Visit

31 Thank you! Phone: Web: Shaun Spiro Key Account Manger, Process Analyzers Demo request: