Hands-On Workshop: Hardware and Software Technical Training: MC33816 Programmable Solenoid Controller

Transcription

1 Hands-On Workshop: Hardware and Software Technical Training: MC33816 Programmable Solenoid Controller FTF-AUT-F0144 Tristan Bosvieux Application Engineer Terry Peterson Software Engineer A P R TM External Use

2 Session Introduction The goal of this training is to introduce you to the MC33816: The reason why this device was developed MC33816 device overview MC33816 development toolset Injector drive and DC-DC converter demos External Use 1

3 Session Objectives By completing this training, you will be able to: - Understand the MC33816 device concept - Get a clear idea of the analog and digital high level architectures - Be able to program the MC Be able to run injection and DC-DC conversion using the MC33816 External Use 2

4 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and Demo External Use 3

5 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 4

6 Why is the MC33816 Smart Injector Driver Important? Many engine manufacturers are turning to Direct Diesel Injection (DDI) and Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) to increase fuel efficiency and reduce engine emissions, hence the need for a smart injector driver. A smart injector driver can off-load tasks from the engine control unit s (ECU s) microcomputer (MCU) by performing the high-speed control algorithms and generating the high voltage necessary to produce the complex peak and hold injector current waveforms. External Use 5

7 Benefits of the MC33816 Reduces CPU loading of the MCU Fast current control loop Software interrupt management out of the MCU Integrated diagnostic circuitry Flexible solution for current profile management Integrated high voltage DC/DC converter control loop External Use 6

8 Typical Peak and Hold Injection Current Profile External Use 7

9 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 8

10 MC33816 Simplified Application Drawing Automotive (12 V), truck and industrial (24 V) applications - engine management systems GDI / DDI programmable pre-drivers Positioning and dithering of transmission valves Solenoid and valve actuation V BAT VBATT V BAT / V BOOST 5V VCC5 VCCIO VCC2P5 Logic Channel 1 µcore (x2) B_HSx G_HSx S_HSx 5 / Gate drive 5 (x2) / Diag x5 HS VCCP Code RAM MCU GPIO GPIO GPIO MOSI SCLK CSB MISO GPIO/ETPU GPIO ADC ADC GPIO 6 / 3 / CLK RESETB IRQB MOSI SCLK CSB MISO STARTx FLAGx OA_1 OA_2 DRVEN Data RAM Logic Channel 2 µcore (x2) Code RAM Data RAM D_LSx G_LSx VSENSEP1-3 VSENSEN1-3 G_LS7 VBOOST VSENSEP4 VSENSEN4 6 / Gate drive 6 / Diag / 3 (x2) Gate drive Feedback / 1 (x2) Boost supply V BOOST x6 LS x1 LS GND External Use 9

11 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 10

12 Communication Interfaces Connection with the MCU with 10 mbps SPI interface 6 start pins (STARTx pins) 3 general purpose I/Os (FLAGx pins) 1 MHz clock input creates a 6 MHz clock via internal PLL RESETB and IRQB pins Pre-driver enable input External Use 11

13 Power Supplies and Monitoring Boost voltage monitor input Integrated charge pump Integrated 7.0 V linear regulator (VCCP) for pre-driver power supply (must be externally supplied for 24 V battery systems), with under-voltage monitoring External VCC5 (5.0 V) supply input with under/over-voltage monitoring Integrated 2.5 V linear regulator for digital core supply, based on VCC5 input supply, with undervoltage monitoring Selectable VCCIO external supply (5.0 V or 3.3 V) for digital I/O Built-in temperature monitoring for additional protection External Use 12

14 Digital Logic Channel Overview and PLL 2 digital logic channels Each logic channel is comprised of: 2 µcores Code RAM: 1023 x 16-bit words Data RAM: 64 x 16-bit words For each logic channel, the µcores share the code and data RAM 6 MHz system typical clock provided by internal PLL referenced to external 1.0 MHz input clock (CLK) Internal backup 1 MHz clock provides loss of external clock protection automatically External Use 13

15 Digital Logic Channel - µcores (x4) Direct access to Data RAM Program counter Auxiliary register for Code RAM address storage for interrupt return Instruction decoder Direct access to Code RAM Arithmetic and Logical Unit 4 independent counters / end of count registers Flag bus direct access Communication with other device blocks External Use 14

16 High Side Pre-Drivers 5 high-side pre-drivers Require logic-level N-channel MOSFETs 4 programmable slew rates Bootstrap relative typical voltage 6.5 V to 7.9 V VS_HSx maximum is 72 V HS2, HS4 can drive MOSFETs referenced to VBAT or VBOOST HS1, HS3, HS5 can only drive MOSFETs referenced to VBAT Built-in bootstrap circuitry Requires external capacitor Built-in charge pump with 100% duty cycle capability No external capacitor required All high-side drivers can also be used as low-side drivers External Use 15

17 High Side Pre-drivers (5x) Low Drop Out 7V Regulator Provides VGS above VBOOST/VBAT for 100% duty cycle operation External bootstrap capacitor (HS1,HS3,HS5 VBAT Only) HS2 and HS4 ON/OFF command from µcore 4 selectable slew rates Pre-Driver Pull-Down Resistor External gate resistor (optional) External logic-level N-Channel MOSFET External Use 16

18 Low Side Pre-drivers 7 low-side drivers for driving logic level N-channel MOSFETs 4 programmable slew rates LS7 optionally dedicated to DC- DC converter External Use 17

19 Low Side Pre-Drivers (7x) Low Drop Out 7V Regulator External logic-level N-Channel MOSFET ON/OFF command from µcore External gate resistor (optional) 4 selectable slew rates Pull-Down Resistor Current Sense Resistor External Use 18

20 Vds and Vsrc Monitoring 5 independent high-side Vds monitors: 2 dedicated to VBOOST or VBAT voltage 3 dedicated to VBAT voltage only 5 independent high-side Vsrc monitors 6 independent low-side Vds monitors Threshold register access by microcode or via SPI External Use 19

21 Overview - Hardware TM VDS and VSRC Monitors 8 selectable VDS thresholds for high sides 8 selectable VRSC thresholds for high sides Comparators provide voltage threshold indications 8 selectable VDS thresholds for low sides External Use 20

22 Crossbar Switch The Crossbar Switch configures connections between µcores and analog resources µcore control of: Output command Slew rate Biasing Vds monitoring µcore control and enablement of current sense blocks µcore control and enablement of voltage monitoring blocks (VDS and VSRC) µcore control of boost DAC µcore enablement of boost voltage feedback External Use 21

23 Current Sense and OA_x Blocks 3 standard current measurement blocks single threshold current comparison Shunt resistor, connected to ground topology must be used 4 values of gain, selected by microcode or SPI VSENSE differential voltage can also be routed to OA_x pin ADC mode Automatic offset compensation External Use 22

24 Current Sense Blocks 1, 2 & 3 and OA_x Blocks Pre-Driver Ground referenced current sense resistor Analog MUX 8-bit DAC sets thresholds via SPI or µcore Differential amplifier External Use 23

25 Current Sense4 for DC/DC Converter 1 specific current measurement block triple threshold current comparison for DC-DC conversion in current mode Shunt resistor, connected to ground topology must be used 4 values of gain selected by microcode or SPI VSENSE differential voltage can be routed to OA_2 pin only ADC mode Automatic offset compensation External Use 24

26 DC/DC Converter Circuitry LS7 dedicated to BOOST DC/DC converter Current measurement block 4 dedicated to BOOST converter Boost voltage feedback with integrated divider Regulation loop controlled by means of microcode Ground referenced current sense resistor Triple threshold comparator 8-bit DACs set high and low thresholds via SPI or µcore 4-bit DAC sets negative threshold via SPI or µcore External Use 25

27 Miscellaneous Features Ground loss detection Code RAM memory BIST Cipher encryption of code RAM at download External digital I/Os able to sustain up to 18 V External Use 26

28 Flags Internal Flag Bus: Up to 16 internal digital flags available. Each flag value is the bitwise- AND combination of the signals issued from each of the 4 µcores Dominant value is 0 Optionally routed to device pins Flags Affectation Flag Number Pin Assigned Default Pin Type 0 to 2 FLAGx Digital I/O 3 to 8 STARTx Digital input 9 IRQB Digital Output 10 and 11 OA_x Analog Output 12 DBG Digital Output 13 to 15 No pin assigned External Use 27

29 Start Up Sequence External Use 28

30 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 29

31 Device Register Configuration Microcode (Code RAM): defines µcore behavior Data (Data RAM): storage of variables Channel Parameter Registers (CPR): configuration registers µcorespecific Diagnosis Configuration Registers (DCR): configures the diagnosis parameters Crossbar Configuration Registers (XCR): configures the IOs (routing, accesses) Main Configuration Registers (MCR): configures the structures that are not µcore-specific and not related to IOs External Use 30

32 Device Register Configuration Overview (SPI) Description Memory Page (Dec) Address Range (Dec) Code RAM Channel 1 1 (*) Code RAM Channel 2 2 (*) Data RAM Channel Data RAM Channel Configuration Registers for Ch Configuration Registers for Ch Diagnostic Registers Crossbar Configuration Registers Main Configuration Registers Selection Register All (**) (*) Memory Page # 3 is Code RAM common page. Writing this page will sequentially write both Memory Page # 1 and Page # 2. (**) This register is used to select the Memory Page. External Use 31

33 Software Programming Model Address 10 Code RAM 1023x16 16 Data RAM 64x16 µcore (x4) 6 Auxiliary Register 10 Address Base + Address 6 10 Address µpc Instruction Decoder Instructions Start Outputs Current Feedback Comparator Feedback 16 Data Diagnostic Intr. ALU 4 Counters & 4 EOC_Regs 8 x 16 4 TC 16 Flags 1x16 External Use 32

34 ALU Programming Model ALU Eight 16-bit General Purpose Registers r0 r7 r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 Immediate Register ir (r5) r6 mh 32-bit Register Condition Register condition ml r7 External Use 33

35 Software Instruction Set Overview 93 instructions in 7 categories: 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (27) 2. Configuration (29) 3. Diagnostic (3) 4. Interrupt and Subroutine (6) 5. Jump (16) 6. Load (9) 7. Wait (3) External Use 34

36 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 35

37 KIT33816AEEVM Evaluation Board Works together with SPIGen and the USB to SPI Dongle (KITUSBSPIDGLEVME) Programmed and controlled using SPI Generator (SPIGen) Software KIT33816AEEVM Configuration Files and S/W code External Use 36

38 MC33816 Development Studio Set configuration of MC33816 registers Calculation function for setting key values (Current, Voltage, Timings) Editing of Microcode through an editor defined by the user (Notepad++ or any other editor) Microcode assembly based on the MC33816 Assembler version 1.0 Projects can be saved and reloaded Direct access to SPI (SPIGen) Generator Software External Use 37

39 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 38

40 Application Example: 4 Cylinder Topology Bank # 1 Bank # 2: topology similar to bank # 1 Boost DC-DC converter External Use 39

41 Application Example: 6 Cylinder Topology Bank # 1 Bank # 2: topology similar to bank # 1 Boost DC-DC converter External Use 40

42 Waveforms: Banked Mode External Use 41

43 Software Routines Manage transitions. Current may be above or below threshold on entry, use appropriate state ON or OFF. Option on current control: Threshold then Toff Threshold to threshold (Current measurement 4 only) External Use 42

44 Typical Peak and Hold Injection Current Profile Hold then Time-off External Use 43

45 Boosted, Banked, Direct Injector Architecture One injector shown Common (banked) features are high side supplies and current feedback Individual cylinders get individual low side (LS) FETs External Use 44

46 Peak and Hold Sequencing: Initialization and OFF State All FETs off No current flow External Use 45

47 Peak ON (Boost) Bank 1 Boost ON Inj1 HS Bat OFF Inj1 Low side ON Vbat blocked by diode D1 Current rises to peak target External Use 46

48 Overview - Software TM Focus on Flow Control Instructions: Wait Wait List Each µcore has a 5 row wait table. 1 Cond1 Address Instruction n1 Each row can be loaded with a condition and a destination ( cwer/f ). When a wait instruction is executed, the flow is stopped until one of the enabled condition is true. The flow resumes at the address in the same row of the fulfilled condition Cond2 Cond3 Cond 4 Cond 5 Address Instruction n2 Address Instruction n3 Address Instruction n4 Address Instruction n5 Condition Tester Condition Tester Condition Tester Result MUX Condition selector Priority selector Address Result Condition Tester Condition Tester Control signals Instruction cwer/f dest cond row : Load the selected line in the wait table with the destination address and condition specified as parameters. Instruction wait mask : Stop the code execution and enables the row of the wait table specified by mask parameter. When the condition on one of the enabled rows is met, the code execution resumes at the corresponding address. cwer peak_cl_high tc2 row1; cwer hold_start tc1 row2; cwer peak_cl_low ocur row3; peak_cl_low: ldcd rst _ofs off on TbOFF c2; * turn off HS and load TbOFF in counter 2 * wait row12; * wait until row1: counter 2 tc * * row2: peak phase is finished * peak_cl_high: ldcd rst _ofs on on 0 c2; * turn on HS * wait row23; * wait until row3: current above threshold * * row2: peak phase is finished * External Use 47

49 Peak OFF Bank 1 Boost OFF Inj1 HS Bat OFF Inj1 Low side ON Current recirculates through D2 and decays Peak phase is combination of Peak ON and Peak OFF External Use 48

50 Peak ON Bank 1 Boost OFF Inj1 HS Bat OFF Inj1 Low side ON Current recirculates through D2 and decays Peak phase is a combination of Peak ON and Peak OFF External Use 49

51 Peak Decay Bank 1 HS Boost OFF Bank 1 HS Bat OFF Inj1 LS OFF Current recirculates through D2 and D3 High voltage energy recovery to boost supply capacitor Faster decay rate than Peak OFF External Use 50

52 Hold ON Bank 1 HS Boost OFF Bank 1 HS Bat ON Inj1 LS ON Current rises to hold target External Use 51

53 Hold OFF Same as Peak OFF Bank 1 HS Boost OFF Bank 1 HS Bat OFF Inj1 LS ON Current recirculates through D2 and decays Hold phase is a combination of Hold ON and Hold OFF External Use 52

54 End of Injection Same as Peak Decay Bank 1 HS Boost OFF Bank 1 HS Bat OFF Inj1 LS OFF Current recirculates through D2 and D3 High voltage energy recovery to boost supply capacitor External Use 53

55 Peak and Hold Sequencing: Full Code External Use 54

56 Agenda The Reason Why this Device was Developed MC33816 Concept Overview MC33816 Hardware Overview MC33816 Software Overview MC33816 Development Toolset Injector Drive Coding and Demo DC-DC Converter Coding and demo External Use 55

57 Filter Filter DC/DC Converter Parameter Definition ManageHysteretic conversion mode: variable frequency Async Phase: current automatic regulation between MaxCurrent and MinCurrent up to Vboost>VboostHigh Sync Phase: MOSFET off until Vboost < VboostLow Vboost LS7 gate Isense4 ILS7 VboostHigh VboostLow MaxCurrent MinCurrent Iboostcap MaxCurrent must be lower than the inductor saturation current Async Sync Time Filter (ustime) is used to filter Vboost feedback Phase Phase External Use 56

58 Filter Filter DC/DC Converter Parameter Definition (con t) Initialization phase: Set current threshold Set boost voltage condition Vboost LS7 gate Isense4 VboostHigh VboostLow MaxCurrent MinCurrent ILS7 Iboostcap Async Phase Sync Phase Time External Use 57

59 Overview - Software TM Focus on the DAC Configuration Instruction The instruction stdm sel allows to select the dac mode. It can be null, dac(default), offset or full. stdm Parame ter R/W access for the UcReg parameters dac_sssc, dac_ossc_dac_ssoc and dac_osoc null No access boost_dac[7,0] R/W access for the UcReg parameter dac_4h4n dac (default) dac_value_1 [7,0] dac_value_2 [7,0] dac_ value_3 [7,0] dac_value_4l [7,0] dac_value_4h [7,0] Offset dac_offset_1 [13, 8] dac_offset_2 [13, 8] dac_ offset_3 [13, 8] dac_offset_4 [13, 8] full. dac_value_1 [7,0] and dac_offset_1 [13, 8] dac_value_2 [7,0] and dac_offset_2 [13, 8] dac_ value_3 [7,0] and dac_ offset_3 [13, 8] dac_value_4l [7,0] and dac_offset_4 [13, 8] dac_value_4neg [11,8] dac_value_4neg [11,8] and dac_value_4h [7,0] External Use 58

60 ILS7 Isense4 Filter Filter DC/DC Converter: Async Phase LS7 is ON until Isense4 >MaxCurrent Current flowing through the inductor and the LS7 MOSFET Async phase up to Vboost>VboostHigh Vboost LS7 gate Isense4 VboostHigh VboostLow MaxCurrent MinCurrent ILS7 ON Iboostcap Async Sync Time Phase Phase External Use 59

61 Isense4 Iboostcap Filter Filter DC/DC Converter: Async Phase (con t) LS7 is OFF until Isense4 < MinCurrent Current flowing through the diode and charging the capacitor Async phase up to Vboost>VboostHigh Vboost LS7 gate Isense4 VboostHigh VboostLow MaxCurrent MinCurrent ILS7 OFF Iboostcap Async Sync Time Phase Phase External Use 60

62 Isense4 TM Filter Filter DC/DC Converter: Sync Phase LS7 is OFF until Vboost < VboostLow Vboost VboostHigh VboostLow OFF LS7 gate Isense4 MaxCurrent MinCurrent ILS7 Iboostcap Async Phase Sync Phase Time External Use 61

63 Filter Filter DC/DC Converter: Idle Phase LS7 is OFF while injection boost phase is on going Vboost VboostHigh VboostLow Iload OFF LS7 gate Isense4 MaxCurrent MinCurrent ILS7 Iboostcap Async Phase Sync Phase Time External Use 62

64 Filter Filter DC/DC Converter: Full Code Vboost VboostHigh VboostLow LS7 gate MaxCurrent Isense4 MinCurrent ILS7 Iboostcap Async Phase Sync Phase Time External Use 63

65 Session Summary By now, you should be able to: Effectively describe, at a high level, the MC33816 and how it is used in customers designs Develop your own solenoid drive microcode Develop your own DC-DC converter microcode Compile and run your microcode on the KIT33816AEEVM External Use 64

66 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. External Use