Effect of ZFW / ZFWCG on Aircraft Operations

Transcription

1 Operational Liaison Meeting Fly-By-Wire Aircraft 2004 Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Customer Services

2 Contents Single-Aisle (SA) FM Architecture FAC Computation If Incorrect entered on the If Incorrect entered on the Long-Range (LR) FCMC/FE Architecture Control If Incorrect entered on the If Incorrect entered on the Airbus Recommendations Conclusion Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 2

3 Single-Aisle (SA) FM Architecture FAC Architecture Incorrect entered on the Incorrect entered on the

4 SA: FM Architecture The Flight Management computes the Gross Weight and the Center of Gravity based on: / entered by the pilot The fuel quantity indication (from the FQI) The fuel flow information (from the FADEC) Pilot input FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow FM Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 4

5 SA: FM Architecture The is displayed on the ECAM. Both the and are displayed on the s FUEL PRED page. Pilot input FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM display FM Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 5

6 SA: FM Architecture Both the and are used by the FM for predictions that include optimum managed speeds and operating speeds (Vls, Vapp, F, S and green dot ) Pilot input FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM display FM Predictions/ speeds Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 6

7 SA: FAC Architecture On the A320, the FAC computes its own and from aerodynamic data. These values have a minor impact on ELAC control laws and FG control laws, as they are used to adjust the gains of the flight control laws. Also, the FAC computes the operating speeds (Vls, F, S, O ) that are displayed on the PFD. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 7

8 SA: FAC Architecture Pilot Input FQI FADEC EXCEPT A318 Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM FM Predictions/Speeds ELAC Control laws ADIRS A/C Config Thrust THS Position FAC, Speeds Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 8 FG PFD Control laws

9 SA: FAC Architecture CRUISE EXCEPT A feet, or Speed above 250knots DESC CLIMB CONF1 Selection from FM = f(aoa) = f(ff) = = f(aoa) f(ff) Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 9 APPR from FM

10 SA: If Incorrect Entered The, computed by the FM and displayed on the ECAM, is incorrect. Incorrect FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM display FM Predictions/ speeds Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 10

11 SA: If Incorrect Entered The and, displayed on, are incorrect. Incorrect FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM display FM Predictions/ speeds Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 11

12 SA: If Incorrect Entered The FM predictions are affected. Incorrect FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM display FM Predictions/ speeds Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 12

13 SA: If Incorrect Entered A discrepancy can be observed between the operating speeds, displayed on the and those displayed on the PFD (PFD speeds are not affected (Except on the A318)). Incorrect FQI Fuel qty FADEC Fuel flow ECAM display ADIRS A/C Config Thrust THS Position FM Predictions/ speeds FAC speeds PFD Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 13

14 SA: If Incorrect Entered Incorrect ADIRS A/C Config Thrust THS position CHECK Message FQI Fuel qty FM Fuel flow Predictions FAC FADEC Comp., Speeds In flight if the error is significant, ECAM display the «CHECK» message ELAC automatically Control triggers lawsif the FG FM and Control FAC differ laws by more than 7 PFD tons. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 14

15 SA: If Incorrect Entered An incorrect has a minor impact on the predictions computed by the FM. There is an impact on the Vls and VApp that is displayed on the. On SA (except A318), there is no effect on the Vls displayed on PFD, due to the fact that, in flight, the FAC computes its own. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 15

16 SA: If Incorrect Entered In flight, the correct is not accessible: The pilot has no access to the FAC value (It is never displayed on the ECAM). In flight, the THS position is not representative of the current (depends on Mach, weight, altitude): In flight, the THS position does not enable the current to be determined. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 16

17 A318: FM and FAC Architecture Goal of the A318 FAC Standard: To cancel speed discrepancies between the and the PFD. A318 FAC Design: The FAC uses the /, computed by the FM, only for the computation of the operating speeds that are displayedon the PFD. The rest of the FAC architecture remains unchanged. In particular, the comparison between the computed by the FM and FAC (CHECK message). Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 17

18 A318: FM and FAC Architecture A318 Pilot Input FQI FADEC Fuel qty Fuel flow ECAM ADIRS A/C config Thrust THS position FM Predictions/ Speeds FAC FM /, ELAC Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 18 FG PFD Control laws Control laws Speeds

19 A318: FM and FAC Architecture The rest of the FAC architecture remains unchanged. The comparison between the computed by the FM and FAC still exists. (CHECK message) Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 19

20 A318: If Incorrect Entered As with the A320: Same effect on FM predictions/speeds The Speeds (Vls, F, S, O) that are displayed on the PFD are impacted in the same way as on the (no longer speed discrepancies). But V aprot, V amax and V SW are not affected since based on aerodynamic data. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 20

21 A318: If Incorrect Entered As with the A320: If the error if significant: The «CHECK» message automatically triggers once, in flight, if the FM and the FAC differs by more than 7 tons. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 21

22 A318: If Incorrect Entered As with the A320: Same effect on FM predictions / speeds. The VLS that is displayed on the PFD is impacted in the same way as on the. No PFD/ discrepancy But V aprot, V amax and V SW are not affected since based on aerodynamic data. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 22

23 Long-Range (LR) FCMC/FE Architecture Control If Incorrect entered on the If Incorrect entered on the

24 LR: FCMC/FE Architecture The Fuel Control and Monitoring Computer (FCMC) computes the and, based on the : Mandatory and ZF entered by the pilot, and The fuel quantities gauged in each individual tank. Pilot input Gauged fuel Pilot quantities input FCMC Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 24

25 LR: FCMC/FE Architecture The current and are displayed on the ECAM. They are also displayed on the s FUEL PRED page. And transmitted to the Flight Envelope (FE). Pilot input Gauged fuel Pilot quantities input FCMC ECAM Gauged fuel quantities FE FCMC / display Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 25

26 LR: FCMC/FE Architecture The FE transmits the and, computed by the FCMC, to the FM, PRIM and FG, for a use similar to that of Single-Aisle aircraft. Pilot input Gauged fuel Pilot quantities input FCMC ECAM Gauged fuel quantitiesfg FE FCMC / display Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 26 FM Predictions speeds Control laws PRIM Control laws

27 LR: FCMC/FE Architecture The and from FCMC are also used by the FE for computing the operating speeds displayed on the PFD. Pilot input Gauged fuel Pilot quantities input FCMC ECAM Gauged fuel quantitiesfg FE FCMC / display Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 27 FM Predictions speeds Control laws PRIM Control laws PFD Speeds

28 LR: Control The FCMC also ensures control according to the current and, It moves the backwards, and maintain the AFT target to reduce fuel consumption in cruise. Pilot input Gauged fuel quantities FCMC regulation Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 28

29 LR: AFT Target WEIGHT AFT target % AFT target Aft certified limit FCMC FUEL BURN AUTOMATIC TRIM TANK TRANSFER Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 29

30 LR: FE s Backup and A backup, along with the backup, are computed by the FE from aerodynamic data. It is used by the FM, FG and PRIMs, in case of a dual FCMC / failure. Speed or Mach Thrust Altitude THS Position Backup / Computation PRIM FE ELEVATOR Position Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 30

31 LR: EXCESS AFT Warning An EXCESS AFT warning is also generated independently from the computed by FCMC, in order to limit the AFT. FE Speed or Mach Thrust Altitude THS Position Backup / Computation PRIM FE ELEVATOR Position Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 31 AFT LIMIT

32 LR: If Incorrect Entered The that is computed by the FCMC is incorrect. The that is computed by the FCMC is also incorrect. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 32

33 LR: If Incorrect Entered The and displayed on ECAM/ are incorrect. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 33

34 LR: If Incorrect Entered The regulation is slightly affected, since the AFT target depends on the weight. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS But, the EXCESS AFT warning is not affected. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 34

35 LR: If Incorrect Entered The incorrect and are transmitted by the FE to the FM, FG and PRIM. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 35

36 LR: If Incorrect Entered The FM predictions/speeds will be affected Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 36

37 LR: If Incorrect Entered The FG and PRIM control laws are slightly affected. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 37

38 LR: If Incorrect Entered Vls, F, S, and green dot displayed on the PFD are affected. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 38

39 LR: If Incorrect Entered Vls, F, S, and green dot displayed on the PFD are affected. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation (slightly affected) ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) SPEEDS But V aprot, V amax and V SW are not affected since based on aerodynamic data. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 39

40 LR: If Incorrect Entered The computed by the FCMC is incorrect. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 40

41 LR: If Incorrect Entered Incorrect is displayed on the ECAM /. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 41

42 LR: If Incorrect Entered regulation may be affected. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS But the EXCESS AFT warning is not affected Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 42

43 LR: If Incorrect Entered The incorrect is transmitted by the FE to the FM, FG, PRIM and PFD. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 43

44 LR: If Incorrect Entered FM Predictions and speeds will be impacted.. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS SPEEDS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 44

45 LR: If Incorrect Entered FG and PRIM control laws are slightly affected. VLS displayed on PFD is impacted. Incorrect Gauged fuel quantities FCMC Regulation ECAM FE / display FM FG PREDICTION SPEEDS CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) PRIM PFD CONTROL LAWS (slightly affected) SPEEDS (VLS only) But V aprot, V amax and V SW are not affected since based on aerodynamic data. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 45

46 LR: If Incorrect Entered As with SA aircraft, the correct is not accessible: The pilot has no access to the FE value (It is never displayed on the ECAM). In flight, the THS position is not representative of the current (depends on Mach, weight, altitude): In flight, the THS position does not enable the to be determined. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 46

47 Airbus Recommendations

48 Airbus Recommendations FLIGHT PREPARATION LTS and ZF must be computed CAREFULLY. Incorrect and computation: May significantly affect predictions and speeds May significantly affect V1, V2, and VR computation. The only way for the crew to check, ZF, V1, V2, VR is EXPERIENCE Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 48

49 Airbus Recommendations Cockpit Preparation (All FBW) and ZF must be entered/ checked CAREFULLY LR FCOM Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 49

50 Airbus Recommendations Before Pushback, or Start, when the final LTS is available (All FBW): Check the final / ZF with the previously-entered data (FCOM ) Always check that TO is within the LTS operational limits, not the certified limits: The Operational limits include tolerance on cargo loading and passenger distribution The certified limits take no margin. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 50

51 Airbus Recommendations For the A330/A340 A discrepancy between the LTS and the ECAM may occur since: The LTS Fuel distribution is based on standard refuel distribution. Manual refueling with non standard distribution may inadvertently be performed. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 51

52 Airbus Recommendations For the A330/A340 In case of a greater than 2% discrepancy between the final LTS and the ECAM : Check that the / ZF have been entered correctly. If the discrepancy remains, rely on the ECAM. BUT, check that it is within the LTS operational limits (not the certified limits). The ECAM can also be crosschecked by using the LPC weight and balance module or the FCOM Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 52

53 Airbus Recommendations AIRBUS LPC Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 53

54 Airbus Recommendations For the A330/A340 In case of a less than 2% discrepancy between the final LTS and the ECAM : No further action is required. BUT, nevertheless, always check that the ECAM is within the the LTS operational limits. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 54

55 Conclusion Predictions and speed computations are impacted by /. On ground: LTS / should be carefully computed. The crew should carefully check these values and that TO is within the operational limits. However, in flight: / is also computed independently from these values: a crosscheck is available in flight (SA family) a crosscheck is available in flight (LR family) Protection speeds are not impacted by and ZF entered by the crew. Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 55

56 This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AN EADS JOINT COMPANY WITH BAE SYSTEMS Effect of / on Aircraft Operations Page 56