Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Lineside Signal Spacing Synopsis This Standard specifies the minimum distance that must be provided between the first signal displaying a cautionary aspect and the stop signal to which it applies. Signatures removed from electronic version Submitted by Keith Turner Standards Project Manager Authorised by Richard Spoors Controller, Railway Group Standards This document is the property of Railtrack PLC. It shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Controller, Railway Group Standards, Railtrack PLC. Published by Safety & Standards Directorate, Railtrack PLC, Floor DP01, Railtrack House, Euston Square, London NW1 2EE Copyright 1998 Railtrack PLC
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Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 1 of 26 Contents Section Description Page Part A Issue Record 2 Responsibilities 2 Compliance 2 Health and Safety Responsibilities 2 Supply 2 Part B 1 Purpose 4 2 Scope 4 3 Definitions 4 4 Braking Performance 4 5 Signal Spacing Distances 5 6 Application 6 Guidance Note - Derivation of Differential speeds 8 Appendices 1 Composite Curve and Table for all Trains 10 (Except on Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) 2 Composite Curve and Table for Passenger Trains 14 (Except on Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) 3 The Curve and Table for Trains with Enhanced Braking (9%g mean) 18 4 The Curve and Table for Former Southern Region Passenger Lines 22 References 26 RAILTRACK 1
Railway Group Standard Page 2 of 26 Rapid Response Issue Record Part A This Standard will be updated when necessary by distribution of a complete replacement. Amended or additional parts of revised pages will be marked by a vertical black line in the adjacent margin. Issue Date Comments 1 May 1996 Supersedes SSP34 dated January 1973 2 Dec 1997 Supersedes Issue 1 3 Sep 1998 Emergency Issue. Supersedes Issue 2. Responsibilities Railway Group Standards are mandatory on all members of the Railway Group * and apply to all relevant activities that fall into the scope of each individual s Railway Safety Case. If any of those activities are performed by a contractor, the contractor s obligation in respect of Railway Group Standards is determined by the terms of the contract between the respective parties. Where a contractor is a duty holder of a Railway Safety Case then Railway Group Standards apply directly to the activities described in the Safety Case. * The Railway Group comprises Railtrack and the duty holders of the Railway Safety Cases accepted by Railtrack. Compliance The provisions of this Railway Group Standard are mandatory with effect from Saturday 17 October 1998 for the commissioning of new or altered work involving the positioning or repositioning of signals, or the setting of permissible speeds. Where the positioning or repositioning of signals was designed in accordance with Appendix 1 of Issue 1 or Issue 2 of this standard, and was approved by Railtrack prior to publication of this issue, Railtrack shall determine the policy to achieve compliance with Appendix 1 of this issue. As a minimum, this policy shall be to impose speed restrictions on freight trains from the commissioning of the scheme. These speed limits shall be calculated using Appendix 1 of this issue. Retrospective action shall be taken on receipt of this issue where new or altered work involving the positioning or repositioning of signals, or the setting of permissible speeds, has been carried out utilising Appendix 1 of Issue 1 or 2 of this standard prior to Saturday 17 October 1998. If freight trains run over the lines affected, the speed limit for these trains shall be re-calculated using Appendix 1 of this issue, and the appropriate speed restriction applied. Retrospective action shall be taken to check all the Signal Spacing Distances on any portion of line over which it is proposed to run new or modified rolling stock whose braking performance requires a greater stopping distance; or acceleration performance is greater (only where Attainable Speed is used in determination of signal position) than for rolling stock already accepted to run over the route. Corrective action shall be taken to deal with any deficiencies identified prior to acceptance of the new or modified rolling stock. 2 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 3 of 26 Retrospective action shall be taken to check the Signal Spacing Distances following any incidents where it is suspected that the signal spacing may be deficient or where other information coming to the attention of Railtrack calls into question the adequacy of existing signal spacing. Corrective action shall be taken to deal with any deficiencies identified in a timescale commensurate with the risks involved. Retrospective action is not required solely because existing Signal Spacing Distances exceed the limits specified in Section 6.4. Health and Safety Responsibilities In issuing this Standard, Railtrack PLC makes no warranties, express or implied, that compliance with all or any Railway Group Standards is sufficient on its own to ensure safe systems of work or operation. Each user is reminded of its own responsibilities to ensure health and safety at work and its individual duties under health and safety legislation. Supply Controlled and uncontrolled copies of this Standard may be obtained from the Industry Safety Liaison Dept, Safety and Standards Directorate, Railtrack PLC, Railtrack House DP01, Euston Square, London, NW1 2EE. RAILTRACK 3
Railway Group Standard Page 4 of 26 Rapid Response 1 Purpose Part B To ensure that : the Signal Spacing Distance provided between the first signal displaying a cautionary aspect and the signal at which the train is required to stop is sufficient to enable the train to stop safely at the stop signal; and a structured process is defined that establishes that signal spacing and train braking performance are matched when new trains are introduced into service, or trains are run over lines on which they have not previously run. 2 Scope This Standard applies to all routes equipped with lineside signals and to all types of train in service. The information included in this document is not to be used for any other purpose, e.g. warning arrangements for Temporary (including Emergency) and Permanent Speed Restrictions, the release of interlocking and approach controls, automatic train protection, or level crossings. Sections 6.1 and 6.5 are of relevance to the Engineering Acceptance Process for railway vehicles. 3 Definition Attainable Speed The maximum speed a train may achieve at a point when accelerating from a lower specified speed at an earlier point (e.g. when accelerating away from a permanent speed restriction) when the train has not yet reached permissible speed. Signal Spacing Distance The distance between the signal displaying the first cautionary aspect and the signal at which the train is required to stop. 4 Braking Performance The Braking Performance for all Traction and Rolling Stock is defined in the following Standards: GM/RT0168 Braking System and Performance Policy for T&RS including On Track Plant GM/RT2041 Braking System and Performance for Trailer Coaching Stock GM/RT2042 Braking System and Performance for Traction Units GM/RT2043 Braking System and Performance for Freight Vehicles GM/RT2044 Braking System and Performance for Multiple Units These Standards set out the factors taken into account in defining the performance of the braking system and also detail the contingency factors included. Note: The Rule Book Appendix defines the action that must be taken when the braking performance does not meet the requirements of the above Braking Standards. 4 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 5 of 26 5 Signal Spacing Distances Minimum Signal Spacing Distances are specified in the following appendices. When applying this standard to a line of route (or well defined portion thereof) it is necessary to select the appendix appropriate to the types of train it is intended shall use the route. Railtrack and the Train Operating Company shall agree which appendix is to be used. The appendix that has been selected must be stated within the project specification and the notes of the relevant signalling plans. Each appendix consists of information shown in graphical and tabulated format for all normal operating speeds and gradients. 5.1 Appendix 1 Composite Curve and Table for all Trains (Except on Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) This applies to routes which under normal circumstances carry all types of passenger and freight trains. except those where the classes of train listed in section 5.4.2 are permitted to exceed 75 mph. It is the curve to be used for all signalling schemes unless the trains using the route are predominantly those to which one of the following appendices applies. 5.2 Appendix 2 Composite Curve and Table for Passenger Trains (Except on Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) This applies to routes carrying a preponderance of passenger traffic, and caters for all passenger trains except those referred to in section 5.4.2. The permissible speed of other trains shall be restricted where this is necessary to enable them to stop within the Signal Spacing Distance. 5.3 Appendix 3 The Curve and Table for Trains with Enhanced Braking (9%g mean) This applies to routes used predominantly by trains which have superior braking performance and have been proved to be capable of meeting the braking performance that is defined in Group Standards GM/RT2041, GM/RT2042 and GM/RT2044 as being required for routes signalled in accordance with this appendix. The permissible speed of other trains shall be restricted where this is necessary to enable them to stop within these Signal Spacing Distances. 5.4 Appendix 4 The Curve and Table for Former Southern Region Passenger Lines This appendix must only be applied to former Southern Region DC electrified lines; and only in the following circumstances: 5.4.1 Alterations to existing installations where the signals are spaced to this curve, or 5.4.2 For resignalling schemes on lines where the following older classes of emu stock are permitted to run in excess of 75 mile/h: Classes 411, 412, 415, 419, 421, 422, 423. At line speeds lower than 75 mile/h Appendix 1 shall be used. Note: These classes of train do not meet the braking performance required for Appendix 2; nor do they meet the performance required by Appendix 1 at speeds above 75 mph. RAILTRACK 5
Railway Group Standard Page 6 of 26 Rapid Response 6 Application 6.1 Differential Speeds Certain trains using a route may have a different braking performance to that for which the signal spacing has been designed. If the braking performance is inferior, the speed of those trains must be restricted to a speed lower than the normal permitted speed. If the braking performance is superior, those trains may be permitted to exceed the normal permitted speed. Such differential speeds shall be determined by a comparison between the signal spacings required by the trains at a given speed and the signal spacings existing on the route. Each signal shall be considered individually. The permitted speed shall be such that the signal spacing required by the train at that speed is less than or equal to each Signal Spacing Distance considered. It will be necessary for the train operator to supply data for the signal spacings required by the train, both for level tracks and for gradients on the route, determined as follows:- a) The stopping performance on gradients shall be determined from the measured stopping distance of the train on level track using the method described in Appendix 5 of this standard. b) The stopping performance of the train determined in step 1 above shall be increased by the contingency factor defined in the appropriate Railway Group Standard listed in Section 4 of this standard, to give the required Signal Spacing Distance. The train operator shall have the required signal spacing distance information (determined in steps 1 & 2 above) produced or validated by a body recognised by Railtrack to act as a Vehicle Conformance Certification Body. When the train braking performance on level track meets the criteria set out in the standards listed in Section 4, the signal spacings required by the train may be read from the appropriate appendix to this standard. In this case it will only be necessary for the Vehicle Conformance Certification Body to confirm the train braking performance on level track. Refer to the Guidance Note on page 8 for further information on this subject. 6.2 Gradient Variations Where a falling gradient varies, and the mean gradient within the Signal Spacing Distance is or steeper, the spacing distance to be used shall be the distance for the mean gradient plus 10% of that distance, or the distance for the steepest falling gradient within the Signal Spacing Distance, whichever is the shorter. Sites which include combinations of rising and falling gradients, both steeper than 1%, within the Signal Spacing Distance require special consideration. Each case must be considered individually in relation to the performance of trains permitted to use the line, to ensure that signals are spaced to enable all trains to be stopped safely when required while avoiding excessive Signal Spacing Distances. The reasons for the signal spacing in such cases must be recorded and agreed by the Infrastructure Controller (Railtrack). 6.3 Four Aspect Signalling In areas of 4 aspect signalling, signals shall be positioned so that the distance between the single yellow aspect and the signal at danger is at least one third of the total distance from the signal in rear displaying double yellow to the signal at danger. 6.4 Acceptable variations in the use of Signal Spacing Distances The distances shown in Appendices 1 to 4 are minimum Signal Spacing Distances and shall not be reduced. Excessive Signal Spacing Distances may 6 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 7 of 26 contribute to a SPAD and should be avoided. The actual distance between the first cautionary aspect and the stop signal may be increased as follows, having regard to the local site conditions : not normally by more than 25% of the minimum spacing distance; by up to 50% on lines where the speed is 60 mile/h or greater; by up to 100% on lines where the speed is less than 60 mile/h provided the distance for 60 mile/h as specified in (b) is not exceeded; on lines where the minimum Signal Spacing Distance is less than 550yds. (500m), a maximum spacing distance of 1100yds (1000m), or the distance allowed in (c) whichever is the greater, is permitted. On multi track sections and in station areas these variations relate to the highest speed line and they may be exceeded for other adjacent lines where strict adherence to this Standard would result in the adoption of unacceptable signal positions. Where it is required to avoid trains being detained at specific locations, e.g. tunnels, viaducts, etc. and it is not possible to position the signals to avoid this within the constraints of this section, the requirements must normally be achieved by adjusting the signal controls. In exceptional circumstances, where there is no alternative means of avoiding an unacceptable signal position, the Infrastructure Controller (Railtrack) may authorise a signal spacing which exceeds the limits set by this section. The reasons for each such decision shall be fully documented and supported by a risk assessment demonstrating that the risk incurred by the signal position chosen (including consideration of signal sighting) is lower than that associated with any reasonably practical alternative position and/or alteration to the signal controls. 6.5 Use of Attainable Speed By exception and in consultation with Railtrack, Attainable Speed may be used in place of permissible speed (when determining minimum signal spacing) in the following circumstances: where it facilitates the avoidance of trains being detained at specific locations, otherwise achieved by the imposition of signal controls, as detailed in paragraph 3 of Section 6.4; where it achieves an acceptable signal position which could otherwise only be achieved by exceeding the requirements of Section 6.4 as permitted in paragraph 4 of Section 6.4. Attainable Speed shall be derived from documented acceleration curves which have been produced or validated by a body recognised by Railtrack to act as a Vehicle Conformance Certification Body. Attainable Speeds used must properly take into account the affect of any rising or falling gradient. Calculation of the minimum signal spacing using Attainable Speed must also properly take into account the ability of the train to continue to accelerate to permissible speed. The use of Attainable Speed shall be shown in the notes of the relevant signalling plan including identification of the signal(s) affected. The acceleration data used for determination of Attainable Speed shall be included in the project records. RAILTRACK 7
Railway Group Standard Page 8 of 26 Rapid Response Guidance Note - Derivation of Differential Speeds Trains with braking performance that do not match one of the Standards listed in Section 4. There are a number of factors such as retardation, brake application time and contingency that influence train stopping distance. On gradients the combined effect of these factors is such that if the stopping distance and hence Signal Spacing Distance on level track indicates that a certain differential speed is permissible, the same differential speed may not be permissible on all gradients. This guidance note illustrates this effect, thus demonstrating the need for calculations to be made for all relevant gradients. The following table gives the Signal Spacing Distances required by two types of train with different braking performance running on various gradients. The figures are taken from Appendices 3b) and 4b) respectively of this standard. They allow comparison of the stopping distance requirements for two trains, one running at 90 mph and one at 75 mph, with braking characteristics such that they both require the same signal spacing (1100m) on level track. Train Speed Signal Spacing Rising Gradients Falling Gradients Mph 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 3.0% 90 846 882 919 959 1002 1049 1101 1163 1232 1309 1398 1499 1623 75 748 792 838 891 950 1019 1100 1197 1315 1460 1650 1903 2294 Difference in Distances -98-90 -81-68 -52-30 34 83 151 252 404 671 The table shows that whilst on the level the required Signal Spacing Distances are nominally equal, on 3% falling gradients the 90 mph train requires 671 metres less whereas on a 3% rising gradient it requires 98 metres more than the 75 mph train. On the level and on falling gradients the required signal spacing for the 90 mph train is either equal to or less than that required by the 75 mph train. As a result it would be possible for the 90 mph train to operate over level track or falling gradients on the route signalled for the 75 mph train without any adjustment of signal positions. However on rising gradients the 90 mph train requires a greater signal spacing than that required by the 75 mph train and clearly it would not be possible for the 90 mph train to operate at 90 mph on rising gradients if the line has been signalled for the braking distance required by the 75 mph train. Thus in general it is necessary to know the train braking performance on all relevant gradients and to ensure that this is compatible with the signal spacings on the route concerned. 8 RAILTRACK
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Railway Group Standard Page 10 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 1a Composite Curve For All Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) Pending publication of a revised set of curves, the metric curve has been withdrawn. Please refer to Appendix 1c for the imperial measures curve and convert from imperial measurements to metric. 10 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 11 of 26 Appendix 1b Composite Table For All Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) DISTANCE (METRES) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) GRADIENT Rising Falling 20 165 165 180 200 220 255 295 365 480 25 220 235 260 290 325 375 445 575 770 30 295 315 350 390 445 530 645 820 1305 35 375 405 445 505 585 715 925 1265 1970 40 455 505 570 660 795 990 1300 1720 1970 45 580 650 740 855 1035 1315 1520 1720 1970 50 629 684 747 855 1035 1315 1520 1720 1970 55 704 760 824 899 1035 1315 1520 1720 1970 60 776 833 896 970 1070 1315 1520 1720 1970 65 810 870 938 1019 1116 1315 1520 1720 1970 70 897 961 1033 1117 1218 1353 1522 1740 2046 75 953 1015 1084 1164 1258 1382 1534 1740 2046 80 953 1015 1084 1164 1258 1382 1534 1740 2046 85 1047 1110 1180 1261 1354 1471 1614 1788 2046 90 1181 1254 1334 1428 1537 1674 1842 2049 2330 95 1333 1418 1511 1621 1750 1913 2113 2366 2713 100 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 105 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 110 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 115 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 120 1585 1655 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 125 1714 1789 1869 1957 2054 2245 2503 2835 3312 RAILTRACK 11
Railway Group Standard Page 12 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 1c Composite Curve For All Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) 4000 3500 3000 20 25 30 Minimum Signal Spacing (yds) 2500 2000 1500 125 mph 120 mph 100-115 mph 95 mph 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75/80 85 90 90 mph 95 1000 85 mph 75/80 mph 70 mph 65 mph 60 mph 55 mph 50 mph 100-115 120 125 45 mph 500 40 mph 35 mph 30 mph 25 mph 20 mph 0 R R R R 0% F - F - F - F - Gradients 12 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 13 of 26 Appendix 1d Composite Table For All Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) DISTANCE (YARDS) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) GRADIENT Rising Falling 20 175 180 195 215 240 275 320 395 520 25 240 255 280 315 355 410 485 625 840 30 320 340 380 425 485 575 700 895 1425 35 405 440 485 550 635 780 1010 1380 2150 40 495 550 620 720 865 1080 1420 1880 2150 45 630 710 805 935 1130 1435 1660 1880 2150 50 688 748 816 935 1130 1435 1660 1880 2150 55 770 831 901 984 1130 1435 1660 1880 2150 60 849 911 980 1061 1165 1435 1660 1880 2150 65 886 952 1026 1115 1221 1435 1660 1880 2150 70 981 1051 1129 1222 1331 1479 1665 1903 2237 75 1042 1110 1185 1273 1375 1511 1677 1903 2237 80 1042 1110 1185 1273 1375 1511 1677 1903 2237 85 1145 1214 1290 1379 1481 1609 1765 1956 2237 90 1292 1371 1459 1561 1681 1831 2014 2241 2548 95 1458 1550 1652 1772 1914 2092 2311 2587 2967 100 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 105 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 110 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 115 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 120 1734 1810 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 125 1874 1957 2044 2140 2246 2455 2737 3100 3622 RAILTRACK 13
Railway Group Standard Page 14 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 2a Composite Curve For Passenger Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger 2900 2900 2800 2800 2700 2700 2600 2600 2500 2400 95 Mile/h 2500 2400 2300 2300 2200 2100 90 Mile/h 2200 2100 2000 2000 Minimum Signal Spacing Distance (METRES) 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 125 Mile/h 120 Mile/h 100, 105, 110, 115 Mile/h 85 Mile/h 80 Mile/h 75 Mile/h 70 Mile/h 65 Mile/h 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 (METRES) 900 800 60 Mile/h 900 800 700 55 Mile/h 700 600 500 50 Mile/h 600 500 400 300 45 Mile/h 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Mile/h 400 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 3.0% 1 in 33 1 in 40 1 in 40 1 in 33 Rising GRADIENT Falling 14 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 15 of 26 Appendix 2b Composite Table For Passenger Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) DISTANCE (METRES) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) 1 in 33 3.0% 1 in 40 2.5% Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 198 207 215 225 235 246 258 274 292 312 336 364 399 25 198 207 215 225 235 246 258 274 292 312 336 364 399 30 198 207 215 225 235 246 258 274 292 312 336 364 399 35 198 207 215 225 235 246 258 274 292 312 336 364 399 40 198 207 215 225 235 246 258 274 292 312 336 364 399 45 251 263 274 287 300 315 332 353 377 404 437 476 525 50 313 327 342 359 377 396 418 447 479 516 561 615 686 55 381 399 418 439 461 487 515 551 593 642 702 774 871 60 460 483 506 533 562 595 632 679 734 799 879 979 1117 65 537 564 592 624 658 698 742 798 864 942 1040 1162 1333 70 624 656 689 728 769 816 870 938 1018 1113 1234 1387 1607 75 727 766 807 853 904 963 1030 1115 1216 1338 1496 1700 2007 80 832 877 925 980 1040 1110 1190 1291 1413 1561 1755 2013 2412 85 940 992 1047 1110 1180 1261 1354 1471 1614 1788 2021 2334 2834 90 1058 1118 1181 1254 1334 1428 1537 1674 1842 2049 2330 2715 3361 95 1190 1260 1333 1418 1511 1621 1750 1913 2113 2366 2713 3207 4100 100 1357 1440 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 4044 5668 105 1357 1440 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 4044 5668 110 1357 1440 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 4044 5668 115 1357 1440 1528 1630 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 4044 5668 120 1461 1522 1585 1655 1745 1880 2041 2245 2503 2835 3312 4044 5668 125 1579 1646 1714 1789 1869 1957 2054 2245 2503 2835 3312 4044 5668 1 in 40 2.5% 1 in 33 3.0% RAILTRACK 15
Railway Group Standard Page 16 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 2c Composite Curve For Passenger Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) 3100 3100 3000 3000 2900 2900 2800 2800 2700 2600 95 Mile/h 2700 2600 2500 2500 2400 2300 90 Mile/h 2400 2300 2200 2200 2100 2000 85 Mile/h 2100 2000 Minimum Signal Spacing Distance (YARDS) 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 125 Mile/h 120 Mile/h 100, 105, 110, 115 Mile/h 80 Mile/h 75 Mile/h 70 Mile/h 65 Mile/h 60 Mile/h 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 (YARDS) 800 700 55 Mile/h 800 700 600 50 Mile/h 600 500 400 300 45 Mile/h 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Mile/h 500 400 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 3.0% 2.5% 1 in 33 1 in 40 2.5% 3.0% 1 in 40 1 in 33 Rising GRADIENT Falling 16 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 17 of 26 Appendix 2d Composite Table For Passenger Trains (Except On Former Southern Region Passenger Lines) DISTANCE (YARDS) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) 1 in 33 3.0% 1 in 40 2.5% Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 217 226 235 246 257 269 283 300 319 341 367 398 436 25 217 226 235 246 257 269 283 300 319 341 367 398 436 30 217 226 235 246 257 269 283 300 319 341 367 398 436 35 217 226 235 246 257 269 283 300 319 341 367 398 436 40 217 226 235 246 257 269 283 300 319 341 367 398 436 45 275 287 300 314 328 345 363 385 412 442 478 520 574 50 342 358 374 392 412 434 458 488 524 564 614 673 750 55 416 436 457 480 504 532 563 603 649 702 767 846 953 60 503 528 554 583 615 651 692 743 803 873 962 1071 1222 65 587 616 648 682 720 763 812 873 945 1030 1137 1270 1458 70 682 717 754 796 841 892 951 1026 1113 1217 1350 1517 1758 75 795 838 882 933 989 1053 1126 1219 1330 1463 1636 1860 2195 80 910 959 1012 1072 1137 1214 1301 1412 1545 1707 1920 2201 2637 85 1028 1085 1145 1214 1290 1379 1481 1609 1765 1956 2210 2552 3099 90 1157 1222 1292 1371 1459 1561 1681 1831 2014 2241 2548 2969 3676 95 1302 1378 1458 1550 1652 1772 1914 2092 2311 2587 2967 3508 4484 100 1484 1575 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 4423 6198 105 1484 1575 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 4423 6198 110 1484 1575 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 4423 6198 115 1484 1575 1671 1783 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 4423 6198 120 1597 1665 1734 1810 1908 2056 2232 2455 2737 3100 3622 4423 6198 125 1727 1800 1874 1957 2044 2140 2246 2455 2737 3100 3622 4423 6198 1 in 40 2.5% 1 in 33 3.0% RAILTRACK 17
Railway Group Standard Page 18 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 3a Curve For Trains With Enhanced Braking (9%g Mean) 2900 2900 2800 2800 2700 2700 2600 2500 125 Mile/h 2600 2500 2400 2300 120 Mile/h 2400 2300 2200 2100 115 Mile/h 2200 2100 2000 1900 110 Mile/h 2000 1900 Minimum Signal Spacing Distance (METRES) 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 105 Mile/h 100 Mile/h 95 Mile/h 90 Mile/h 85 Mile/h 80 Mile/h 75 Mile/h 70 Mile/h 65 Mile/h 60 Mile/h 55 Mile/h 50 Mile/h 45 Mile/h 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Mile/h 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 (METRES) 200 200 100 100 0 0 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 3.0% 1 in 33 1 in 40 1 in 40 1 in 33 Rising GRADIENT Falling 18 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 19 of 26 Appendix 3b Table For Trains With Enhanced Braking (9%g Mean) DISTANCE (METRES) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) 1 in 33 3.0% 1 in 40 2.5% Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 188 196 205 214 224 234 246 262 279 298 321 347 380 25 188 196 205 214 224 234 246 262 279 298 321 347 380 30 188 196 205 214 224 234 246 262 279 298 321 347 380 35 188 196 205 214 224 234 246 262 279 298 321 347 380 40 188 196 205 214 224 234 246 262 279 298 321 347 380 45 232 243 253 264 276 289 304 322 343 366 393 425 464 50 282 294 306 320 334 351 368 390 415 442 475 511 557 55 336 350 365 381 399 418 438 464 493 525 563 606 660 60 395 411 429 448 468 490 514 544 578 615 659 709 770 65 458 478 497 519 543 568 597 631 670 712 762 819 890 70 526 548 571 596 623 652 684 723 767 816 873 937 1017 75 598 624 650 678 708 742 779 823 872 927 991 1064 1153 80 676 704 734 766 800 838 879 929 984 1046 1118 1199 1299 85 758 790 823 859 897 940 986 1042 1103 1172 1252 1343 1455 90 846 882 919 959 1002 1049 1101 1163 1232 1309 1398 1499 1623 95 939 979 1020 1065 1112 1165 1223 1291 1368 1453 1552 1664 1802 100 1031 1075 1119 1168 1220 1278 1341 1415 1498 1590 1698 1819 1968 105 1132 1179 1228 1282 1339 1402 1472 1553 1644 1745 1862 1994 2157 110 1237 1289 1342 1401 1463 1532 1608 1697 1796 1905 2033 2177 2354 115 1346 1403 1461 1525 1593 1668 1751 1847 1955 2074 2212 2369 2561 120 1461 1522 1585 1655 1728 1810 1900 2004 2121 2250 2400 2569 2777 125 1579 1646 1714 1789 1869 1957 2054 2167 2293 2432 2594 2777 3001 1 in 40 2.5% 1 in 33 3.0% RAILTRACK 19
Railway Group Standard Page 20 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 3c Curve For Trains With Enhanced Braking (9%g Mean) 3100 3100 3000 3000 2900 2900 2800 2700 125 Mile/h 2800 2700 2600 2500 120 Mile/h 2600 2500 2400 2300 115 Mile/h 2400 2300 2200 2100 110 Mile/h 2200 2100 Minimum Signal Spacing Distance (YARDS) 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 105 Mile/h 100 Mile/h 95 Mile/h 90 Mile/h 85 Mile/h 80 Mile/h 75 Mile/h 70 Mile/h 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 (YARDS) 800 65 Mile/h 800 700 60 Mile/h 700 600 55 Mile/h 600 500 400 300 50 Mile/h 45 Mile/h 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Mile/h 500 400 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 3.0% 2.5% 1 in 33 1 in 40 2.5% 3.0% 1 in 40 1 in 33 Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 21 of 26 Appendix 3d Table For Trains With Enhanced Braking (9%g Mean) DISTANCE (YARDS) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) 1 in 33 3.0% 1 in 40 2.5% Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 206 215 224 234 245 256 269 286 305 326 351 380 415 25 206 215 224 234 245 256 269 286 305 326 351 380 415 30 206 215 224 234 245 256 269 286 305 326 351 380 415 35 206 215 224 234 245 256 269 286 305 326 351 380 415 40 206 215 224 234 245 256 269 286 305 326 351 380 415 45 254 265 276 289 302 317 333 353 375 400 430 464 507 50 308 321 335 350 366 383 403 426 453 484 519 559 609 55 367 383 399 417 436 457 479 508 539 575 616 663 722 60 432 450 469 489 511 536 563 595 632 673 721 775 842 65 501 522 544 568 593 622 653 690 732 779 834 896 973 70 575 599 624 652 681 713 748 791 839 892 954 1025 1112 75 654 682 710 742 775 811 851 900 954 1014 1084 1163 1261 80 739 770 802 837 875 916 962 1016 1076 1144 1222 1311 1421 85 829 864 900 939 981 1028 1079 1139 1207 1282 1370 1469 1591 90 925 965 1005 1049 1096 1148 1205 1272 1347 1431 1529 1639 1775 95 1027 1071 1115 1164 1216 1274 1337 1412 1496 1589 1697 1820 1970 100 1128 1175 1224 1278 1334 1397 1467 1548 1639 1739 1857 1989 2152 105 1238 1290 1343 1402 1464 1533 1609 1698 1798 1908 2036 2181 2359 110 1352 1409 1468 1532 1600 1675 1759 1855 1964 2084 2223 2381 2574 115 1472 1534 1598 1668 1742 1824 1914 2020 2137 2268 2420 2590 2800 120 1597 1665 1734 1810 1890 1979 2078 2192 2319 2460 2625 2810 3037 125 1727 1800 1874 1957 2044 2140 2246 2370 2507 2659 2837 3037 3282 1 in 40 2.5% 1 in 33 3.0% RAILTRACK 21
Railway Group Standard Page 22 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 4a Curve For Former Southern Region Passenger Lines 2900 2900 2800 95 Mile/h 2800 2700 2700 2600 2600 2500 2400 90 Mile/h 2500 2400 2300 2300 2200 2200 2100 85 Mile/h 2100 2000 2000 1900 1900 Minimum Signal Spacing Distance (METRES) 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 80 Mile/h 75 Mile/h 70 Mile/h 65 Mile/h 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 (METRES) 1000 1000 900 60 Mile/h 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 55 Mile/h 50 Mile/h 45 Mile/h 40 Mile/h 35 Mile/h 30 Mile/h 25 Mile/h 20 Mile/h 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 100 0 0 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 3.0% 1 in 33 1 in 40 1 in 40 1 in 33 Rising GRADIENT Falling 22 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 23 of 26 Appendix 4b Table For Former Southern Region Passenger Lines DISTANCE (METRES) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) 1 in 33 3.0% 1 in 40 2.5% Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 90 98 108 119 134 152 176 176 176 176 189 229 295 25 110 118 126 136 147 160 176 197 222 256 303 373 496 30 139 147 156 166 177 190 205 224 247 275 311 373 496 35 180 191 202 214 228 244 263 286 314 347 389 444 523 40 228 241 254 270 287 307 330 358 391 432 483 548 642 45 281 297 313 333 353 378 406 439 480 528 590 669 781 50 338 358 378 400 425 454 487 527 575 632 705 797 928 55 399 421 444 471 500 533 571 617 672 737 820 924 1071 60 469 495 522 553 587 626 671 725 789 866 963 1086 1262 65 553 584 617 654 695 743 798 864 944 1038 1161 1317 1545 70 644 681 720 764 813 870 936 1016 1112 1228 1378 1574 1866 75 748 792 838 891 950 1019 1100 1197 1315 1460 1650 1903 2294 80 864 916 972 1036 1107 1190 1288 1408 1554 1735 1979 2311 2851 85 985 1045 1110 1184 1268 1366 1482 1624 1800 2019 2319 2739 3455 90 1122 1193 1268 1356 1455 1572 1711 1883 2098 2370 2751 3304 4328 95 1294 1380 1473 1580 1702 1849 2025 2245 2526 2893 3428 4266 6198 1 in 40 2.5% 1 in 33 3.0% RAILTRACK 23
Railway Group Standard Page 24 of 26 Rapid Response Appendix 4c Curve For Former Southern Region Passenger Lines 3100 3100 3000 95 Mile/h 3000 2900 2900 2800 2800 2700 2600 90 Mile/h 2700 2600 2500 2500 2400 2400 2300 2200 85 Mile/h 2300 2200 2100 2100 Minimum Signal Spacing Distance (YARDS) 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 80 Mile/h 75 Mile/h 70 Mile/h 65 Mile/h 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 (YARDS) 1000 60 Mile/h 1000 900 800 700 55 Mile/h 50 Mile/h 900 800 700 600 45 Mile/h 600 500 40 Mile/h 500 400 300 200 35 Mile/h 30 Mile/h 25 Mile/h 20 Mile/h 400 300 200 100 100 0 0 3.0% 2.5% 1 in 33 1 in 40 Rising GRADIENT 2.5% 3.0% 1 in 40 1 in 33 Falling 24 RAILTRACK
Rapid Response Railway Group Standard Page 25 of 26 Appendix 4d Table For Former Southern Region Passenger Lines DISTANCE (YARDS) INITIAL SPEED (Mile/h) 1 in 33 3.0% 1 in 40 2.5% Rising GRADIENT Falling 20 98 107 118 131 146 166 192 192 192 192 207 250 322 25 121 129 138 149 161 175 192 215 243 280 332 407 542 30 152 161 170 182 194 208 224 245 270 300 340 407 542 35 197 208 221 234 250 267 287 313 343 379 426 485 572 40 249 263 278 295 314 336 361 391 428 472 528 599 702 45 307 324 343 364 386 413 443 481 525 578 646 731 854 50 370 391 413 438 465 496 532 577 629 691 771 871 1015 55 437 461 486 515 546 583 625 675 735 806 896 1010 1171 60 513 541 571 605 642 685 734 793 863 947 1053 1188 1380 65 605 639 675 716 760 813 872 945 1032 1136 1270 1440 1690 70 704 744 787 835 889 951 1024 1111 1216 1343 1507 1721 2040 75 818 866 916 975 1039 1115 1202 1309 1439 1596 1805 2081 2509 80 945 1002 1063 1133 1210 1301 1408 1539 1700 1898 2164 2527 3118 85 1077 1143 1214 1295 1386 1494 1620 1776 1968 2208 2536 2995 3779 90 1227 1304 1387 1483 1591 1719 1871 2059 2294 2592 3009 3613 4733 95 1416 1509 1610 1728 1862 2022 2214 2455 2762 3163 3749 4665 6779 1 in 40 2.5% 1 in 33 3.0% RAILTRACK 25
Railway Group Standard Page 26 of 26 Rapid Response References GM/TT0168* GM/RT2041 GM/RT2042 GM/RT2043 GM/RT2044 Braking System and Performance Policy for T&RS including On Track Plant. GM/TT0168 is expected to be superceded by GM/RT2045. Please refer to the Railway Group Standards Catalogue. Braking System and Performance for Trailer Coaching Stock Braking System and Performance for Traction Units Braking System and Performance for Freight Vehicles Braking System and Performance for Multiple Units 26 RAILTRACK