3. Air-conditioning. Overview. System description. How to select FLOW THINKING. System/products Product description

Transcription

1 FLOW HINKING 3. Air-conditioning Overview System/products Product description System description Primary pumps Cooling towers Dry cooler Secondary pumps Cooling surfaces Cooling ceilings/floors Fan coils Heat recovery Pressure holding Primary pumps Cooling towers Dry cooler Secondary pumps Cooling surfaces Cooling ceilings/floors Fan coils

2 FLOW HINKING Overview SYSES/PRODUCS Cooling tower Heat recovery Fan coils Cooling ceiling Pressure holding Cooling surface Chiller Primary pump Buffer tank Secondary pumps Product ype System ype UPS Series 100 UPS Series 200 PE Series 2000 P PE Series 1000 NB/NK NBE/NKE Series 1000 HS CR/CRE Primary pumps - chiller pumps Secondary pumps - main pumps Cooling tower Dry coolers Cooling surfaces Cooling ceiling/floors Fan coils Heat recovery Pressure holding X X X X X X O X O X X O O X O X X O X O X O O O X X O O X O O X X X X X X X First choice = X Second choice = O 48

3 Overview PRODUCS / COUNICAION PC User level (BS supply) Sub-station level (BS supply) Component level (Grundfos) PU G10 t p t p Product ype Communication UPS Series 100 UPS Series 200 UPE Series 2000 PE Series 2000 P PE Series 1000 NB/NK NBE/NKE Series 1000 HS CR CRE External alarm Remote control GENIbus LONbus External Start/Stop Analog input External sensor First choice = X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Second choice = O 49

4 FLOW HINKING Overview PRODUCS / CONROLS p Functionality Used in ax. kw connection pump size with PU anagement unit for up to 8 pumps PE Series kw PFU Preset controller for up to 4 pumps Inline E-pumps 22 kw Delta Control Complete control panel for up to 4 pumps In-Line E-pumps Endsuction E-Pumps In-Line 22 kw 630 kw PCU Contact unit for up to 4 pumps PU PFU 50

5 Overview PRODUC RANGE Air-conditioning Product Range Survey curve 50 Hz H[m] NB: 0,37-30 kw NK: 0, kw P: 0, kw PE Series ,37-7,5 kw PE/NBE/NKE Series ,37-22 kw HS: kw UPS Series 100 UPS Series 200 PE Series 1000 PE Series ,06-2,2 kw Q[m 3 /h] 51

6 FLOW HINKING Overview FEAURES / BENEFIS Features Benefits SELECION Wide product range Wide system range Support tools SELECION Only one supplier Easy selection Safe selection INSALLAION Easy electrical connection Easy access to speed regulator Clear user interface Integrated frequency converter No need for motor protection INSALLAION Easy/safe installation Safe/quick start up Quick start up Safe installation Lower installation cost OPERAION Very low noise level High quality materials Variable speed High efficiency OPERAION High comfort Durability and Reliability Energy saving and Controllability Low operation cost 52

7 Overview UPS SERIES 100 ECHNICAL DAA emperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing -25 to +110 C PN 10 (10 bar) 25W to 250W 1 to 3 speed Unions; Flanges 130 to 250 mm Cast iron; Bronze Stainless Steel COUNICAION No AIN PRODUC FEAURES Easy electrical connection Easy access to speed switch Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Wide application range H[m] UPS Series 100 AIN CUSOER BENEFIS 2.0 Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier 2 years warranty End user: aintenance free Durability Low operating cost High comfort Q[m³/h] 53

8 FLOW HINKING Overview UPS SERIES 200 ECHNICAL DAA emperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing -10 to +120 C PN 10 (10 bar) 250W to 2200W 3 speed Flanges (PN6/10) 220 to 450 mm Cast iron; Bronze COUNICAION Alarm module GENIbus module (accessories) (accessories) AIN PRODUC FEAURES Easy electrical connection Water lubricated bearings Very low noise level High quality material High efficiency otor protection module Wide product range Wide application range H[m] 20 UPS Series 200 AIN CUSOER BENEFIS 10 6 Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier Easy to start-up End user: Long lifetime aintenance free Low operating cost High comfort Q[m³/h] 54

9 Overview PE SERIES 2000 ECHNICAL DAA emperature Pressure Power range Speed Connections Port to port Pump housing -25 to +140 C PN 16 (16 bar) 0.37kW to 7.5kW Variable speed Flanges 280 to 450 mm Cast iron COUNICAION Alarm relay Digital input Anlog input GENIbus AIN PRODUC FEAURES Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter Integrated diff. pressure sensor High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Catephoresis coated Communication H[m] PE Series 2000 AIN CUSOER BENEFIS Installer: Easy installation Easy start-up Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost High comfort Access to operation data Q[m³/h] 55

10 FLOW HINKING Overview P ECHNICAL DAA emperature -25 to +150 C Pressure PN 10/16/25 Power range 0.37kW to 630kW Speed 1 speed Connections Flanges Port to port 280 to 1400 mm Pump housing Cast iron; Bronze COUNICAION None AIN PRODUC FEAURES High quality material High efficiency Wide product range win head pumps Wide application range Standard motor Cataphoresis treated AIN CUSOER BENEFIS H[m] P Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Low operating cost High comfort Q[m³/h] 56

11 Overview PE SERIES 1000 ECHNICAL DAA emperature -25 to C Pressure PN 16 (16 bar) Power range 1.1kW to 22kW Speed Variable speed Connections Flanges Port to port 280 to 450 mm Pump housing Cast iron COUNICAION Alarm relay Digital input Anlog input GENIbus AIN PRODUC FEAURES Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Catephoresis coated Communication AIN CUSOER BENEFIS H[m] PE Series 1000 Installer: Easy installation Easy start-up Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost High comfort Access to operation data Q[m³/h] 57

12 FLOW HINKING Overview NB/NK ECHNICAL DAA emperature -10 to C Pressure PN 16 ( 16 bar ) Power range 0.37 KW to 315 KW Speed 50 Hz, 2-4 and 6 pol Connections DN Pump housing Cast iron; Bronze COUNICAION None AIN PRODUC FEAURES Flexibility High quality material High efficiency Wide product range Spacer coupling Wide application range Standard motor AIN CUSOER BENEFIS Installer: Easy installation Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Low operating cost H[m] NB/NK Q[m³/h] 58

13 Overview NBE/NKE ECHNICAL DAA emperature -10 to +140 C Pressure PN 16 ( 16 bar ) Power range 0.75 KW to 7.5 KW Speed Variable Connections DN Pump housing Cast iron COUNICAION Alarm relay Digital input Anlog input GENIbus AIN PRODUC FEAURES Easy electrical connection Integrated frequency converter High quality material High efficiency No need for motor protection Wide product range Communication H[m] NBE/NKE AIN CUSOER BENEFIS 20 Installer: Easy installation Easy start-up Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Very low operating cost High comfort Access to operation data Q[m³/h] 59

14 FLOW HINKING Overview HS ECHNICAL DAA emperature -8 to C Pressure PN 16 ( 16 bar ) Power range 1.5 KW to 900 KW Speed 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 2 and 4 pol Flanges ø mm Pump housing Cast iron COUNICAION None AIN PRODUC FEAURES Flexibility High quality material High efficiency Wide product range echanical seal Spacer coupling Wide application range Standard motor Available in special material and flange options AIN CUSOER BENEFIS Installer: Easy installation and maintenance Only one supplier End user: Long lifetime Low operating cost H[m] HS Q[m³/h] 60

15 System description PRIARY PUP (CHILLER PUP) FUNCION Application with one chiller. he chiller is fitted with temperature sensors which control the temperature difference depending on the cooling load. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no freezing up of the evaporator coils. Because of this, a constant water flow is required and usually a fixed speed pump is installed. Control is normally via a regulating valve, but it may be possible to use a variable speed pump which is controlled according to the start/stop sequence of the chiller. Chiller pump Chiller pump adjusted with a valve adjusted with a pump DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type Head ax. speed adjusted with a valve PE Series NK + External freq. converter P + External freq. converter HS + External freq. converter Power p valve Correct flow INSALLAION Pump is set to uncontrolled operation and then adjusted to the correct flow. It is easily done with the remote control R100. Pump terminals for start/stop input are connected. o secure a high comfort a standby pump can be added. Controller PFU will be used for alternation between two pumps. Head Power ax. speed adjusted with a variable speed pump Reduced speed Correct flow 61

16 FLOW HINKING System description PRIARY PUP (CHILLER PUP) FUNCION 2 chillers are connected in parallel, each having their own pump. he chillers have their own control systems and as there is a risk of ice forming inside the evaporators, a constant water flow is recommended. he chillers run in cascade with the pumps being controlled by a start/stop signal from the chillers. On start, pumps start before the chillers start. On stop, pumps stop just after the chillers stop. With fixed speed (uncontrolled) pumps there is a variation of pressure in the circuit hence a flow variation. See diagram Solution: Using variable speed pumps the pressure drops through the evaporators are controlled by differential pressure sensors. In order to keep this pressure constant, pump performances are controlled, the right flow attained and energy consumption minimized. H p p p will increase when 2 pumps are running Duty point when 2 pumps are running DIENSIONING H2 H1 Duty point when 1 pump is running per Pump m³/h Pump type PE Series NK + External freq. converter P + External freq. converter HS + External freq. converter H Q2 Q1 Q Uncontrolled pump Duty point when 2 pumps are running INSALLAION Pump is set to controlled operation ( p control). It is easily done with the remote control R100. Pump terminals for start/stop input are connected. o secure a high comfort, a standby pump can be added. Controller PFU will be used for alternation between two pumps. H2 H1 Q2 Duty point when 1 pump is running Q Variable speed pump 62

17 System description DRY COOLER FUNCION he chiller varies its performance according to the cooling demand of the system. It is recommended that the system has a constant flow, normally adjusted by an regulating valve. It may be an advantage to use a variable speed pump which can provide a financially viable alternative. adjusted with a valve DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type adjusted with a pump PE Series NK + External freq. converter Head ax. speed adjusted with a valve P + External freq. converter p valve HS + External freq. converter Power In such systems, risk of frost will involve the use of glycol mixture. Correct flow INSALLAION Pump is set to uncontrolled operation and then adjusted to the correct flow. It is easily done with the remote control R100. o secure a high comfort, a standby pump can be added. Controller PFU has to be used for alternation between two pumps. Head Power ax. speed adjusted with a pump Reduced speed Correct flow 63

18 FLOW HINKING System description COOLING OWERS FUNCION he chiller varies its performance according to the cooling demand of the system. he cooling tower has to be controlled, in order to keep a constant return water temperature for the condenser. Usually, the cooling tower water flow is controlled by a three-way valve. he condenser has a constant flow, normally adjusted by a regulating valve. As an alternative, we recommend control of cooling tower water flow by variable speed pumps. Pumps adapt their speed according to the return water temperature measured by the sensor. he complete system has a variable flow, and therefore maximum energy savings can be obtained. DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type PE Series NK + External freq. converter in % P + External freq. converter HS + External freq. converter Hours/year In such systems, risk of frost will involve the use of glycol mixture. Parallel operation INSALLAION emperature sensor is placed on the return pipe. When using PE Series 1000, no motor protection is necessary, but for bigger systems, a pump control unit must be added for parallel operation. For bigger systems, motor protection and pump control unit are necessary. An open cooling tower must be located on the upper point of the circuit. his in order to obtain a sufficient inlet pressure to avoid cavitation in the pump. 30% 50% 75% 100% 64

19 System description SECONDARY PUPS (AIN PUPS) FUNCION Installation with 2 way valves. he demand for cooling varies greatly during the year. When the installation is equipped with twoway valves, the flow is variable. In this case we recommend the use of variable speed pumps installed in parallel as main pumps. Using a PFU controller a maximum of 4 pumps can be controlled. By varying the speed of all the pumps, maximum energy savings can be obtained. in % DIENSIONING Hours/year per Pump m³/h Pump type PE Series PE Series NK + External freq. converter P + External freq. converter 30% 50% 75% 100% HS + External freq. converter Duty point with a high number of operating hours It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point, where the system has a high number of operating hours. INSALLAION Using PE Series 2000, no external pressure sensor and motor protection is necessary, only a PU is needed for parallel operation. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system. For bigger systems, both external sensor, motor protection and a pump control unit is necessary. Buffer tank When pumps are installed in parallel non-return valves must be installed 65

20 FLOW HINKING System description SECONDARY PUPS (AIN PUPS) FUNCION he demand for cooling varies greatly during the year. When the installation is equipped with threeway valves, the flow around the primary circuit is constant, with the flow to the room coolers being controlled by the three way valves. When the cooling demand is low, water coming from the chiller is by-passed and the return temperature is reduced. If the chiller is not controlled by this return temperature, we recommend the use of variable speed pumps mounted in parallel up to a maximum of 4 pumps. By controlling the speed of all the pumps, the return temperature is maintained, and maximum energy savings obtained. t DIENSIONING per Pump Pump type m³/h PE Series NK + External freq. converter P + External freq. converter in % Hours/year HS + External freq. converter INSALLAION Parallel operation emperature sensor is placed on the return pipe after the last connecting point. Using PE Series 1000, no motor protection is necessary, but for bigger systems, a pump control unit must be added for parallel operation. For bigger systems, motor protection and pump control unit are necessary. 30% 50% 75% 100% 66

21 System description COOLING SURFACE FUNCION A cooler battery cools the air, which is blown into the building through the air conditioning system. he temperature in the cooler battery is dependent on the outside temperature and is controlled via the air conditioning system s control unit. o ensure a good heat transmission coefficient, the system requires a constant flow. he cooler battery output is controlled by a temperature controller, using a mixing circuit equipped with either a two-way or three-way valve. Normally the flow is adjusted by a regulating Valve but it may be an advantage to use a variable speed pump. adjusted with a valve adjusted with a pump DIENSIONING per Pump Pump type m³/h PE Series 1000 Head ax. speed adjusted with a valve p valve Power Correct flow INSALLAION PE Series 1000: he pump is set at uncontrolled mode, and then adjusted to the correct flow. his is easily done with remote control R100. Head ax. speed adjusted with a pump Reduced speed Power Correct flow 67

22 FLOW HINKING System description COOLING CEILING/FLOORS FUNCION Due to the risk of condensation, the flow temperature through a chilled beam/floor network must be higher than the temperature in the pipework from the chiller. A mixing circuit equipped with either two-way or three-way valves controls this temperature. Due to variation in use and cooling demand in different parts of the building, the cooling duty of the chilled beam / floor network is controlled by two-way valves via a room control unit. By varying the speed of the pump, it is possible to increase the electrical energy saving of the system. 15 C 6 C 18 C DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type PE Series It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point where the system has a high number of operating hours. in % Hours/year INSALLAION Using PE Series 2000 there is no need for an external pressure sensor and a motor protection. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system. 30% 50% 75% 100% Duty point with a high number of operating hours 68

23 System description FAN COILS FUNCION In order to avoid too cold air flow, the flow temperature through the fan coil network must be higher the water temperature from the chiller. A mixing circuit with either two-way or three-way valves controls this temperature. Due to variation in use and cooling demand in different parts of the building, the cooling duty of the fan coil network is controlled by two-way valves via a room control unit. By varying the speed of the pump, it is possible to increase the electrical energy saving of the system. 10 C 15 C 6 C DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type PE Series It is important to check the efficiency at the duty point where the system has a high number of operating hours. in % Hours/year INSALLAION Using PE Series 2000 there is no need for an external pressure sensor and a motor protection. It is possible to have proportional pressure without a sensor placed in the system. 30% 50% 75% 100% Duty point with a high number of operating hours 69

24 FLOW HINKING System description HEA RECOVERY FUNCION If there is a demand for Domestic Hot Water when the air conditioning system is in operation it is a god idea to recover the enery from the condenser to preheat the water. It can be done in a storage tank or via a heat exchanger. he pump most only be in operation together with the chiller and when the temperature of the cold water is below the temperature in the condenser. his can be secured by either an ON/OFF control or a temperature controlled pump. DHW DCW DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type ON/OFF operation PE Series 1000 ON INSALLAION Using temperature control the maximum allowed coming back to the condenser will be the set point and can be measured in the bottom of the storage tank. he Start/Stop function for in the pump can be used. H OFF emperature control ime 50% 100% Q 70

25 System description PRESSURE HOLDING FUNCION In stead of using a large closed pressure tank, one or more pumps together with an open storage tank will keep a constant static pressure in the system. If the system pressure is exceeding the allowable level a relief valve will lead the water back to the tank. It is recommended to use treated water. p DIENSIONING per Pump m³/h Pump type 5-60 CR/CRE Hydro 2000 H Set point INSALLAION It is recommendable always to install a standby pump. If the system is used for refilling the system please note that there is a risk of cavitation in the pump when the system pressure is very low. o avoid this the flow from the pump has to to be throttled down. ax. flow Q H Cavitation risk Q 71

26 FLOW HINKING PRIARY CIRCULAING PUPS QUICK GUIDE FOR SELECING PUP YPE Step 1: Define total m² cooled area ex. 250,000 m² Step 2: Define the cooling demand per m² ex. 50 W/m² (total cooling demand 12,500 kw) Step 3: Define the t of the system ex. t 5 C (flow 2,150 m³/h) Step 4: Define the p of the pump ex. 45 m Step 5: Find the exact pump in the data booklet ex. 3x NK / kw Cooling demand in [kw] 100,000 10,000 1, W/m² = Old building (low insulation) 75 W/m² = Old building (medium insulation) 50 W/m² = New building (high insulation) W/m² = 100 W/m² = 75 W/m² = 50 t = 10 C ex. (t F 8 C - t R 18 C) t = 5 C ex. (t F 6 C - t R 11 C) , ,000 1,000,000 Cooled area in [m²] t = 10 C t = 5 C = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 4-5 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) Heat in [m] ,000 in [m³/h] 72

27 PRIARY CIRCULAING PUPS QUICK GUIDE FOR SELECING PUP YPE Step 1: Define total m² cooled area Step 2: Define the cooling loss per m² Step 3: Define the t in the system Step 4: Define the p of the pump Step 5: Find the exact pump in the data booklet Cooling demand in [kw] 100,000 10,000 1, W/m² = Old building (low insulation) 75 W/m² = Old building (medium insulation) 50 W/m² = New building (high insulation) W/m² = 100 W/m² = 75 W/m² = 50 t = 10 C ex. (t F 8 C - t R 18 C) t = 5 C ex. (t F 6 C - t R 11 C) , ,000 1,000,000 Cooled area in [m²] t = 10 C t = 5 C = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (wet runner) = 1 pump + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 2 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) = 3 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) Heat in [m] 10 5 = 4-5 pumps + 1 stand-by pump (dry runner) ,000 in [m³/h] 73

28 FLOW HINKING SECONDARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: 250,000 m² new building 50 W/m² Cooling demand: (250,0000 m² x 0.05kW/m²) 12,500 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C t: (11 C 6 C) 5 C Liquid: Water ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m³/h p with max. flow (2,150 m³/h): 45 m Buffertank t R Distribution net t F SELECION: SYSE 1 2 Constant speed pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x NK /409 otor size: 3 x 200 kw he system is built with 3-way valves, which gives a constant flow. he pumps are stopped when the cooling demand is low. Operating hours per year: 1,930 hours ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 1, ,060 otal 1,930 otal 660,060 74

29 3. Air-conditioning SECONDARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: 250,000 m² new building 50 W/m² Cooling demand: (250,0000 m² x 0.05kW/m²) 12,500 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C t: (11 C 6 C) 5 C Liquid: Water ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m³/h p with max. flow (2,150 m³/h): 45 m Buffertank t R Distribution net SELECION: SYSE 2 t F 2 Speed controlled pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x NK /409 otor size: 3 x 200 kw he system is built with 3-way valves, which gives a constant flow. he pumps are controlled by means of a temperature sensor. Low cooling demand will decrease the return temperature. When the temperature decreases, the pump speed will also decrease. Operating hours per year: 2,930 hours ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , , , ,438 otal 2,930 otal 528,278 75

30 FLOW HINKING SECONDARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: 250,000 m² new building 50 W/m² Cooling demand: (250,0000 m² x 0.05kW/m²) 12,500 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C t: (11 C 6 C) 5 C Liquid: Water ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m³/h p with max. flow (2,150 m³/h): 45 m Buffertank t R Distribution net SELECION: SYSE 3 t F 2 Constant speed pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 3 x NK /409 otor size: 3 x 200 kw he system is built with 2-way valves, which gives a varible flow. Variation in the flow: 100% flow for 5% hours 75% flow for 10% hours 50% flow for 35% hours 30% flow for 50% hours Operating hours per year: 2,930 hours ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , , , ,488 otal 2,930 otal 571,912 76

31 SECONDARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: 250,000 m² new building 50 W/m² Cooling demand: (250,0000 m² x 0.05kW/m²) 12,500 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C t: (11 C 6 C) 5 C Liquid: Water ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m³/h p with max. flow (2,150 m³/h): 45 m Buffertank t R Distribution net SELECION: SYSE 4 t F 2 Constant speed pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 4 x NK /400 otor size: 4 x 132 kw he system is built with 2-way valves, which gives a varible flow. Variation in the flow: p pumps = constant pressure 100% flow for 5% hours 75% flow for 10% hours 50% flow for 35% hours p 30% flow for 50% hours Operating hours per year: 2,930 hours ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , , , ,200 otal 2,930 otal 457,304 77

32 FLOW HINKING SECONDARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: 250,000 m² new building 50 W/m² Cooling demand: (250,0000 m² x 0.05kW/m²) 12,500 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C t: (11 C 6 C) 5 C Liquid: Water ((12,500 x 0.86)/5) 2,150 m³/h p with max. flow (2,150 m³/h): 45 m Buffertank t R Distribution net SELECION: SYSE 5 t F 3 Speed controlled pumps + 1 stand-by pump Selected pump: 4 x NK /400 otor size: 4 x 132 kw he system is built with 2-way valves, which gives a varible flow. Variation in the flow: p system = proportinal pressure 100% flow for 5% hours 75% flow for 10% hours 50% flow for 35% hours p 30% flow for 50% hours Operating hours per year: 2,930 hours ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , , , ,774 otal 2,930 otal 240,334 78

33 SECONDARY PUPS COPARISON COPARISON: System 1 + 2: System 1: 3-way valve system 2 constant speed pumps Constant flow. Energy consumption: 660,060 kwh/year System 2: 3-way valve system 2 speed controlled pumps Variable flow (temperature control) Energy consumption: 528,278 kwh/year System 3: 2-way valve system 2 constant speed pumps Variable flow Energy consumption: 571,912 kwh/year System : System 4: 2-way valve system 3 speed controlled pumps Variable flow (constant pressure) Energy consumption: 457,304 kwh/year System 5: 2-way valve system 3 speed controlled pumps Variable flow (proportional pressure) Energy consumption: 240,334 kwh/year Energy System consumtion Saving Saving kwh/year kwh/year % 1 660, , , ,912 88, , , , ,

34 FLOW HINKING PRIARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: One chiller is used: Cooling demand: 615 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C Liquid: Water ((615 x 0.86)/5) 106 m³/h p at max. flow (106 m³/h): (pipes/chiller + adjusting valve )(8+2): 10 m Chiller pump SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump One head in operation One head in stand-by is constant Selected pump: LPD /125 otor size: 2 x 5.5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 106 m³/h, the head is 11.3 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 1.3 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads m 10 m Head Adjustment valve 106 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,994 otal 2,930 otal 16,994 80

35 PRIARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: One chiller is used: Cooling demand: 615 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C Liquid: Water ((615 x 0.86)/5) 106 m³/h p at max. flow (106 m³/h): (pipes/chiller )(8): 8 m Chiller pump SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump One head in operation One head in stand-by is constant Selected pump: LPD /125 otor size: 2 x 5.5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 he pump is set at uncontrolled operation mode and adjusted to the right flow. he total head is lower, because there is no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. 8 m Head ax. curve Reduced speed ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,090 otal 2,930 otal 15, m³/h SAVING: he energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (16,994-15,090) = 1,904 kwh = 11% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve. 81

36 FLOW HINKING PRIARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: wo chillers are connected in parallel, each with one pump. Cooling demand: 2 x 615 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C Liquid: Water 2x ((615 x 0.86)/5) 2 x 106 m³/h p when 2 pumps are running: (pipes/chiller + adjusting valve )(9+2): 11 m p when 1 pump is running: (pipes/chiller + adjusting valve )(7+2): 9 m p will increase when 2 pumps are running SELECION: 2 Constant speed pumps wo heads in operation wo heads in stand-by will vary Selected pumps: 2 x LPD /125 otor size: 2 x (2 x 5.5 kw) Operating hours per year: 2,930 One pump in operation: 1,930 wo pumps in operation: 1,000 Based on a flow of 106 m³/h, the head is 11.3 m (with both pumps in operation). he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 0.3 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. in % chillers in operation 1 chiller in operation Hours/year ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 50 1, , ,000 2 x ,600 otal 2,930 otal 23,373 1 pump in operation 2 pumps in operation 82

37 PRIARY PUPS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: wo chillers are connected in parallel, each with one pump. Cooling demand: 2 x 615 kw temperature (t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t R ): 11 C Liquid: Water 2x((615 x 0.86)/5) 2 x 106 m³/h p when 2 pumps are running: (pipes/chiller)(9): 9 m p when 1 pump is running: (pipes/chiller)(7): 7 m p p p will increase when 2 pumps are running SELECION: 2 Speed controlled pumps per pump is constant Selected pumps: 2 x LPDE /125 otor size: 2 x (2 x 5.5 kw) One pump in operation: 1,930 hours wo pumps in operation: 1,000 hours he pump is set at control mode and differential pressure sensors are connected directly to the pumps. No motor protection is needed, and an alarm output can be obtained from the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. in % chillers in operation 1 chiller in operation Hours/year ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 50 1, , ,000 2 x ,000 otal 2,930 otal 20,264 1 pump in operation 2 pumps in operation SAVING: he energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (23,373-20,264) = 3,109 kwh = 13% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve. 83

38 FLOW HINKING COOLING OWERS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 320 kw temperature (t F ): 32 C Return temperature (t R ): 27 C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m³ - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg C - υ : 2 cst (= 2mm²/s) ((320 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 60 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler + adj. valve + 3-way valve )(7+2+4): 13 m SELECION: adjusted with a valve 1 Constant speed pump One head in operation One head in stand-by is constant and adjusted by the 3-way valve. Selected pump: LPD /133 otor size: 2 x 4.0 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 60 m³/h, the head is 16 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (16-13) = 3 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation because of the high glycol content, the density of the pumped liquid is increased and therefore the power consumption of the motor will increase. o prevent motor overload it is important to check its P2 value. Shaft seal must be suitable for glycol (RUUE version recommended). 16 m 13 m Head 60 m³/h Adjustment valve ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,185 otal 2,930 otal 13,185 84

39 COOLING OWERS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 320 kw temperature (t F ): 32 C Return temperature (t R ): 27 C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m³ - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg C - υ : 2 cst (= 2mm²/s) ((320 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 60 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler )(7): 7 m SELECION: 1 Speed controlled pump will vary Selected pump: LDE /187 otor size: 2 x 3.0 kw he pump is set at control mode and temperature sensors are connected directly to the pumps. here is no need for motor protection, and an alarm output can be obtained from the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. Because of the high glycol content, the density of the pumped liquid is increased and therefore the power consumption of the motor will increase. o prevent motor overload it is important to check its P2 value. Shaft seal must be suitable for glycol (RUUE version recommended). 7 m 30% 50% 75% 100% 60 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , otal 2,930 otal 1,541 SAVING: he energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (13,185-1,541) = 11,644 kwh = 88% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve and a 3-way valve. 85

40 FLOW HINKING DRY COOLER EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 532 kw temperature (t F ): 32 C Return temperature (t R ): 27 C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m³ - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg C - υ : 2 cst (= 2mm²/s) ((532 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 100 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler + adjusting valve )(9+2): 11 m SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump One head in operation One head in stand-by is constant Selected pump: LPD /125 otor size: 2 x 5.5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 100 m³/h, the head is 12.5 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 1.5 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. Because of the high glycol content, the density of the pumped liquid is increased and therefore the power consumption of the motor will increase. o prevent motor overload it is important to check its P2 value. Shaft seal must be suitable for glycol (RUUE version recommended). 12,5 m 11 m Head adjusted with a valve Adjustment valve 100 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,873 otal 2,930 otal 17,873 86

41 DRY COOLER EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 532 kw temperature (t F ): 32 C Return temperature (t R ): 27 C Liquid 40% glyc. water - ρ: 1,040 kg/m³ - cp: 0.88 kcal/kg C - υ : 2 cst (= 2mm²/s) ((532 x 0.86)/(1,040x0.88x5)): 100 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/chiller/cooler)(9): 9 m SELECION: 1 Speed controlled pump is constant Selected pump: LPD /125 otor size: 2 x 5.5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 he pump is set at uncontrolled operation mode and adjusted to the right flow. he total head is lower because there is no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. 9 m Head adjusted with a valve ax. curve Reduced speed ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,529 otal 2,930 otal 15, m³/h SAVING: he energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (17,873-15,529) = 2,344 kwh = 13% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve. 87

42 FLOW HINKING COOLING SURFACE EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 174 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 8 C Return temperature (t R ): 13 C Liquid: Water ((174 x 0.86)/5) 30 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/surface + adjusting valve )(5+1.5): 6.5 m adjusted with a valve SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump One head in operation One head in stand-by is constant Selected pump: PD otor size: 2 x 1.1 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 30 m³/h, the head is 7 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be (7-6.5) = 0.5 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. 7.0 m 6.5 m Head Adjustment valve 30 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,223 otal 2,930 otal 3,223 88

43 COOLING SURFACE EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 174 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 8 C Return temperature (t R ): 13 C Liquid: Water ((174 x 0.86)/5) 30 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/surface)(5): 5.0 m SELECION: 1 Speed controlled pump One head in operation One head in stand-by is constant Selected pump: PED otor size: 2 x 1.1 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 he pump is set at uncontrolled operation mode and adjusted to the right flow. he total head is lower because there is no adjustment valve in the system. At the same time it is possible to communicate with the pump. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two heads. ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,344 otal 2,930 otal 2,344 5 m Head adjusted with a pump ax. curve Reduced speed 30 m³/h SAVING: he energy saving compared to an installation with an adjustment valve: (3,223-2,344) = 879 kwh = 27% On top of that there is a saving in buying an adjustment valve. 89

44 FLOW HINKING COOLING CEILING/FLOORS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 87 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 15 C Return temperature (t R ): 18 C Liquid: Water ((87 x 0.86)/3) 25 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/3-way valve + adj. valve )(14+1.5): 15.5 m 15 C 18 C 6 C SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump is constant and adjusted by 3-way valves Selected pump: LP /117 otor size: 2.2 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 25 m³/h, the head is 16.5 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 1 m more than full open valve m 15.5 m Head Adjustment valve 25 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,446 otal 2,930 otal 6,446 90

45 COOLING CEILING/FLOORS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 87 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 15 C Return temperature (t R ): 18 C Liquid: Water ((87 x 0.86)/3) 25 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/3-way valve + adj. valve )(14+1.5): 15.5 m 15 C 18 C 6 C SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump is constant and adjusted by 3-way valves Selected pump: LP /117 otor size: 2.2 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 25 m³/h, the head is 16.5 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 1 m more than full open valve m 15.5 m Head Adjustment valve 30% 50% 75% 100% 25 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , ,019 otal 2,930 otal 4,678 91

46 FLOW HINKING COOLING CEILING/FLOORS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 87 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 15 C Return temperature (t R ): 18 C Liquid: Water ((87 x 0.86)/3) 25 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/2-way valve)(14): 14 m 15 C 18 C 6 C SELECION: 1 Speed controlled pump is variable and adjusted by 2-way valve. Selected pump: PE Series 2000 otor size: 2.2 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 he pump is set at proportional pressure control mode. No added sensor or external controller are necessary (controllers are integrated to pumps up to 7.5 kw). here is no need for motor protection, and an alarm output can be obtained from the pump. 14 m 30% 50% ax. curve 75% 100% 25 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , ,053 otal 2,930 otal 2,733 92

47 COOLING CEILING/FLOORS COPARISON SAVINGS: System 1: Constant speed pump and 3-way valves. System 2: Constant speed pump and 2-way valves. System 3: Speed controlled pump and 2-way valves. Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 1: (6,446-2,733) = 3,713 kwh = 58% System 1: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [kw] [kwh] 100 2, ,446 otal otal 2,930 6,446 Components saving: Adjustment valve + two-way valves in stead of expensive three-way valves. System 2: Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 2: (4,678-2,733) = 1,945 kwh = 42% Components saving: Adjustment valve + pressure relief valve (to maintain a constant pressure and also avoid noise in valves and negative influences system balancing). Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [kw] [kwh] , , , ,019 otal otal 2,930 4,678 System 3: Depending on the energy price, there is a very short pay-back time on the extra cost of installing a speed-controlled pump system. Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [kw] [kwh] , , , ,053 otal otal 2,930 2,733 93

48 FLOW HINKING FAN COILS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 465 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 10 C Return temperature (t R ): 15 C Liquid: Water ((580 x 0.86)/5) 80 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/3-way valve + adj. valve )(18+2): 20 m 10 C 15 C 6 C SELECION: 1 Constant speed pump 1 in operation 1 in stand-by is constant and adjusted by 3-way valves Selected pump: 2xLP /137 otor size: 2x7,5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 80 m³/h, the head is 21.8 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 1.8 m more than full open valve m 20 m Head Adjustment valve An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two pumps. 80 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] 100 2, ,338 otal 2,930 otal 19,338 94

49 FAN COILS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 465 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 10 C Return temperature (t R ): 15 C Liquid: Water ((580 x 0.86)/5) 80 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/2 way valve + adj. valve )(18+2): 20 m 10 C 15 C 6 C SELECION: 2 Constant speed pumps 1 in operation - 1 in stand-by is variable and adjusted by 2-way valves Selected pump: 2xLP /137 otor size: 2x7,5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 Based on a flow of 80 m³/h, the head is 21.8 m. he pressure lost over the adjustment valve has to be ( ) = 1.8 m more than full open valve. An external controller is necessary for alternation between the two pumps m 20 m Head 30% 50% 75% 100% 80 m³/h Adjustment valve ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , , ,066 otal 2,930 otal 15,072 95

50 FLOW HINKING FAN COILS EXAPLE SYSE DAA: Cooling demand: 465 kw temperature main system(t F ): 6 C Return temperature (t FS ): 10 C Return temperature (t R ): 15 C Liquid: Water ((580 x 0.86)/5) 80 m³/h p at max. flow: (pipes/2- way valve)(18): 18 m 10 C 15 C SELECION: 6 C 2 Speed controlled pumps 1 pump in operation 1 pump in stand-by is variable and adjusted by 2-way valves. Selected pump: 2 x PE Series 2000 otor size: 2 x 7.5 kw Operating hours per year: 2,930 he pumps are connected to a controller (PU) for alternation mode. No added sensor is necessary here is no need for motor protection, and an alarm output can be obtained from the system (PU). he pressure loss compensation (proportional pressure) is set at 70% in the PU. 20 m 18 m 6 m 30% 50% ax. curve 75% 100% 80 m³/h ENERGY CALCULAION: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [W] [kwh] , , , , ,153 otal 2,930 otal 6,823 96

51 FAN COILS COPARISON SAVINGS: System 1: Constant speed pump and 3-way valves. System 2: Constant speed pump and 2-way valves. System 3: Speed controlled pump and 2-way valves. Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 1: (19,338-6,823) = 12,515 kwh = 65% System 1: Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [kw] [kwh] 100 2, ,338 otal otal 2,930 19,338 Components saving: Adjustment valve + two-way valves in stead of expensive three-way valves. System 2: Energy saving of system 3 compared to system 2: (15,072-6,823) = 8,249 kwh = 55% Components saving: Adjustment valve + pressure relief valve (to maintain a constant pressure and also avoid noise in valves and negative influences system balancing). Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [kw] [kwh] , , , , ,066 otal otal 2,930 15,072 System 3: Depending on the energy price, there is a very short pay-back time on the extra cost of installing a speed-controlled pump system. Hours Effect Energy [%] [h] [kw] [kwh] , , , , ,153 otal otal 2,930 6,823 97