International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017, pp. 1477 1484, Article ID: IJMET_08_08_153 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=8 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN EPICYCLIC GEAR TRAIN USING CORRECTED GEARS Dr.V. Balambica, Ravi Kumar Soni, Satyam Kumar, Subodh Kumar, Suraj Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India ABSTRACT Very huge speed reduction is carried using epicycle gear train with corrected gears Predetermined Centre distance is attained. In this set-up, four external spur gears are used. Load carrying capacity and sliding conditions could also be improved by using addendum- modified gears without altering the dimensions in a major way. High speed reduction ratio of 3600:1 is achieved. Further after design, the gear train is analyses for its efficiency and effective simulation is shown Cite this Article: Dr.V. Balambica, Ravi Kumar Soni, Satyam Kumar, Subodh Kumar and Suraj Kumar, Design and Analysis of An Epicyclic Gear Train Using Corrected Gears, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(8), 2017, pp. 1477 1484. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=8 1. INTRODUCTION It is possible to obtain very high transmission ratios hydraulically. Man has always tried to improve on his finding from time immemorial [1]. This project has been taken up to obtain high transmission ratios mechanically using non-standard gears. The set up consists of four gears having teeth of 59/60, 61/60. The gears are held in position using an arm which rotates with the input shaft [2-5]. Using this setup it is possible to obtain speed ratio of the order of 3600:1. 2. REASONS FOR USING CORRECTED GEAR--Naturally a question will arise in the mind of gear designer, gear manufacture or gear user as to what is the need for addendummodified gears. There are many situations where addendum modified gears are necessary. Some of them are given below. (a) To obtain a given gear ratio maintaining the same Centre distance, addendum modified gears are used. This may arise when a new gear ratio is to be obtained for a pair of gears in an old gear box where Centre distances cannot be altered. (b) In a given set-up, due to other constraints the number of teeth of the pinion may be less than the minimum number to avoid undercutting. Then the pinion can be produced with addendum modification to avoid undercutting. (c)it is possible to design gears to suit given loads in a given drive. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1477 editor@iaeme.com
Design and Analysis of An Epicyclic Gear Train Using Corrected Gears (d)load capacity and sliding conditions can be improved by using addendum- modified gears without altering dimensions in a major way 3. NON STANDARD SPUR GEARS: In this set-up we use non-standard gears because with standard gears it is possible to obtain speed ratio of the order of 1:4 to 1:9 only. Gear A and D are corrected to avoid under cutting and to obtain predetermined center distance. Based on correction aspect gearing can be classified into two broad categories, (1) S 0 gearing (2) S gearing 4. PROFILE CORRECTION OF GEARS: Apart from the fact that interference hampers conjugate action when the involute portion of a teeth meets with the non-involute portion of the other tooth [6-9]. There is every likelihood that the meshing gears will not rotate at all. Rather the gear causing the interference will have a tendency to jam on the flank of the pinion, unless, of course the pinion tooth-root has already been undercut making room to provide free movement of the gear teeth. Besides, due to interference and in the absence of an undercut, the mating gear will try to scoop out metal from the interfering portion. But since the mating gear is not a cutting tool, in the process the teeth become damaged and it will have an overall detrimental effect on the gear system. If the situation warrants a pinion might have to be designed with number of teeth less than minimum number stipulated to avoid under cutting [10-14]. In such cases, the practice which is not universally adopted in what is known as the profile correction gear tooth. In gear technology profile correction is also termed Addendum modification. S0 Gearing: In S0 gearing the two components of mating pair of gears receive numerically equal correction factors but these factors are algebraically of opposite sign, normally the pinion is provided with positive correction and the gear with negative correction. In other words x 1 + x 2= 0(or) [x 2 = -x 1 ] (I.e. pass through the normal pitch point pin the case.it is shifted away by an amount equal to the numerical value of xm (mm). In case of the pinion, which normally receives the positive correction,the cutter is moved away from the gear blank centre by an amount of xm (mm) while cutting so that an enlarged pinion with its tip diameter increased by an amount 2xm(mm) is produce[15]. In case of the gear, the cutter is moved toward the gear centre by the same amount so that its diameter is smaller by an amount of 2 xm (mm) than in the case of uncorrected gear. Since topping is not necessary for so gearing, the gear blanks are simply made bigger or smaller, as the case may be,by the amount indicated before feeding them to the gear cutting machine[16]. Application of S0 gearing: The so gearing is normally meant where the reduction ratio is large. Thicker pinion teeth are ensured and the gear teeth also do not become significantly weak. However, S0 gearing is not recommended for small reduction ratios as it tends to weaken the teeth of the gear. The S0 gearing is also sometimes recommended where for certain specific reasons the normal tooth-thickness of the gear pair or the specific sliding velocity between the meshing teeth flanks are to be change. Besides, since normally the pinion teeth are weaker than gear teeth when both are made of the same material, they are more vulnerable to breakage and wear, The S0 system tends to equalise the tooth strength and thereby reduces the susceptibility to such damage [17-20]. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1478 editor@iaeme.com
Dr.V. Balambica, Ravi Kumar Soni, Satyam Kumar, Subodh Kumar and Suraj Kumar 5. TYPES OF CORRECTED GEARING (a) Normal gearing x, = x2 = 0 Pressure angle a = 20' (b) So-Gearing x, = - x2 = 0.5 Working pressure angle (c) S-Gearing x, =x2 = 0.5 Working pressure angle a, = 25.1 5', a = 20" 6. DESIGN OF GEAR Fig 1 Gear A Fig 2-gear B Fig 3-gear C Fig 4-gear D http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1479 editor@iaeme.com
Design and Analysis of An Epicyclic Gear Train Using Corrected Gears Figure 1 Profile of assemble epicyclic gear train 7. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS-- We have used multibody dynamics software depending upon the movement of the bodies (hears).the arm is fixed and the speed of 3600rpm is transferred to all other gears. The angular momentum is calculated based on the numerical method. Only magnitude is considered i.e. time magnitude of angular momentum. From the graph we can came across the sinusoidal curve.it vary as per the rotation.at one point we have noticed that in gear pair. The clearance given is more due which slip of occur and when this is reduced we can maintain the angular momentum or angular Velocity. Constraint over a period of time, or else as we see after one point it is seen to decrease and one point it increase. From this we are able to do the prediction. We have found that since all the gear are in simulated condition, there is no much variation in the angular displacement of we go in for simple point condition e can find the result actually. Angular velocity of gear C http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1480 editor@iaeme.com
Dr.V. Balambica, Ravi Kumar Soni, Satyam Kumar, Subodh Kumar and Suraj Kumar Angular velocity of gear B Angular momentum of gear C Angular momentum of gear B http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1481 editor@iaeme.com
Design and Analysis of An Epicyclic Gear Train Using Corrected Gears 8. 3600 RPM IS GIVEN TO GEAR D 9. RESULT OF SIMULATION ANALYSIS The results of stress analysis are as given below No of rotation of gear D ADVANTAGES- High density power transmission. Light weight, smaller size. Load carrying capacity is high. Low noise and vibration. Using corrected gear, undercutting and the problem of interference is avoided. Life can be increased. 10. CONCLUSION By using the C-program the involute profile such as warm compaction or high velocity compaction tensile strength, impact energy and http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1482 editor@iaeme.com
Dr.V. Balambica, Ravi Kumar Soni, Satyam Kumar, Subodh Kumar and Suraj Kumar REFERENCES [1] T.J.Prabhu, Design of Transmission Elements, 2003, 5 th, Edition, PP 2.1-2.15 [2] L.Escalin Tresa & Dr.M.Sundhararajan, An Intelligent repeated objects tracking on Video Sequences, Published in International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10 No.5 (2015).pp 11803-11810. [3] Chang et al., A Finite Element Stress Analysis of Spur Gears Including Fillets Radii and Rim Thickness Effects, ASME Journal of Mechanisms, Transmission and Automation in Design, PP 327-30, 1983. [4] Gopalakrishnan, K., Prem Jeya Kumar, M., Sundeep Aanand, J., Udayakumar, R., Thermal properties of doped azopolyester and its application, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl.6, pp-4722-4725, 2013. [5] Jitin M Maitra. Hand Book of Gear Design 2nd Edition Tata Mc-Grawhill Book Company Ltd., PP 2.1-3.37, 1994. [6] Revati Shriram & Dr.M.Sundhararajan, Coherence Analysis of Pressure Pulse and Photoplethysmogram at Various sites, Published in International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10 No.6 (2015).pp 14959-14968. [7] Shigley Joseph Edward Theory of Machines, 2nd Edition, Tata Mc-Grawhill Book Company Inc. (1995), PP.250-294. [8] Sharmila, S., Jeyanthi Rebecca, L., Das, M.P., Saduzzaman, M., Isolation and partial purification of protease from plant leaves, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, v-4, i-8, pp-3808-3812, 2012. [9] Earle Buckingham, "MANUAL of GEAR DESIGN", 3rd Vol., Industrial Press, New York, 1935. [10] Nivedita Daimiwal, Dr.M.Sundhararajan & Revati Shriram, NIRS Based PPG Sensor For Detection of Oxy Hb and Deoxy-Hb Change During Activity, Published in International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10 No.7 (2015).pp 17347-17356. [11] Chironis, N.P. (Editor): "Gear Design and Application", McGraw-Hill Book Co., Iuc. New York, NY, 1967. [12] Sengottuvel, P., Satishkumar, S., Dinakaran, D., Optimization of multiple characteristics of EDM parameters based on desirability approach and fuzzy modeling, Procedia Engineering, v-64, i-, pp-1069-1078, 2013. [13] D.W.Dudley, "GEAR HANDBOOK", Mc Grew-Hill, New York, 1962 [14] S.Arul Selvi & M.Sundararajan, A Combined Framework for Routing and Channel Allocation for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing using Cognitive Radio, Published in International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 11 No.7 (2015).pp 4951-- 4953. [15] Knut O.Kverneland (Editor), "World Metric Standards For Engineering", Industrial Press, New York, NY.1978. [16] Anbazhagan, R., Satheesh, B., Gopalakrishnan, K., Mathematical modeling and simulation of modern cars in the role of stability analysis, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl5, pp-4633-4641, 2013. [17] G.W.Michalec, "Precision Gearing: Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966. [18] M.Sundararajan, C.Lakshmi & Dr.M.Ponnavaikko, Improved Kernel Common Vector Method for Face Recognition, Proceeding of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Machine Vision-2009, Dubai, UAE, December 28-30, pp. 13-17, 2009 and Published in IEEE Explorer. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1483 editor@iaeme.com
Design and Analysis of An Epicyclic Gear Train Using Corrected Gears [19] Sharmila, S., Jeyanthi Rebecca, L., Das, M.P., Production of Biodiesel from Chaetomorpha antennina and Gracilaria corticata, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, v-4, i-11, pp-4870-4874, 2012. [20] J. S. Bal, T. P. S. Arora and RamandeepKaur Application of Tree Graphs in Structural Synthesis of Planetary Geartrains. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp. 1252 1259. [21] N. Siva Teja, K. Dinesh Babu, M. Siva Nagendra, Ch. Phanideep, J. Sai Trinadh, Design and Analysis of Differential Gear Box In Automobiles, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 175-185 [22] M.Sundararajan, C.Lakshmi & P.Manikandan, Hierarchical Approach of Discriminative Common Vectors for Bio Metric Security, Proceeding of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering-2010, Singapore, February 26-28, 2010.vol 2 pp. 784-790. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1484 editor@iaeme.com