Battery Technlgies Brad Bassett Sr. Applicatin Engineer Jan 19, 2018 San Dieg, CA
Battery Types Used fr slar Deep-Cycle Flded LA Lead-Acid battery with liquid sulfuric acid electrlyte Grid ally with Antimny fr deep cycle capability Deep-cycle VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid) (AGM r Gel) Lead-Acid battery with absrbed r gelled sulfuric acid electrlyte Grid allw with Calcium fr deep cycle capability and reduced gassing Carbn LA Lead-Acid battery flded r VRLA Carbn r nan-carbn added t the negative plate Tubular plate LA Lead-Acid battery flded r VRLA Lithium-In (NMC) Lithium-In with Nickel Manganese Cbalt electrde Lithium Irn Phsphate Lithium with Irn-Phsphate electrde Nickel-Irn Nickel Irn (Edisn cell) battery with alkaline flded electrlyte Nickel Cadmium and NiMH are similar Other Lithium Titanate, Lithium duble carbn, Aquin etc.
Apprpriate uses fr Battery Types Off-Grid, Residential r Industrial Deep-Cycle Flded LA, Deep-cycle VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid) (AGM r Gel), Carbn LA, Tubular VRLA, Lithium-In (NMC), Lithium Irn Phsphate, Nickel-Irn Grid-Tie Backup Pwer VRLA, Lithium-In (NMC), Lithium Irn Phsphate, Carbn LA, Tubular VRLA Self-Cnsumptin Lithium-In (NMC), Lithium Irn Phsphate, Carbn LA Peak-Lad Shaving Lithium-In (NMC), Lithium Irn Phsphate, Carbn LA, Deep-cycle VRLA, Tubular VRLA
Flded Lead Acid (Deep Cycle Type) Prs Lwer initial cst than VRLA in smaller sizes Mderate t Excellent cycle life Electrlyte lss is replaceable Less sensitive t vercharging Cns Nt sealed Cannt be munted n its side Ships as hazardus gds Cannt be shipped by air Requires islatin (seal ducts) & ventilatin May require spill cntainment and absrptin equipment Maintenance required Water must be added ~mnthly Regular equalizatin charges needed Reduced life at higher temperatures Less efficient Higher self discharge, Higher flat current than VRLA batteries
HuP Slar One Flded Lead-Acid
Valve Regulated Lead Acid VRLA (AGM r Gel) Prs Lw maintenance Sealed Can be installed n its side Can be shipped as nn-hazardus (generally) Can be shipped by air Lw t Excellent cycle life Cns Damaged by vercharging, electrlyte cannt be replaced Reduced life at higher temperatures Higher cst than Flded LA in smaller sizes, similar in larger sizes High efficiency Lw self discharge and flat current Shck and vibratin resistant
Valve Regulated Lead Acid Larger types Deka Unigy II (AGM) OutBack EnergyCell (AGM)
Carbn Enhanced Lead-Acid Carbn r nan-carbn is added t the negative plate f lead acid batteries, either sealed r flded, t imprve partial state f charge perfrmance Extended partial state f charge (PSC) Sulfatin n the negative plate is minimized Much less need fr regular full charge Gd fr self-cnsumptin r ff-grid Higher charge rate acceptance Lnger cycle life in real cnditins Can be cycled in mid state f charge Up t 44% imprvement in cycle life Increased rund trip efficiency (VRLA) Only abut 15% higher price Available in AGM r Flded OutBack Energy Cell Nan-Carbn AGM, in a wide range f sizes Trjan SmartCarbn flded cmmercial and industrial
Tubular plate Lead-Acid Tubular plate cnstructin lead acid batteries, either sealed r flded, t imprve deep cycle perfrmance Very rbust fr lng deep cycle life Up t 3000 cycles at 50% depth f discharge High charge rate acceptance Meets Eurpean DIN standard fr cycling OPzV fr VRLA gel type OPzS fr flded type Available in VRLA gel r Flded OutBack Energy Cell OPzV, shipping frm Greece. cmes with rack and cables Other OPzV and OPzS batteries may becme available
Prs NMC chemistry is widely used in EVs and handheld tls Wrks at higher DC vltage with lwer cst inverters Very high energy density and efficiency Lighter and smaller package Up t ~45 Wh/lb High rund trip efficiency up t 92.5% Partial state f charge peratin Preferred use at partial state f charge 10 year life at high cycle depth Over 3,000 cycles @ 80 t 90% DD LG Chem HV Lithium-In Lithium Nickel-Manganese-Cbalt (NMC) Cns Expensive 2X price f lead-acid batteries May have limited calendar life ~10 years Limited number f units in parallel Nt apprved fr ff grid use Thermal management challenges Operates between 14 F and 113 F, preferred between 59 F and 86 F Nt apprved fr installatin at sites ver 6,562 feet (2000m) elevatin Requires sphisticated battery management system DC-DC cnverter in battery t get higher vltage Adds t cst Only wrks with specific inverters with cmpatible cmmunicatins Nn-recyclable and hazardus Dispsal csts nt typically included in price Ships as hazardus gds, shipping restrictins Will pssibly supprt cmbustin in a fire
Discver AES Lithium Irn Phsphate LFP (LiFePO 4 ) High energy density and efficiency Lighter and smaller package Up t ~35 Wh/lb High charge efficiency up t 95% Partial state f charge peratin Preferred use at partial state f charge Lng life at high cycle depth Prs Over 4200 cycles @ 90% DD and cunting Expensive 4X price f tp line lead-acid batteries, but will have lnger life in many applicatins Thermal management challenges Operates between 32 F and 113 F, preferred between 59 F and 77 F Nn-recyclable and hazardus Cns Dispsal csts nt typically included in price Ships as hazardus gds, shipping restrictins Easy t install Wrks with mst 48 vlt nminal inverters Canbus r Xanbus cmmunicatins Integrated cmmunicatins t Schneider Xanbus system netwrks Up t 10 units paralleled fr larger capacity (66kWh)
Nickel Based Batteries NiCd, NiFe, NiMH Prs Fair t gd energy density NiCd abut 60% f Lithium-in NiFe much lwer energy density High cycle life at high cycle depth Up t 5,000 cycles r mre @ 80% DD fr flded NiFe and NiCd Rbust (Flded cells nly) N sudden failures, n memry Tlerant f under and vercharging Very wide perating temperature range Cns Very Expensive 4-5 X price f lead-acid batteries Heavy metals, Nickel and/r Cadmium NiMH small sealed cells nly Lw cell vltage Lw cell vltage (~1.2 VDC) Mre cells required per system High self-discharge rate NiFe has very high self discharge Alkaline electrlyte NiFe has very high maintenance Requires electrlyte changes every 10 years
NiFe Battery bank
Battery Technlgies Questins? Cntact: Brad Bassett at bbassett@aeeslar.cm 800-777-6609 ext 7973