Vibratory Downhole Tool Technologies with Application to Horizontal Drilling and Casing Installation 2/5/2013 Roger L. Schultz TTS Drilling Solutions
Presentation Overview Frictional Forces, Vibratory Tool Benefits and Physics Discussion of Various Vibratory Tool Types Review of Test Data Case Study on Expendable Vibratory Casing Tool Questions?
Frictional Forces Frictional forces caused by forced contact between drillpipe or casing and wellbore Forced contact caused by: -! Buckling (sinusoidal and helical) -! Deformed coiled tubing -! Deviated wellbore -! Gravity acting on pipe in horizontal section -! Hydraulic loading against wellbore Friction coefficients effected by -! Sand and debris -! Casing/Wellbore condition
Benefits of Vibratory Extended Reach Tools. Drilling Applications: -! 2-3+ times faster sliding ROP, 1.5-2 times faster rotary ROP -! Much better tool face control -! Less WOB required which extends bit life Casing Applications: -! Greatly reduces force and torque required to get casing into well -! Allows longer laterals to be cased -! Vibrates casing and pulses cement during cementing operations enhancing cement job quality
Why Do Vibratory Tools Help? Cyclic Hydraulic Loading of CT, Drillpipe or Casing -! Oscillating back-pressure created by tool causes repeated extension and contraction of the tubing/pipe string breaking static friction between workstring and wellbore. -! Results in increased weight transfer and lower torque.
Types of DH Vibration/Pulse Tools Rotary Valve Pulse Tools -!NOV (Agitator ) Oscillatory Flow-Modulating Tools -!TTS Drilling Solutions (XRV tool) Poppet/Spring-Mass Tools -!Thru Tubing Solutions (Achiever ) -!Tempress -!Others
Rotary Valve Pulse Tools Description This type of tool utilizes a rotor/stator pair attached to a valve element to momentarily disrupt flow to create and release backpressure above the tool. Advantages: -! Have proven to be effective for sliding and increased ROP -! Reliable under non-extreme conditions Disadvantages: -! High-temperature and chemical compatibility -! Tool length -! Tool failure often requires trip out of hole -! Repair cost NOV Agitator (US patent 6,279,670)
Oscillatory Flow-Modulation Tool Description This type of tool utilizes a specialized fluid path to create a varying flow resistance which acts much like an opening and closing valve. Advantages -!Very compact, rugged and relatively inexpensive -!No moving parts..highly reliable -!No temperature limitation -!No elastomers..no issues with fluids or chemicals -!Wide flow rate operating range TTS XRV Drilling Tool (patent pending) TTS XRV Drillable Casing Tool (patent pending)
Poppet/Spring-Mass Tools Description This type of tool utilizes a combination of sliding mass/valve/spring components which oscillate in response to flow through the tool. This action creates mechanical hammering and/or flow interruption. Advantages -! Generally simple and relatively inexpensive -! Minimal or no elastomeric components -! Relatively Short length Disadvantages: -! Springs subject to high cycle fatigue -! Narrow operating range Tempress HydroPull Tool (patent # 6,237,701 and 7,139,219)
Testing of Various Coiled Tubing Vibratory Tools Test Configuration Agitator or XRV Tool Pressure Transducer High Pressure Pump Data Acquisition System
Backpressure for Various CT Vibratory Tools NOV Agitator Max Pressure : ~ 1900 psi Min Pressure : ~ 600 psi Pulse Height : ~ 1300 psi Base Frequency : ~ 8 Hz Secondary Frequency : ~ 20 Hz TTS XRV Max Pressure Min Pressure Pulse Height Base Frequency : ~ 1900 psi : ~ 400 psi : ~ 1500 psi : ~ 28 Hz
Vibratory Loading on CT
XRV Drilling Tool Rig Testing Pressure Transducer XRV Tool Rig Pump 1,350 Drill Pipe Data Acquisition System MWD Tool String Motor Bit
4.75 XRV 250 GPM Rig Test $"""!*""!)""!("" Circulating '1<371=4-80>?@4:A1,-.//0-.1 Pressure @ 250 gpm 2BC6D1#$&"E19F1G-4>>1,43.D1HIG1@99>/@-4:AD1H9@9-D1J4@D1#!+)1KLA?>170;5,-.//0-.123/45!'""!&""!%""!$""!!""!#""!""" " "+! "+% "+' "+) # #+! 647.12/.89:;/5 Pulse Height Frequency : 700 psi : 11 Hz
Vibratory Drillpipe Loading
Casing XRV Tool Deployed in casing string to help get casing to bottom!! Casing Shoe!! Casing Collar Causes axial vibration of casing string as mud or other fluid is circulated Creates fluid pulsation at casing shoe Improves cement flow and uniformity of cement placement reducing voids and channels Drillable Vibration Fluid Pulsation Vibratory Tool
4.5 and 5.5 Casing XRV Test Data
Vibratory Load on Casing
Fluid Pulsation from XRV Tool Start of Pulse Pulse Decreasing Fluid Pulse Increasing Pulse Ended Peak Fluid Flow Start of New Pulse
Example Casing XRV job details Casing XRV used to help land 4.5, 8- interval, multi-zone frac sleeve and swellable packer completion Two previous attempts at landing completion had been unsucessful XRV tool observed shaking rig and casing at 3,900 ft depth at 80, 132 and 200 gpm flowrates At end of job (14,000 ft depth), pumps turned on for 10 minutes. 10,000 pound weight increase seen at surface
Questions?