PV module temperature measurement technology in PV system field for IEC Annexure

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1 PV module temperature measurement technology in PV system field for IEC Annexure Hiromi Tobita, Hirofumi Shinohara Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET) Ryan Smith Pordis, LLC Presented at SAYURI-PV in TSUKUBA,Oct.2016

2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Outdoor measurement of PV module temperature 3. UV exposure test of cover tape materials 4. Heat conduction model: Cell temperature estimation 5. Conclusion 1

3 1 Introduction PV module temperature measurement for output power normalization is of high importance in PV power station performance evaluation It is observed that thermocouple measurement values differ by cover tape materials and stick treatments We seek to recommend thermosensor attachment methods for: a) Accuracy b) Durability c) Accessibility 2

2.Illustration of underside of a solar module for

polyimide Adhesive attached Al Adhesive on Al 1 2

covered air 9 10 11 Al covered air Al glass tape

4 2.Illustration of underside of a solar module for outdoor measurement Adhesive Adhesive on polyimide Adhesive attached Al Adhesive on Al Air 12 Polyimi de 5 6 Polyimide 7 8 Al covered air Al covered air Al glass tape covered sheet type sensor Al glass tape Al glass tape covered air 3

Test data evaluation (apart from the IECEE laboratory method data) degree C 68.0 (Thermocouple on each independent cell case ) PV module temperature measurement TC measurement value 66.0 64.0 62.0 60.

5 Test data evaluation (apart from the IECEE laboratory method data) degree C 68.0 (Thermocouple on each independent cell case ) PV module temperature measurement TC measurement value Al Polyimide 1.TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive (IECEE method: Current standard) 3.TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive covered by aluminum adhesive tape (the highest ; aluminum tape cover) :04:48 10:12:00 10:19:12 10:26:24 10:33:36 TIME 4 7.TC head covered by polyimide adhesive tape with intentional air void (the lowest ; polyimide cover tape with air gap)

6 Test data evaluation (near lines with IECEE laboratory method) degree C 68.0 (Thermocouple on each independent cell case ) PV module temperature measurement TC measurement value :04:48 10:12:00 10:19:12 10:26:24 10:33:36 TIME 5 1.TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive (IECEE method: method) Current standard) 2.TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive covered by polyimide ashesive tape (IECEE method and polyimide reinforcement tape) 5.TC head covered by polyimide adhesive tape (Stuck just by polyimide reinforcement tape)

7 Test data evaluation 1-day observation of module temperature calculated by Voc & irradiation compensation Long time data １ TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive (10:00-14:00.4th.September.2015.Tokyo) Temperature degreec ２ TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive covered by polyimide ashesive tape ３ TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive covered by aluminum adhesive tape ４ TC head glued on aluminum adhesive tape with cyanoacrylate adhesive ５ TC head covered by polyimide adhesive tape Insolation/ ６ TC head covered by aluminum adhesive tape ７ TC head covered by polyimide adhesive tape with intentional air void ８ TC head covered by aluminum adhesive tape with intentional air void ９ Sheet type TC covered by glass croth adhesive tape １０ TC head covered by glass croth adhesive tape fluctuate accord Temperature degreec separate １１ TC head covered by glass croth adhesive tape with intentional air void １２ TC head in the air 1cm from module back sheet 21 TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive covered by polyimide ashesive tape 23 TC head glued with cyanoacrylate adhesive covered by aluminum ashesive tape 24 TC head glued on aluminum adhesive tape with cyanoacrylate adhesive 25 TC head covered by polyimide adhesive tape TC head covered by aluminum adhesive tape TC head covered by polyimide adhesive tape with intentional air void Module 20 temperature calculated by Voc & irradiation compensation Voc 9:50:24 10:04:48 10:19:12 10:33:36 10:48:00 11:02:24 30 TC head covered by glass croth adhesive tape Air temperature :36:00 28 TC head covered by aluminum adhesive tape with intentional air void 29 Sheet type TC covered by glass croth adhesive tape 31 TC head covered by glass croth adhesive tape with intentional air void 32 Voc Low irradiance, Voc derived temperature remain high value 11:16:48 11:31:12 11:45:36 12:00:00 TIME 12:14:24 12:28:48 12:43:12 12:57: :12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 insolation(w/m2) Temperature factor 14:24:00 33.Temperature caluculated by insolation and Voc

differences in tensile strength, after UV,O2,H2O exposure, between materials

8 3. UV exposure test of cover tapes Polyester and polyimide tapes are exposed under UV ray, humidity, and oxygen in a weatherometer chamber Evidence of differences in tensile strength, after UV,O2,H2O exposure, between materials Outdoor exposure tests in 5 sites are in progress Weatherometer exposure apparatus 7

9 3. UV-Humid-O2 Exposure Test -Tensile Strength Ratio Dummbbell Rectangular

Polyimide (0.0508mm) Silicone adhesive Surface-mount TC Tedlar (0.05mm) Acrylic adhesive Surface-mount TC Tyvek(0.036mm) Acrylic adhesive Surface-mount TC Polyester (0.

10 Polyimide (0.0508mm) Silicone adhesive Surface-mount TC Tedlar (0.05mm) Acrylic adhesive Surface-mount TC Tyvek(0.036mm) Acrylic adhesive Surface-mount TC Polyester (0.025mm) Silicone adhesive Surface-mount TC Polyester (0.0508mm) Silicone adhesive Bead TC Polyester (0.0508mm) Silicone adhesive Surface-mount TC Polyimide (0.0508mm) Silicone adhesive Bead TC [ Rectangular sections are mm or mm ] Tedlar/EVA laminate on aluminum plate Intentional bends to simulate stress caused by loose or pulled TC wire

11 Vermont RTC - Dfb Texas Cfa (non-coastal) Florida RTC Cfa (coastal) Nevada RTC - BWh New Mexico RTC - BSk Imaging of deployed test articles planned at: 0d, 30d, 180d, 360d, 540d, and 720d with potential to extend based on results. Special thanks to the Department of Energy Regional Test Centers for deploying the test articles.

12 4.Heat conduction model of PV module 1PV cells are warmed directly by sunlight 2Cover glass takes away heat from PV cells PV cells are slow to be warmed by sun heat 3Heat is stored in cover glass Sun light glass cells 4PV cells are cooled from backsheet side PV cells are quickly to be cooled by wind backsheet 11

5 Conclusion IEC 61724-1 Annexure B (informative ): Thermocouple attachment method recommendation is on going to be revised.

13 5 Conclusion IEC Annexure B (informative ): Thermocouple attachment method recommendation is on going to be revised. Cover tape material strengths are in same range with Polyester or Polyimide due to weatherometer UV,O2,H2O test: Wait for results from outdoor exposure comparison test. Assumption of uncertainty of temperature measurement by thermal model of PV module is underway, with direct cell temperature measurement of laminated coupon. 12

Cell interconnection without glueing or soldering for crystalline PV-modules

Cell interconnection without glueing or soldering for crystalline PV-modules Johann Summhammer and Zahra Halavani Solar Cells Group, TU-Vienna, Vienna, Austria. http://www.ati.ac.at/~summweb Motivation: