EXHAUST GAS HEAT UTILIZATION IN IC ENGINES USING PRE-HEATER

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017, pp. 1321 1326, Article ID: IJMET_08_08_134 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=8 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EXHAUST GAS HEAT UTILIZATION IN IC ENGINES USING PRE-HEATER K.Raja Assistant, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veltech University Dr.Amala Justus selvam Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, Veltech University M.Thamarai Kannan and P.L Rupesh Assistant, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veltech University ABSTRACT In the present world, the exhaust waste emitted from the internal combustion engine causes lot of pollution and harmful factors which increases gradually. Due to increase in number of vehicles, the consumption of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, etc., were also increased. When these fossil fuels are fired these will produce carbondioxide, carbon mono oxide, etc., and the heat liberated to the atmosphere increases global warming and some environmental issues. Only 30 to 40% of the total heat supplied to the engine is converted into useful mechanical work; the remaining heat is expelled to the environment through exhaust gases and engine cooling systems. This may result in entropy rise and serious environmental pollution. It shows that the heat expelled should be utilized for heating up fuel and air. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the engine can be increased. This work deals with the experimental evaluation of a IC engine with the preheating technique. The results obtained from the experimental valuation proves that it is one of the possible methods to recover the waste heat from internal combustion engine in order to increase performance and lower the emissions of the internal combustion engine. Key words: Heat exchanger, Blower, Pre heater, Capillary tube. Cite this Article: K.Raja, Dr.Amala Justus Selvam, M.Thamarai Kannan and P.L Rupesh, Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization in Ic Engines using Pre-Heater, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(8), 2017, pp. 1321 1326. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=8 1. INTRODUCTON In recent trends the best ways are to use the deployable sources of energy in to useful work in order to reduce the rate of consumption of fossil fuel and pollution [1]. Out of all the available sources in current scenario, the internal combustion engines are the major consumer of fossil fuel around the globe. So, the total heat supplied to the engine in the form of fuel, approximately, 30 to 40% is converted into useful mechanical work. The remaining heat is http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1321 editor@iaeme.com

Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization in Ic Engines using Pre-Heater expelled to the environment through exhaust gases and engine cooling systems, resulting in to entropy rise and serious environmental pollution [2]. So, it is required to utilize waste heat into useful work. The recovery and utilization of waste heat not only conserves fossil fuel, but also reduces the amount of waste heat and greenhouse gases damped to environment. It is imperative that serious and concrete effort should be launched for conserving this energy through exhaust heat recovery techniques or by utilizing techniques. Such a waste heat recovery would ultimately reduce the overall energy requirement and also the impact on global warming. Figure 1 Total fuel energy consumption The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, rans forming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy [3]. The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1864 by Siegfried Marcus [4]. The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and twostroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine [5]. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. Firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine [6]. 2. WORKING OF FOUR STROKE CI ENGINE The top dead center (TDC) of a piston is the position where it is nearest to the valves; bottom dead center (BDC) is the opposite position where it is furthest from them. A stroke is the movement of a piston from TDC to BDC or vice versa together with the associated process. While an engine is in operation the crankshaft rotates continuously at a nearly constant speed. In a 4-stroke ICE each piston experiences 2 strokes per crankshaft revolution in the following order. Figure 2 Working of Four stroke Diesel engine http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1322 editor@iaeme.com

K.Raja, Dr.Amala Justus Selvam, M.Thamarai Kannan and P.L Rupesh Just like the four-stroke-cycle petrol engine, the Compression-ignition (C.I.) engine completes one cycle of events in two crankshaft revolutions or four piston strokes. The four phases of these strokes are (a) Suction of fresh air, (b) Compression and heating of this air, (c) Injection of fuel and its combustion and expansion, and (d) Exhaust of the products of combustion. 3. POSSIBLE WAY OF USING HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM Supplies are forcing governments and industries to increase the power efficiency of engines. Heat balance indicates that the input energy is divided into roughly three ways: energy converted to useful work, energy transferred to coolant and energy lost with the exhaust gases. There are several technologies for recovering this energy from an internal combustion engine, whereas the dominating ones are: waste heat can utilize for heating, power generation, refrigeration purpose, etc. 4. EXPERIMENTATION 4.1. Heat Loss through the Exhaust in Internal Combustion Engine: The specifications of the engine are given in Table 1. The specifications of the fuel and air used to calculate the heat loss through the exhaust gas from internal combustion engine were shown in Table 2. Manufacturer Kirloskar Oil Engine Ltd. Pune Bore (d) 87.5mm Stroke (L) 110mm Compression ratio (r) 7.5:1 Capacity 661cc Power 16 HP at 1600 rpm Specific fuel consumption 1280 gms/kw.hr Speed 1600 rpm BHP 12 kw Cooling system Water cooled Orifice Diameter 17mm Volumetric efficiency (ƞ ) 0.8 to 0.9 Parameters Table 1 Engine Specifications Values Density 830 Specific Gravity 0.85 Thermal expansion coefficient 800 10 Viscosity 3 10 Vapour Pressure 1 to 10 kpa at 38 Cetane number 45 Heating Value: H.H.V L.H.V 47 43 Flash Point 40 Fire Point 48 http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1323 editor@iaeme.com

Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization in Ic Engines using Pre-Heater Self-ignition temperature 210 Calorific Value 45000 Density of air ( ) 1.167 Specific heat of exhaust gas ( ) 1,125 Table 2 Fuel & Air Specifications A performance test with varying load (0 to 16 kg) at constant speed of 1600 rpm was done on the experimental test rig with preheater and the experimental results obtained were shown in Table 3. S.No. W (kg) Load S (N) Time Torque Brake taken FCH (T) Power for 10cc SFC Indicated Mechanical Power efficiency Brake thermal efficiency Indicated Thermal efficiency N.m kw s kg/hr kg/kw.hr kw % % % 1 0 0 0 0 33 0.93 0 3.5 0 36.82 0 2 4 39.24 12.56 2.10 27 1.13 0.54 5.6 37.5 39.64 14.87 3 8 78.48 25.11 4.20 20 1.53 0.36 7.7 54.54 40.26 21.96 4 12 117.72 37.67 6.31 15 2.04 0.32 9.81 64.32 38.47 24.75 5 16 156.96 50.23 8.41 12 2.55 0.30 11.91 70.61 37.36 26.38 Table 3 Performance Test on Four stroke IC engine with Preheater In order to calculate the Indicated power, we need to evaluate friction power from the graph between Brake power and FCH by Williams Line Method which is indicated in Fig. 3. Figure 3 Williams Line Method Based on the above experimental results, a graph was drawn between Load and Mechanical efficiency which is shown in below Figure 4. The graph indicates that the mechanical efficiency increases with increase in load. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1324 editor@iaeme.com

K.Raja, Dr.Amala Justus Selvam, M.Thamarai Kannan and P.L Rupesh RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS Figure 4 Load vs. Mechanical Efficiency Without Pre-heater The following results has been evaluated from the experimentation without pre-heater Heat loss by exhaust gas will be more than 30%. Efficiency of the engine will be nearly 40% - 50%. Fuel consumption will be more. Figure 5 Load vs. FCH Figure 5 indicates the variation of Load along with the FCH without preheater and the graph indicates that the fuel consumption is increasing with increase in load. WITH PRE-HEATER The following observations has been made from the experimentation with pre-heater of air & fuel at different temperatures ranging from 35 40!"!"#$%&' ( 1. Heat loss by exhaust gas will be reduced up to 20%. When both air pre-heater and fuel pre-heater are used. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1325 editor@iaeme.com

Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization in Ic Engines using Pre-Heater In this the efficiency will be increased nearly 6% with a degree rise in temperature of the fuel. Fuel consumption will be decreased nearly 8% with a degree rise of fuel temperature. (If the fuel is raised to its flash point i.e., 40 fuel consumption will decreased up to 30% from normal fuel consumption level) as shown in Fig. 6. REFERENCES Figure 6 Load vs. FCH [1] C.P. Kothandaraman, S. Subramanian, Heat and Mass Transfer Data Book, New Age International Publishers, Eight Edition-2014 [2] Yunus A. Cengal, Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics an Engineering Approach, McGraw Hill, 7 Edition-2013 [3] R.K. Rajput, Thermal Engineering, Lakshmi Publication, Ninth Edition-2013 [4] N. Rangasamy, E. Sundaramoorthy, Applied Thermodynamics, NarayanaPublications, 2011. [5] S.S. Thipse, Alternative Fuels, Jaico Publications-2013 [6] Design and thermal analysis of stirling engine using industrial applications of ceramic material Alphonse M., Kumar R.R., Kumar M.S.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veltech Dr RR and Dr SR University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India [7] N Santhisree, P Sudheer Kumar, S Ashok and B Srikanth, Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery Using Airpreheater for CI Engine. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 135 145. [8] S. Bharath Subramaniam, Air Conditioner Using Exhaust Gas of Automobiles, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 1119-1126. [9] Shaik Magbul Hussain, Dr.B. Sudheer prem kumar, Dr.K.Vijaya Kumar Reddy, Biogas Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue 3, April 2013, pp. 211-216 [10] Ravinder Kumar and Navdeep Sharma Dugala, Exhaust Gas Analysis and Temperature Effect of Mahua Oil Bio-Diesel on single cylinder Diesel engine, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp. 140-144 http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 1326 editor@iaeme.com