UOP UNITY Hydrotreating Products

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "UOP UNITY Hydrotreating Products"

Transcription

1 Satyam Mishra UOP UNITY Hydrotreating Products 19 February 2018 Honeywell UOP ME-TECH Seminar Dubai, UAE UOP 8080A UOP LLC. A Honeywell Company All rights reserved.

2 Outline 1 Unity UNITY UOP Unity Hydroprocessing Catalyst Portfolio Unity Case Story 1: Hydrotreating catalyst enabling ULSD production Unity Case Story 2: Hydrotreating catalyst in Hydrocracking pretreat service Unity Case Story 3: Successful commercialization of HYT 4118 (Co-Mo Catalyst) in ULSD service Introducing ULTIMet UOP 8080A-1

3 Honeywell UOP 2 Unity Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Unified approach Universal compatibility UOP 8080A-2

4 Licensed Capacity, BPSD Unity Means Hydroprocessing Technology You Can Rely On 3 200, , ,000 80,000 UOP Hydroprocessing Experience Unionfining Units Unicracking Units Naphtha Hydrotreating Coker Naphtha Hydrotreating Gasoline Selective Desulfurization Kerosene Hydrotreating Distillate Hydrotreating VGO (Cat Feed) Hydrotreating Fixed-Bed Resid Hydrotreating 40, Award Year New Unit Design, Revamp, Process, Technology & Equipment Capabilities

5 Unity Hydroprocessing Catalysts Innovation Built on 50 Years in Hydroprocessing 4 UOP 8080A-4

6 UOP Unity Hydrotreating Catalysts Can Help Refiners Meet Market Demands CASE STUDY HYT-6219 in ULSD Service CASE STUDY HYT-6119 Hydrocracking Pretreat Service CASE STUDY HYT-4118 Commercialization in ULSD Service Catalysts Meeting Expectations At All Units

7 Unity Case Story 1: Enabling On-Spec ULSD Production 6 Cycle Objectives Achieve cycle length Successfully produce 10ppm No revamp Operating conditions: 70 bar(g) Reactor Inlet H 2 PP 740 Nm 3 /m 3 H 2 to Oil, UOP Catalyst solution: Unity Hydroprocessing Catalysts UOP Unity HYT-6219 Feed Details Source Blend Feed Composition Blend Imported 45% LCGO 27% CN 15% SRD 13% LCO API 43 Specific Gravity 0.81 Sulfur, Wt-% 0.3 Nitrogen, wt-ppm 1100 Bromine Number C+ (300 F+) Content, Wt-% 85* * Est from Naphtha Yield UOP Objective: Deliver EURO V Only With a Change in Catalyst

8 Product Sulfur, wppm UOP Service and Sales Support Unit Troubleshooting ULSD Case Story #1 Product Sulfur 7 Base+20 Base+15 Reactor Bypass Closed Gasoline, Sulfur, wppm Diesel Sulfur, wppm Base+10 Base+5 Base Target Operation High activity of HYT-6219 Allowing Customer to Increase Feed Rate 10% Above Design & Still Make ULSD product Base-5 Base Operating Days Since Start of Run HYT-6219 Allowing 10% Increased Unit Throughput

9 Unity Case Story 1: HYT-6219 Enables Meeting ULSD Specifications 8 Product Quality Before usage After Reload with HYT-6219 Sulfur, wt-ppm Cetane Index Achieved diesel quality is better than EURO V Unity catalyst and UOP sales support/service key for this achievement Unity Catalyst and Service Key Enabler for EURO V Diesel

10 UOP Unity Hydrotreating Catalysts Can Help Refiners Meet Market Demands CASE STUDY HYT-6219 in ULSD Service CASE STUDY HYT-6119 Hydrocracking Pretreat Service CASE STUDY HYT-4118 Commercialization in ULSD Service Catalysts Meeting Expectations At All Units

11 Unity Case Story 2: Upgrading Petrochemical Feedstocks 10 Cycle Objectives Achieve cycle length Improve naphtha quality and yield for downstream petrochemical production Type of hydrocracking technology Non-UOP hydrocracking unit design Feed Composition VGO/LCGO/HCGO Conversion: 90% vol UOP Catalyst solution: Unity UOP Unity HYT-6119 Hydroprocessing Catalysts UOP Unity Naphtha HC UOP Flexibility to Upgrade to Petrochemicals Feedstock

12 Normalized Average Bed Temperature, C Reactor Temperatures Pretreat Reactor Temperatures HYT-6119 delivers improved stability R-6101 WABT WABT Normalized to Average Conditions Proposal Predicted WABT at Design Conditions Operating Days Since Start of Run Robust Hydrocracking Pretreat in Severe Conditions

13 Nitrogen, Wt-ppm Nitrogen Slip from HC Pretreat Reactor Effluent Nitrogen Pretreat Outlet N (ppm) Target Operation Calendar Days Since Start of Run Excellent HDN Activity with HYT-6119 Catalyst

14 Normalized Average Bed Temperature, C Hydrocracking Catalyst Performance 13 Normalized WABT Improved Stability R-6102 WABT WABT Normalized to Average Conditions Proposal Predicted WABT at Design Conditions Operating Days Since Start of Run Unity Delivers Improved Heavy Naphtha for Petrochemical Use

15 Unity Case Story 2 - Hydrocracker Products Feed The Aromatics Complex: Crude Fractionation BTX 14 Naphtha CCR Aromatics Complex Benzene Cumene p-xylene VGO LCGO HCGO Desalted Crude Oil Unity Hydroprocessing Catalysts Hydrocracker UOP Unity HYT-6119 UOP Unity Heavy Naphtha Cycle Objectives Achieve cycle length Increase naphtha quality and yield for downstream petrochemical production Results Unity portfolio delivers improved heavy naphtha product properties Naphtha HC The achieved heavy naphtha properties enable extra $9 million per year of aromatics production UOP Understanding of the Big Picture Behind Refinery Operations

16 UOP Unity Hydrotreating Catalysts Can Help Refiners Meet Market Demands CASE STUDY HYT-6219 in ULSD Service CASE STUDY HYT-6119 Hydrocracking Pretreat Service CASE STUDY HYT-4118 Commercialization in ULSD Service Catalysts Meeting Expectations at All Units

17 Unity Case Story 3 Successful Commercialization of HYT Cycle Objectives Meet or Exceed cycle length Diesel Sulphur of < 10 wt-ppm Operating conditions: 29 barg Reactor Inlet (23 bara I/L H 2 PP) 250 Nm 3 /m 3 H 2 to Oil, LHSV h -1 Our Catalyst solution: Unity UOP Unity Feed Quality Feed Details Blend Source Indigenous Blend 100% SRD API 42 Specific Gravity Sulfur, Wt-% 0.2 D-86 IBP, ºC D-86 50%, ºC D-86 FBP, ºC Hydroprocessing Catalysts HYT-4118 UOP 8080A-16

18 WABT, C Product Sulphur, Wt-ppm HYT-4118 Industrial Performance EOR WABT Expected cycle to exceed target cycle length by 50%* * Assuming operating conditions and feed properties and targets remain, based on HYT activity & stability C + 20 C + 10 C Base UOP Services helped to optimize unit operations HYT-4118 delivers robust performance HYT-4118 delivers excellent sulfur removal Product Sulphur Target = 10 ppm Calendar Days on Stream Unity Integrates Catalyst and Service for Cycle Improvements

19 Unity Case Story 3 Successful Commercialization of HYT Cycle Objectives: Meet or Exceed Cycle Length Diesel Sulphur of < 10 wt-ppm UOP Unity Provides Flexibility: Estimate 50% Cycle Increase OR 30% Higher Capacity Flexibility with More Difficult Feedstocks Our Catalyst solution: Unity Hydroprocessing Catalysts UOP Unity HYT-4118 Unity as Enabler for ULSD Production Improvement

20 Unity Means Access to a Global Network of Experts 19 Understanding of the big picture behind refinery operations Knowledge of upstream & downstream units and their interactions Seamless technology transfer from unit design, to unit start-up and catalyst reload Regional service team members collaborating with deep subject matter experts Unmatched experience in servicing of hydroprocessing units worldwide Developing Strong Partnerships With You

21 Unity Hydroprocessing Catalysts Innovation Built on 50 Years in Hydroprocessing 20 UOP 8080A-20

22 UOP 8080A-21 21

23 Created to Help Refiners Be More Profitable While Meeting Shifting Market Demands 22 Refining customers tell us that they want a solution to: Get more profit from difficult feeds Go longer between catalyst change-outs Operate at higher feed rates to improve utilization Increase volume swell A Customized Loading of ULTIMet and HYT-6219 Can Enable These Goals

24 Performance Testing With Heavy VGO 23 HYT = Improved HDS Activity HDN Activity Aromatics Saturation UOP 8080A-23 Tailored Catalyst Loading Specifically for Your Plant

25 ULTIMet 24 Premium Catalyst Solution that: Requires higher hydrogen availability Helps increase profits and margins from difficult feeds Provides additional catalyst loading flexibility Has the stability and durability for longer periods between change-outs Can be operated at higher feed rates Boosts volume sell UOP 8080A-24 Or to Put It Simply, Use ULTIMet and Achieve More

26 Commercial Success of UOP Unity Hydrotreating Catalysts 25 Operating with difficult feeds in high severity operations Activity and stability are on par or better than expectations Product quality enabling profitability Robust catalysts to handle operating upsets Honeywell UOP Unity UOP Hydrotreating Catalysts Gaining World Wide Acceptance

27 UOP 8080A-26 26

28 27 Q & A UOP 8080A-27

Unity TM Hydroprocessing Catalysts

Unity TM Hydroprocessing Catalysts Aravindan Kandasamy UOP Limited, Guildford, UK May 15, 2017 May 17, 2017 Unity TM Hydroprocessing Catalysts A unified approach to enhance your refinery performance 2017 Honeywell Oil & Gas Technologies

More information

Changing Refinery Configuration for Heavy and Synthetic Crude Processing

Changing Refinery Configuration for Heavy and Synthetic Crude Processing Changing Refinery Configuration for Heavy and Synthetic Crude Processing Gary Brierley UOP LLC 2006 UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP 4525A-01 Why Should I Even Think About Running Synthetics? Oil sands

More information

Achieving Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with IsoTherming Technology

Achieving Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with IsoTherming Technology Achieving Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with IsoTherming Technology Matthew Clingerman ERTC Annual Meeting 13 15 November, 2017 DuPont Clean Technologies www.cleantechnologies.dupont.com Copyright 2017 E. I.

More information

Challenges and Solutions for Shale Oil Upgrading

Challenges and Solutions for Shale Oil Upgrading Challenges and Solutions for Shale Oil Upgrading Don Ackelson UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company 32 nd Oil Shale Symposium Colorado School of Mines October 15-17, 2012 2012 UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP

More information

UOP Unicracking TM Process Innovations in Hydrocracking Technology

UOP Unicracking TM Process Innovations in Hydrocracking Technology Kevin Whitehead UOP Unicracking TM Process Innovations in Hydrocracking Technology 15 February 2016 Egypt Downstream Summit & Exhibition 2016 Cairo 2016 UOP LLC. A Honeywell Company All rights reserved.

More information

UOP/EMRE Alliance for High Quality Lube and Diesel Production Technology

UOP/EMRE Alliance for High Quality Lube and Diesel Production Technology UOP/EMRE Alliance for High Quality Lube and Diesel Production Technology ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company Girish Chitnis, Tim Hilbert, and Tim Davis Research and Engineering International Conference

More information

New Residue Up-grading Complex at European Refinery Achieves Euro 5 Specifications

New Residue Up-grading Complex at European Refinery Achieves Euro 5 Specifications New Residue Up-grading Complex at European Refinery Achieves Euro 5 Specifications Presented by: Gert Meijburg Technical Manager - Criterion Co-author: John Baric - Licensing Technology Manager - Shell

More information

Quenching Our Thirst for Clean Fuels

Quenching Our Thirst for Clean Fuels Jim Rekoske VP & Chief Technology Officer Honeywell UOP Quenching Our Thirst for Clean Fuels 22 April 2016 Petrofed Smart Refineries New Delhi, India UOP 7200-0 2016 UOP LLC. A Honeywell Company All rights

More information

Technology for Producing Clean Diesel Utilizing Moderate Pressure Hydrocracking With Hydroisomerization

Technology for Producing Clean Diesel Utilizing Moderate Pressure Hydrocracking With Hydroisomerization Technology for Producing Clean Diesel Utilizing Moderate Pressure Hydrocracking With Hydroisomerization XIII Refining Technology Forum IMP-Pemex Pemex Refinacion Mexico City, Mexico November 14, 2007 J.

More information

Solvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler

Solvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler Kevin Whitehead Solvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler 5 th December 2017 Bottom of the Barrel Workshop NIORDC, Tehran 2017 UOP Limited Solvent Deasphalting (SDA) 1 Natural Gas Refinery Fuel Gas Hydrogen

More information

LCO Processing Solutions. Antoine Fournier

LCO Processing Solutions. Antoine Fournier LCO Processing Solutions Antoine Fournier 1 Outline Market trends and driving factors The light cycle oil Feedstock characteristics Hydroprocessing challenges Main option for LCO upgrading Catalyst update

More information

Maximize Yields of High Quality Diesel

Maximize Yields of High Quality Diesel Maximize Yields of High Quality Diesel Greg Rosinski Technical Service Engineer Brian Watkins Manager Hydrotreating Pilot Plant, Technical Service Engineer Charles Olsen Director, Distillate R&D and Technical

More information

Exceed Your Hydrocracker Potential Using The Latest Generation Flexible Naphtha/Middle Distillate Catalysts

Exceed Your Hydrocracker Potential Using The Latest Generation Flexible Naphtha/Middle Distillate Catalysts Exceed Your Hydrocracker Potential Using The Latest Generation Flexible Naphtha/Middle Distillate Catalysts Criterion Catalysts & Technologies/Zeolyst International Prepared by: Ward Koester on March 2001

More information

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY 2-1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 2-1 ECONOMIC ASPECTS 2-2

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY 2-1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 2-1 ECONOMIC ASPECTS 2-2 CONTENTS GLOSSARY xxiii 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 2 SUMMARY 2-1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 2-1 ECONOMIC ASPECTS 2-2 3 INDUSTRY STATUS 3-1 TRENDS IN TRANSPORTATION FUEL DEMAND 3-3 TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 3-3

More information

New hydrocracking catalyst brings higher diesel yield and increases refiner s profitability

New hydrocracking catalyst brings higher diesel yield and increases refiner s profitability New hydrocracking catalyst brings higher diesel yield and increases refiner s profitability Criterion Catalysts & Technologies Zeolyst International Presented by Sal Torrisi GM Hydrocracking ARTC, Singapore

More information

Understanding Cloud Point and Hydrotreating Relationships

Understanding Cloud Point and Hydrotreating Relationships Understanding Cloud Point and Hydrotreating Relationships Brian Watkins Manager, Hydrotreating Pilot Plant & Technical Service Engineer Meredith Lansdown Technical Service Engineer Advanced Refining Technologies

More information

Diesel hydroprocessing

Diesel hydroprocessing WWW.TOPSOE.COM Diesel hydroprocessing Optimizing your diesel production 32 Optimizing your diesel production As an increasing number of countries move towards requirements for low and ultra-low sulfur

More information

Impact of Processing Heavy Coker Gas Oils in Hydrocracking Units AM Annual Meeting March 21-23, 2010 Sheraton and Wyndham Phoenix, AZ

Impact of Processing Heavy Coker Gas Oils in Hydrocracking Units AM Annual Meeting March 21-23, 2010 Sheraton and Wyndham Phoenix, AZ Annual Meeting March 21-23, 2010 Sheraton and Wyndham Phoenix, AZ Impact of Processing Heavy Coker Gas Oils in Hydrocracking Units Presented By: Harjeet Virdi Hydrocracking Technololgy manager Chevron

More information

Innovative & Cost-Effective Technology for Producing Low Sulfur Diesel

Innovative & Cost-Effective Technology for Producing Low Sulfur Diesel Innovative & Cost-Effective Technology for Producing Low Sulfur Diesel Matthew Clingerman, DuPont Clean Technologies EGYPT DOWNSTREAM SUMMIT & EXHIBITION February 2016 Copyright 2016 DuPont. The DuPont

More information

SCANFINING TECHNOLOGY: A PROVEN OPTION FOR PRODUCING ULTRA-LOW SULFUR CLEAN GASOLINE

SCANFINING TECHNOLOGY: A PROVEN OPTION FOR PRODUCING ULTRA-LOW SULFUR CLEAN GASOLINE SCANFINING TECHNOLOGY: A PROVEN OPTION FOR PRODUCING ULTRA-LOW SULFUR CLEAN GASOLINE Mohan Kalyanaraman Sean Smyth John Greeley Monica Pena LARTC 3rd Annual Meeting 9-10 April 2014 Cancun, Mexico Agenda

More information

FCC pretreatment catalysts

FCC pretreatment catalysts FCC pretreatment catalysts Improve your FCC pretreatment using BRIM technology Topsøe has developed new FCC pretreatment catalysts using improved BRIM technology. The catalysts ensure outstanding performance

More information

RefComm Galveston May 2017 FCC naphtha posttreatment

RefComm Galveston May 2017 FCC naphtha posttreatment RefComm Galveston May 2017 FCC naphtha posttreatment Henrik Rasmussen Haldor Topsoe Inc. Houston TX Agenda Why post-treatment of FCC naphtha? The new sulfur challenge Molecular understanding of FCC naphtha

More information

Upgrade Bottom of the Barrel to Improve Your Margins

Upgrade Bottom of the Barrel to Improve Your Margins Agafeev Viacheslav OOO UOP, A Honeywell Company Upgrade Bottom of the Barrel to Improve Your Margins 28-30 November 2016 CIS Downstream Summit 2016 Vienna, Austria UOP 7802-1 2016 UOP LLC. A Honeywell

More information

PILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days

PILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days Training Title PILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days Training Date Pilot Plant Design, Installation & Operation 5 21 25 Sep $3,750 Dubai, UAE In any of the 5 star hotels.

More information

Reducing octane loss - solutions for FCC gasoline post-treatment services

Reducing octane loss - solutions for FCC gasoline post-treatment services Reducing octane loss - solutions for FCC gasoline post-treatment services Claus Brostrøm Nielsen clbn@topsoe.com Haldor Topsoe Agenda Why post-treatment of FCC gasoline? Molecular understanding of FCC

More information

Relative volume activity. Type II CoMoS Type I CoMoS. Trial-and-error era

Relative volume activity. Type II CoMoS Type I CoMoS. Trial-and-error era Developments in hydrotreating catalyst How a second generation hydrotreating catalyst was developed for high pressure ultra-low sulphur diesel units and hydrocracker pretreaters MICHAEL T SCHMIDT Haldor

More information

Balancing the Need for Low Sulfur FCC Products and Increasing FCC LCO Yields by Applying Advanced Technology for Cat Feed Hydrotreating

Balancing the Need for Low Sulfur FCC Products and Increasing FCC LCO Yields by Applying Advanced Technology for Cat Feed Hydrotreating Balancing the Need for Low Sulfur FCC Products and Increasing FCC LCO Yields by Applying Advanced Technology for Cat Feed Hydrotreating Brian Watkins Technical Service Engineer Advanced Refining Technologies

More information

Optimizing Distillate Yields and Product Qualities. Srini Srivatsan, Director - Coking Technology

Optimizing Distillate Yields and Product Qualities. Srini Srivatsan, Director - Coking Technology Optimizing Distillate Yields and Product Qualities Srini Srivatsan, Director - Coking Technology Email: srini.srivatsan@amecfw.com Optimizing Distillate Yields and Product Properties Overview Delayed coker

More information

Acomprehensive analysis was necessary to

Acomprehensive analysis was necessary to 10 ppm Sulfur Gasoline Opportunity Analysis Delphine Largeteau Senior Technologist - Mktg. Associate Jay Ross Senior Technology and Mktg. Manager Larry Wisdom Marketing Executive Acomprehensive analysis

More information

THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING

THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING J. Mike Brown, Ph.D. Senior Vice President Technology BASICS OF REFINERY OPERATIONS Supply and Demand Where Does The Crude Oil Come From?

More information

Catalytic Reforming for Aromatics Production. Topsoe Catalysis Forum Munkerupgaard, Denmark August 27 28, 2015 Greg Marshall GAM Engineering LLC 1

Catalytic Reforming for Aromatics Production. Topsoe Catalysis Forum Munkerupgaard, Denmark August 27 28, 2015 Greg Marshall GAM Engineering LLC 1 Catalytic Reforming for Aromatics Production Topsoe Catalysis Forum Munkerupgaard, Denmark August 27 28, 2015 Greg Marshall GAM Engineering LLC GAM Engineering LLC 1 REFINERY CONFIURATION LPG NAPHTHA HYDROTREATING

More information

Maximizing Bottom-of-the Barrel Conversion with Commercially Proven Technologies. Jacinthe Frécon

Maximizing Bottom-of-the Barrel Conversion with Commercially Proven Technologies. Jacinthe Frécon Maximizing Bottom-of-the Barrel Conversion with Commercially Proven Technologies Jacinthe Frécon 1 Agenda Conversion Mapping H-Oil RC: Ebullated Bed Residue Hydrocracking Case Study: Diesel maximization

More information

Selected Answers to the 2010 NPRA Q&A Hydroprocessing Questions

Selected Answers to the 2010 NPRA Q&A Hydroprocessing Questions Selected Answers to the 2010 NPRA Q&A Hydroprocessing Questions By Geri D'Angelo, Technical Service Engineer,, LLC Chicago, IL Question # 10 Brian Watkins What are refiners' experience with respect to

More information

Options for Resid Conversion

Options for Resid Conversion Options for Resid Conversion C. Plain, J. Duddy, S. Kressmann, O. Le Coz, K. Tasker Axens 89, bd Franklin Roosevelt - BP 50802 92508 Rueil Malmaison Cedex -France Tel.: + 33 1 47 14 21 00 Fax: + 33 1 47

More information

TechnipFMC RFCC Technology converts bunker fuels into high value products for African refiners

TechnipFMC RFCC Technology converts bunker fuels into high value products for African refiners TechnipFMC RFCC Technology converts bunker fuels into high value products for African refiners Eusebius Gbordzoe, Harvey McQuiston and Steve Gim ARA Week March 13 2017 TechnipFMC Process Technology What

More information

Modernizing a Vintage Cat Cracker. Don Leigh HFC Rahul Pillai KBR Steve Tragesser KBR

Modernizing a Vintage Cat Cracker. Don Leigh HFC Rahul Pillai KBR Steve Tragesser KBR Modernizing a Vintage Cat Cracker Don Leigh HFC Rahul Pillai KBR Steve Tragesser KBR El Dorado Refinery Refinery located in El Dorado, Kansas is one of the largest refineries in the Plain States and Rocky

More information

MODERN REFINING CONCEPTS No Oil Refining without Hydroprocessing

MODERN REFINING CONCEPTS No Oil Refining without Hydroprocessing MODERN REFINING CONCEPTS No Oil Refining without Hydroprocessing Dr. Hartmut Weyda, Dr. Ernst Köhler - SÜD-CHEMIE AG Keywords: Aromatics Removal, Catalyst, Dewaxing, Diesel, Gas Oil, Gasoline, HDS, Hydrogen,

More information

Refinery / Petrochemical. Integration. Gildas Rolland

Refinery / Petrochemical. Integration. Gildas Rolland Refinery / Petrochemical Integration Gildas Rolland 1 Global Middle Eastern Market 2 nd ~30% 10ppm Growing market for global Refined Product Demand +1.6% AAGR 2014-2035 of worldwide refining capacity expansion

More information

Maximize Vacuum Residue Conversion and Processing Flexibility with the UOP Uniflex Process

Maximize Vacuum Residue Conversion and Processing Flexibility with the UOP Uniflex Process Maximize Vacuum Residue Conversion and Processing Flexibility with the UOP Uniflex Process Hans Lefebvre UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company XVIII Foro de Avances de la Industria de la Refinación 11 and 12, July,

More information

UPGRADER FOR HEAVY, EXTRA-HEAVY CRUDE/BITUMEN AND RESIDUAL FRACTIONS

UPGRADER FOR HEAVY, EXTRA-HEAVY CRUDE/BITUMEN AND RESIDUAL FRACTIONS UPGRADER FOR HEAVY, EXTRA-HEAVY CRUDE/BITUMEN AND RESIDUAL FRACTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Section A Refiners General Introduction face tremendous and Market Overview pressures to maintain profits, whil e

More information

LC-FINING Options for Heavy Oil Upgrading

LC-FINING Options for Heavy Oil Upgrading Annual Meeting March 9-11, 2008 Manchester Grand Hyatt San Diego, CA LC-FINING Options for Heavy Oil Upgrading Presented By: David Wadsworth Americas Director Chevron Lummus Global Bloomfield, NJ National

More information

Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Joseph C. Gentry, Director - Global Licensing Engineered to Innovate

Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Joseph C. Gentry, Director - Global Licensing Engineered to Innovate Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Introduction The global trend in motor fuel consumption favors diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals

More information

By Torkil Ottesen Hansen General Manager, Process Department, Refinery Technology. Hydrotreater revamp case story: Making the most of what you have

By Torkil Ottesen Hansen General Manager, Process Department, Refinery Technology. Hydrotreater revamp case story: Making the most of what you have By Torkil Ottesen Hansen General Manager, Process Department, Refinery Technology Hydrotreater revamp case story: Making the most of what you have Hydrotreater revamp case study: Making the most of what

More information

DIESEL. Custom Catalyst Systems for Higher Yields of Diesel. Brian Watkins Manager, Hydrotreating Pilot Plant and Technical Service Engineer

DIESEL. Custom Catalyst Systems for Higher Yields of Diesel. Brian Watkins Manager, Hydrotreating Pilot Plant and Technical Service Engineer DIESEL Custom Catalyst Systems for Higher Yields of Diesel Brian Watkins Manager, Hydrotreating Pilot Plant and Technical Service Engineer Charles Olsen Director, Distillate R&D and Technical Service Advanced

More information

Removing High Sulphur Bunker from the Refineries: Eni s case study

Removing High Sulphur Bunker from the Refineries: Eni s case study Removing High Sulphur Bunker from the Refineries: Eni s case study Raffaele Fronteddu Proposal Manager Licensing Commercial Development Refining & Marketing - Eni S.p.A CIS Downstream Summit Vienna, 28

More information

SOLVENT DEASPHALTING OPTIONS How SDA can increase residue upgrading margins

SOLVENT DEASPHALTING OPTIONS How SDA can increase residue upgrading margins SOLVENT DEASPHALTING OPTIONS How SDA can increase residue upgrading margins ME Tech Dubai, February 18 & 19, 2014 Steve Beeston - Vice President, Technology Business Environment Requirements Improve refinery

More information

Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm

Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Introduction The global trend in motor fuel consumption favors diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals

More information

Co-Processing of Green Crude in Existing Petroleum Refineries. Algae Biomass Summit 1 October

Co-Processing of Green Crude in Existing Petroleum Refineries. Algae Biomass Summit 1 October Co-Processing of Green Crude in Existing Petroleum Refineries Algae Biomass Summit 1 October - 2014 1 Overview of Sapphire s process for making algae-derived fuel 1 Strain development 2 Cultivation module

More information

GTC TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER

GTC TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER GTC TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER Refining/Petrochemical Integration FCC Gasoline to Petrochemicals Refining/Petrochemical Integration - FCC Gasoline to Petrochemicals Introduction The global trend in motor fuel

More information

Mild Hydrocracking using IsoTherming Technology

Mild Hydrocracking using IsoTherming Technology Mild Hydrocracking using IsoTherming Technology presented by Carmo J. Pereira DuPont Engineering Technology at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the NPRA San Diego, California March 10, 2008 MHC using IsoTherming

More information

Abstract Process Economics Program Report 211A HYDROCRACKING FOR MIDDLE DISTILLATES (July 2003)

Abstract Process Economics Program Report 211A HYDROCRACKING FOR MIDDLE DISTILLATES (July 2003) Abstract Process Economics Program Report 211A HYDROCRACKING FOR MIDDLE DISTILLATES (July 2003) Middle distillate is the collective petroleum distillation fractions boiling above naphtha (about 300 F,

More information

Low sulphur bunker fuel oil : what are the options?

Low sulphur bunker fuel oil : what are the options? Low sulphur bunker fuel oil : what are the options? Nicoletta Panariti, Eni 4 th Asian Refining Summit 9-10 March, 2017, Singapore www.eni.com Presentation outline Existing Legislation Expected Impacts

More information

The demand for middle distillates

The demand for middle distillates Revamp cat feed hydrotreaters for flexible yields Revamping a cat feed hydrotreater to a flexible mild hydrocracker can be the most attractive economic option for adjusting the gasoline to diesel ratio

More information

Focus on Slurry Hydrocracking Uniflex Process Upgrade Bottom-of-the-Barrel to Improve Margins

Focus on Slurry Hydrocracking Uniflex Process Upgrade Bottom-of-the-Barrel to Improve Margins Focus on Slurry Hydrocracking Uniflex Process Upgrade Bottom-of-the-Barrel to Improve Margins Phil Hunt UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company Russia & CIS BBTC 2015 April 22-24, 2015 Moscow A Century of Innovation

More information

FCC UNIT FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY IN MOL S DANUBE REFINERY

FCC UNIT FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY IN MOL S DANUBE REFINERY FCC UNIT FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY IN MOL S DANUBE REFINERY Tamás Kasza PhD Head of Technology Development Tamás Németh Process Technology MOL 04.10.2017 Budapest - RefComm AGENDA 1 INTRUDUCING DANUBE REFINERY

More information

Anton Chebotarev. нефтехимического комплекса» 2017 UOP LLC. A Honeywell Company All rights reserved. 23 November 2017

Anton Chebotarev. нефтехимического комплекса» 2017 UOP LLC. A Honeywell Company All rights reserved. 23 November 2017 Anton Chebotarev Hydroprocessing and Heavy Oil Technology Manager UOP 7833L-0 Optimization of the Bottom of the Barrel Complex UOP Solutions to Process Mazut Научно-практическая конференция «Актуальные

More information

Characterization and Refinery Processing of Partially-upgraded Bitumen

Characterization and Refinery Processing of Partially-upgraded Bitumen CCQTA-COQA Joint Meeting in Edmonton, 2016 Characterization and Refinery Processing of Partially-upgraded Bitumen Tomoki Kayukawa JGC Corporation 1 Outline Background Properties of Partially Upgraded Product

More information

The Role of a New FCC Gasoline Three-Cut Splitter in Transformation of Crude Oil Hydrocarbons in CRC

The Role of a New FCC Gasoline Three-Cut Splitter in Transformation of Crude Oil Hydrocarbons in CRC 8 The Role of a New FCC Gasoline Three-Cut Splitter in Transformation of Crude Oil Hydrocarbons in CRC Hugo Kittel, Ph.D., Strategy and Long Term Technical Development Manager tel. +0 7 80, e-mail hugo.kittel@crc.cz

More information

Optimizing Hydroprocessing Catalyst Systems for Hydrocracking and Diesel Hydrotreating Applications: Flexibility Through Catalysis

Optimizing Hydroprocessing Catalyst Systems for Hydrocracking and Diesel Hydrotreating Applications: Flexibility Through Catalysis Optimizing Hydroprocessing Catalyst Systems for Hydrocracking and Diesel Hydrotreating Applications: Flexibility Through Catalysis Woody Shiflett Deputy Managing Director Charles Olsen Director, Distillate

More information

Alon Big Springs refinery

Alon Big Springs refinery Revamping for ULSD production A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater MIKE ROGERS Criterion Catalysts & Technologies KIRIT SANGHAVI

More information

Diesel Maximization: Putting a Straw on the FCC Feed AM Annual Meeting March 22-24, 2015 Marriott Rivercenter San Antonio, TX.

Diesel Maximization: Putting a Straw on the FCC Feed AM Annual Meeting March 22-24, 2015 Marriott Rivercenter San Antonio, TX. Annual Meeting March 22-24, 2015 Marriott Rivercenter San Antonio, TX AM-15-24 Diesel Maximization: Putting a Straw on the FCC Feed Presented By: Mike Rogers Criterion Catalysts & Technologies Ontario,

More information

Product Blending & Optimization Considerations. Chapters 12 & 14

Product Blending & Optimization Considerations. Chapters 12 & 14 Product Blending & Optimization Considerations Chapters 12 & 14 Gases Polymerization Sulfur Plant Sulfur Gas Sat Gas Plant LPG Butanes Fuel Gas Gas Separation & Stabilizer Light Naphtha Isomerization Alkyl

More information

Upgrading Residuum to Finished Products In Integrated Hydroprocessing Platforms: Solutions and Challenges

Upgrading Residuum to Finished Products In Integrated Hydroprocessing Platforms: Solutions and Challenges Annual Meeting March 19-21, 2006 Grand America Hotel Salt Lake City, UT Upgrading Residuum to Finished Products In Integrated Hydroprocessing Platforms: Solutions and Challenges Presented By: Sigrid Spieler

More information

Technologies & Construction Strategies for Clean Fuels Production in Africa. Stéphane Fédou

Technologies & Construction Strategies for Clean Fuels Production in Africa. Stéphane Fédou Technologies & Construction Strategies for Clean Fuels Production in Africa Stéphane Fédou 1 Activities Axens in Brief 5 markets covered Refining Petrochemicals Gases Alternatives & Renewables Water over

More information

Haldor Topsøe Optimising diesel yield and product properties in hydrocracking. Bettina Sander-Thomsen, New Delhi, April 2012

Haldor Topsøe Optimising diesel yield and product properties in hydrocracking. Bettina Sander-Thomsen, New Delhi, April 2012 Haldor Topsøe Optimising diesel yield and product properties in hydrocracking Bettina Sander-Thomsen, New Delhi, April 2012 Outline Topsøe in hydrocracking Importance of pretreatment Changes in feedstock

More information

Modernization of Libyan Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants

Modernization of Libyan Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants Modernization of Libyan Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants Presentation Contents 1. Introduction 2. Challenges Facing the Existing Libyan Oil refineries and Petrochemical Plants. 3. Refining and Petrochemical

More information

Petroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimization

Petroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimization An Intensive 10-Day Training Course Petroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimization 06-17 Dec 2015 03-14 Apr 2016 04-15 Dec 2016 Dubai, United Arab Emirates 18-OCT-15 This course

More information

EST technology: an advanced way to upgrade the bottom of the barrel G. Rispoli

EST technology: an advanced way to upgrade the bottom of the barrel G. Rispoli EST technology: an advanced way to upgrade the bottom of the barrel G. Rispoli OMC 2015 WORKSHOP: ADVANCED PROVEN TECHNOLOGIES INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY, SAFETY AND SECURITY Ravenna, 26th March 2015

More information

engineering technology for the future

engineering technology for the future GENOIL HYDROCONVERSION UPGRADER (GHU ) High Sulphur Heavy Crude and VTB / ATB Residue Upgrading engineering technology for the future TABLE OF CONTENTS engine ering te chnolog gy for th he future Section

More information

GTC Technology Day. 16 April Hotel Le Meridien New Delhi. Resid Upgrade and Sulfur Offerings

GTC Technology Day. 16 April Hotel Le Meridien New Delhi. Resid Upgrade and Sulfur Offerings 16 April Hotel Le Meridien New Delhi Resid Upgrade and Sulfur Offerings 10 3 bbl oil equivalent Unlock the Value of Heavy Oil Heavy Oil Processing is Increasingly Important in the Refining Industry 20000

More information

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah Catalytic Reforming Catalytic reforming is the process of transforming C 7 C 10 hydrocarbons with low octane numbers to aromatics and iso-paraffins which have high octane numbers. It is a highly endothermic

More information

Jagdish Rachh, TSC EMEA, 4 th October UniSim Design New Refining Reactors Deep Dive

Jagdish Rachh, TSC EMEA, 4 th October UniSim Design New Refining Reactors Deep Dive Jagdish Rachh, TSC EMEA, 4 th October 2018 UniSim Design New Refining Reactors Deep Dive Agenda 1 UniSim Design for Refining Overview Capabilities for Refiners UniSim Refinery Reactors Deep Dive UOP &

More information

Refining/Petrochemical Integration A New Paradigm. Anil Khatri, GTC Technology Coking and CatCracking Conference New Delhi - October 2013

Refining/Petrochemical Integration A New Paradigm. Anil Khatri, GTC Technology Coking and CatCracking Conference New Delhi - October 2013 Refining/Petrochemical Integration A New Paradigm Anil Khatri, GTC Technology Coking and CatCracking Conference New Delhi - October 2013 Presentation Themes Present integration schemes focus on propylene,

More information

Lummus Technology and GTC. FCC Gasoline Desulfurization with CDHDS+ /GT-BTX PluS. A World of Solutions

Lummus Technology and GTC. FCC Gasoline Desulfurization with CDHDS+ /GT-BTX PluS. A World of Solutions Lummus Technology and GTC FCC Gasoline Desulfurization with CDHDS+ /GT-BTX PluS A World of Solutions FCC Gasoline Desulfurization Technologies Lummus Technology is a leading licensor of Gasoline Desulfurization

More information

What is a refiner to do in order to ensure investments

What is a refiner to do in order to ensure investments Richard D. Street, Liz Allen, Justin Swain and Sal Torrisi, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies, USA, consider the benefits of producing ultra low sulfur diesel in order to meet future requirements. What

More information

Raising the Bar Premium Base Oils Produced by the All-Hydroprocessing Route

Raising the Bar Premium Base Oils Produced by the All-Hydroprocessing Route Raising the Bar Premium Base Oils Produced by the All-Hydroprocessing Route Presented at ARTC 7 th Annual Meeting April 2004 Singapore 2010-10-04 040098-Srinivasan Dr. Ashok Krishna Managing Director Chevron

More information

Maximizing Refinery Margins by Petrochemical Integration

Maximizing Refinery Margins by Petrochemical Integration Topic Maximizing Refinery Margins by Petrochemical Integration Presented by : Rajeev Singh Global Demand for Refined Products 29% 29% 29% 29% 30% 30% 33% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 22% 22%

More information

Enhance Naphtha Value and Gasoline Reformer Performance Using UOP s MaxEne TM Process

Enhance Naphtha Value and Gasoline Reformer Performance Using UOP s MaxEne TM Process Enhance Naphtha Value and Gasoline Reformer Performance Using UOP s MaxEne TM Process Mark Turowicz UOP IPL, A Honeywell Company 1st IndianOil Petrochemical Conclave March 16, 2012 Gurgaon, India 2011

More information

The Role of the Merox Process in the Era of Ultra Low Sulfur Transportation Fuels. 5 th EMEA Catalyst Technology Conference 3 & 4 March 2004

The Role of the Merox Process in the Era of Ultra Low Sulfur Transportation Fuels. 5 th EMEA Catalyst Technology Conference 3 & 4 March 2004 The Role of the Merox Process in the Era of Ultra Low Sulfur Transportation Fuels 5 th EMEA Catalyst Technology Conference 3 & 4 March 2004 Dennis Sullivan UOP LLC The specifications for transportation

More information

Technology Development within Alternative Fuels. Yves Scharff

Technology Development within Alternative Fuels. Yves Scharff Technology Development within Alternative Fuels Yves Scharff 1 Agenda Introduction Axens and Alternative Fuels Axens Renewable Iso-paraffins Route 2 Why Alternative Fuels? Environmental Regulation By 2020,

More information

A new simple and robust process FT-NIR Spectrometer with small footprint and extended maintenance interval

A new simple and robust process FT-NIR Spectrometer with small footprint and extended maintenance interval Thomas Buijs, Michael B. Simpson, ABB Quebec, BU MA Analytical Measurements Oil & Gas Industry A new simple and robust process FT-NIR Spectrometer with small footprint and extended maintenance interval

More information

WORLDWIDE REFINERY PROCESSING REVIEW. Third Quarter Hydrotreating

WORLDWIDE REFINERY PROCESSING REVIEW. Third Quarter Hydrotreating WORLDWIDE REFINERY PROCESSING REVIEW Monitoring Technology Development and Competition in One Single Source Third Quarter 2014 Hydrotreating HYDROCARBON PUBLISHING COMPANY Translating Knowledge into Profitability

More information

Boron-Based Technology: An Innovative Solution for Resid FCC Unit Performance Improvement

Boron-Based Technology: An Innovative Solution for Resid FCC Unit Performance Improvement Boron-Based Technology: An Innovative Solution for Resid FCC Unit Performance Improvement 1 Outline Development of BBT Platform BoroCat Borotec Boroflex 2 Shift in crude oil quality Trend in contaminant

More information

Unit 1. Naphtha Catalytic Reforming. Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna

Unit 1. Naphtha Catalytic Reforming. Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Unit 1. Naphtha Catalytic Reforming Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Introduction Catalytic reforming of heavy naphtha and isomerization of light naphtha constitute

More information

Leading the Way with Fixed Bed Resid Hydroprocessing Technologies

Leading the Way with Fixed Bed Resid Hydroprocessing Technologies Leading the Way with Fixed Bed Resid Hydroprocessing Technologies Babu Patrose, Ph.D FBR Product Segment Director Chris Dillon, Ph.D FBR Technical Service Manager Winnie Kuo Technical Service Engineer

More information

Ebullating Bed Dual Catalyst Systems from ART

Ebullating Bed Dual Catalyst Systems from ART Ebullating Bed Dual Catalyst Systems from ART Darryl Klein Global Technology Manager Balbir Lakhanpal Segment Director, Ebullating Bed Joanne Deady Vice-President, Marketing Advanced Refining Technologies

More information

The Chevron Pembroke oil

The Chevron Pembroke oil Modelling for ULSD optimisation On-line coordination and optimisation of refinery process units led to a 10% increase in middle distillate production KLAS DAHLGREN Apex Optimisation/Dynaproc AN RIGDEN

More information

Acombination. winning

Acombination. winning winning Acombination Gary M. Sieli, Lummus Technology, USA, and Nash Gupta, Chevron Lummus Global LLC, USA, discuss delayed coking and the LC-FINING ebullated bed hydrocracker technology. Refinery operations

More information

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah Catalytic Operations Fluidized Catalytic Cracking The fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is the heart of the refinery and is where heavy low-value petroleum stream such as vacuum gas oil (VGO) is

More information

Report. Refining Report. heat removal, lower crude preheat temperature,

Report. Refining Report. heat removal, lower crude preheat temperature, Delayed coker FCC feed hydrotreater FCCU Crude unit Hydrotreater Hydrotreater P r o c e s s i n g Better fractionation hikes yields, hydrotreater run lengths Scott Golden Process Consulting Services Houston

More information

Results Certified by Core Labs for Conoco Canada Ltd. Executive summary. Introduction

Results Certified by Core Labs for Conoco Canada Ltd. Executive summary. Introduction THE REPORT BELOW WAS GENERATED WITH FEEDSTOCK AND PRODUCT SAMPLES TAKEN BY CONOCO CANADA LTD, WHO USED CORE LABORATORIES, ONE OF THE LARGEST SERVICE PROVIDERS OF CORE AND FLUID ANALYSIS IN THE PETROLEUM

More information

Converting Visbreakers to Delayed Cokers - An Opportunity for European Refiners

Converting Visbreakers to Delayed Cokers - An Opportunity for European Refiners Converting Visbreakers to Delayed Cokers - An Opportunity for European Refiners European Coking.com Conference Sept. 30 - Oct. 2, 2008 Alex Broerse Lummus Technology a CB&I company Overview Introduction

More information

Bonus Report. Consider new technologies to increase diesel yield from bottom-of-the-barrel products. Refining Developments

Bonus Report. Consider new technologies to increase diesel yield from bottom-of-the-barrel products. Refining Developments Originally appeared in: November 212, pgs 61-7. Used with permission. Bonus Report Refining Developments L. Wisdom, J. Duddy and F. Morel, Axens, Princeton, New Jersey Consider new technologies to increase

More information

Outlook for India s Refining Landscape

Outlook for India s Refining Landscape Outlook for India s Refining Landscape Thank You Antony Francis Reliance Industries Ltd Singapore 9 th March 2017 Disclaimer Any statement, opinion, prediction, comment, or observation made in this presentation/publication

More information

OPPORTUNITY CRUDES: TO PROCESS OR NOT TO PROCESS?

OPPORTUNITY CRUDES: TO PROCESS OR NOT TO PROCESS? OPPORTUNITY CRUDES: TO PROCESS OR NOT TO PROCESS? Claire Weber Serena Yeung 1 Oct. 27, 2011 COQA Meeting Doubletree by Hilton Hotel Tulsa, Oklahoma HYDROCARBON PUBLISHING COMPANY Translating Knowledge

More information

Oxidative Desulfurization. IAEE Houston Chapter June 11, 2009

Oxidative Desulfurization. IAEE Houston Chapter June 11, 2009 Oxidative Desulfurization IAEE ouston Chapter June 11, 2009 Forward-Looking Statements This presentation contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933,

More information

Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy Agency.)[16,17]

Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy Agency.)[16,17] Introduction :Composition of petroleum,laboratory tests,refinery feedstocks and products Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy

More information

Despite the present economic crisis, demand for diesel fuels

Despite the present economic crisis, demand for diesel fuels Originally appeared in: November 2009, pgs 79-87. Used with permission. Refining Developments Hydrocracking solutions squeeze more ULSD from heavy ends New processing alternatives enable upgrading vacuum

More information

Stricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur. Gasoline sulphur content, ppm

Stricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur. Gasoline sulphur content, ppm Catalytic strategies to meet gasoline sulphur limits tricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur PATRICK GRIPKA, OPINDER BHAN, WE

More information

NEXT-LEVEL HYDROCRACKER FLEXIBILITY

NEXT-LEVEL HYDROCRACKER FLEXIBILITY NEXT-LEVEL HYDROCRACKER FLEXIBILITY UNLOCKING HIGH PERFORMANCE IN TODAY S TURBULENT MARKETS WHITE PAPER CONTENTS 1. POTENTIAL RESPONSES 5 1.1. Processing heavier, cheaper crudes 5 1.2. Processing non-standard

More information