R&D Engineering Medium Speed PM & Dust: Comparison and determination of EC/OC content for marine Diesel engines exhaust for different fuels
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1 R&D Engineering Medium Speed PM & Dust: Comparison and determination of EC/OC content for marine Diesel engines exhaust for different fuels GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 1 >
2 Outline Motivation Methods Results Conclusions Acknowledgements GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 2 >
3 Motivation Particulate matter (PM) emissions from large 4-stroke medium speed Diesel engines show a significantly different composition compared to high speed Diesel passenger cars and trucks engines Different fuels are used in large medium speed Diesel engines Different methods exist for the determination of carbon PM content Therefore detailed measurements have been performed and different analyzing methods have been applied to determine the elemental carbon (EC) and the organic carbon (OC) content of the PM emission from large medium speed 4-stroke Diesel engines Furthermore different types of fuels have been investigated GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 3 >
4 Outline Motivation Methods Results Conclusions Acknowledgements GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 4 >
5 Measurement methods PM measurement according to ISO-8178 Dust measurement according to VDI-2066 equivalent to US EPA Method 17 / ISO-9096 / EN EC determination by filter smoke number (FSN), and Multi angle adsorption photometer (MAAP) measurements by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Fuel analysis performed by MAN Diesel SE and ASG Analytik-Service Gesellschaft mbh, Neusäss, Germany Analysis of the PM for EC and OC by various methods as well as sulfates (SO 4 ), sulfate bound water (H 2 O) and ash by Germanischer Lloyd (GL), Institut für Gefahrstoff-Forschung der Bergbau Berufsgenossenschaft an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IGF), Institute for Applied Environmental Research -Air Pollution Laboratory- Stockholm University and MAN Diesel SE GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 5 >
6 Dilution system for PM AVL 472 Smart Sampler Modular GEM140 Quartz (Pall QAO 2500) or Teflon (Pall Emfab TX40HI20) fiber filters Remark: Particulate measuring according to ISO-8178 is conclusively proven to be effective for fuel sulfur levels up to 0.8 w% only GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 6 >
7 In stack system for Dust 1: Pitot tube 2: Filter device with nozzle 3: Suction tube 4: Drying tower 5: Gas tight pump 6: Flow meter 7: Gas meter Paul Gothe Dust sampling system Quartz (Pall QAO 2500) fiber filters Remark: Dust measuring according to VDI-2066 is conclusively proven for dry flue gases only GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 <7>
8 DLR Mobile aerosol measuring system Absorption Photometer σ ap GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 8 >
9 EC / OC analyzing methods Part 1 BGI (ex. ZH 1/120.44), Coulometric-Method Thermo-desorption of 500 C in N 2 Thermo-desorption of C in O 2 VDI-2465 Blatt 1, Coulometric-Method with filter-split ½ filter: Thermo desorption of 650 C in O 2 ½ filter: Toluene-Propanol Extraction and thermo-desorption of 500 C in N 2 and Thermo- desorption of 650 C in O 2 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 5040 multi-stage thermo-optical method GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 <9>
10 EC / OC analyzing methods Part 2 VDI-2465 Blatt 2, Thermographic-Method Thermo-desorption of C in He Thermo-desorption of C in O 2 In-house method GL Improved VDI-2465 Blatt 2 after Extraction and Thermo-desorption of 700 C and 850 C Calculation of EC by AVL-415 filter smoke number (FSN) EC [mg/m³] = 1 / x 4.95 x FSN x e 0.38 x FSN Multi angle absorption photometer (MAAP) ambient atmospheric black carbon (BC) GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 <10>
11 EC / OC analyzing method Part 3: NIOSH 5040 method GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 <11>
12 Fuel properties Fuel Marine Diesel Palm Oil Animal Fat Heavy Fuel Natural Gas Oil (MDO) Oil (HFO) Test engine 8L40/54 1L32/44 1L32/44 1L32/44 18V32/40PGI Category Distillate Renewable Renewable Residue Gas Type DM-B grade Vegetable Animal RM grade Russian Viscosity [mm²/s] 40 C 50 C 50 C 50 C - 15 C [kg/m³] Hydrogen [% mass] % Methane Carbon [% mass] Sulfur [% mass] ppm 2.8 ppm ppm *) Nitrogen [% mass] Oxygen [% mass] Ash [% mass] Lower Heat Value Hu [kj/kg] 42,077 37,144 37,292 40,435 49,030 *) 20 mg/m³ Odorant C 4 H 8 S Tetrahydrothiophene (THT) GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 12 >
13 Test engines 8L40/ kw/cyl. 550 rpm 1L32/ kw/cyl. 750 rpm 18V32/40PGI 450 kw/cyl. 750 rpm GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 <13>
14 Outline Motivation Methods Results Conclusions Acknowledgements GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 14 >
15 PM emission and composition 8L40/54 test engine, MDO-operation GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 15 >
16 EC & OC analytical comparison 8L40/54 test engine, MDO-operation GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 16 >
17 PM EC & OC analytical vs. Dust 1L32/44 test engine, Palm-Oil GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 17 >
18 PM EC & OC analytical vs. Dust 1L32/44 test engine, Animal-Fat GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 18 >
19 PM vs. Dust 1L32/44 test engine, HFO GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 19 >
20 PM EC & OC analytical vs. Dust 32/40PGI test engine, Natural Gas GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 20 >
21 Outline Motivation Methods Results Conclusions Acknowledgements GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 21 >
22 Conclusions Part I The investigated analytical methods differ for determination on total carbon TC within a deviation of approx. 25% But the investigated analytical methods differ significantly for determination on OC up to 200% and EC up to 600% FSN and MAAP values indicate even lower EC values The following order can be given for the detection on EC MDO: BGI = VDI-2 = NIOSH >> VDI-1 = In-house >> FSN Palm: BGI >> VDI-1 = VDI-2 > In-house > NIOSH > MAAP > FSN Fat: BGI >> VDI-1 > VDI-2 > In-house = NIOSH >= MAAP HFO: In-house >= MAAP >= FSN Gas: BGI > VDI-1 = VDI-2 > In-house = NIOSH Dust measurement results exclude certain EC analytical values, e.g. by BGI, VDI-1 and VDI-2 methods GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 22 >
23 Conclusions Part II Dust measurement detects a significant fraction of volatile components like sulfates, sulfate bound water and OC, contrary to its definition Dependent on the fuel, NIOSH, in-house, MAAP and FSN methods may probably provide the more realistic EC values In general liquid renewable fuels show a lower EC emission value compared to liquid fossil fuels due to a more complete combustion by the oxygen content of the renewable fuel PM emission from gas engine is supposed to originate from lube oil PM from large four-stroke medium speed Diesel engines consists mainly of volatile material like sulfates & water and OC GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 23 >
24 Outline Motivation Methods Results Conclusions Acknowledgements GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 24 >
25 Acknowledgements This investigation was partly supported by the BMBF Project BioClean, Reducing emissions of climate-active gases and particulates from large Diesel engines for ship propulsion systems and stationary power supply by the application of fuels from renewable sources This investigation was partly supported by the FVV Project Dieselruß for an improved carbon determination Andreas Petzold, Jan Hasselbach: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany Claus Kurok: Germanischer Lloyd (GL), Hamburg, Germany Dirk Dahmann, Hajo Fricke: Institut für Gefahrstoff-Forschung (IGF) der Bergbau Berufsgenossenschaft an der Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 25 >
26 Thank you for your attention! MAN Diesel SE 2006/05/ /02/10 <26>
27 GEBE\Lauer\PM & Dust: determination of EC content_ _zurich MAN Diesel SE 2008/06/23 < 27 >
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