Jatropha curcas Prof. K.S. Neelakantan, I.F.S. Dean Forest College & Research institute
BIODIESEL Dr.Rudolf Diesel 1895 Peanut oil The use of vegetable oils for engine fuel may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time
South America & Africa Origin 16 th century India Portugese settlers.
Concept of Biodiesel Soya based Biodiesel U.S.A Rape seed based biodiesel German Sunflower based biodiesel France & U.K Incentives & tax concessions are offered.
World Energy Consumption (in MOTE) Country Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro Total Per capita KG USA 883 553 543 198 26 2205 8077 China 200 19 511 4.1 18 753 602 India 95 21 150 3.3 7 276 277 % 34 8 54 1.1 2.5 100 Africa 116 47 89 3.9 6 261 416 Japan 259 67 92 82 8 507 3995 World 3462 2064 2130 651 227 8537 1428
Indian Production and Import of Crude Oil (Million tones) Year Production Import Total Import % Cost Rs. in Crores 1971 6.8 11.7 18.5 63 107 1981 10.5 16.2 26.7 61 3349 1991 33 20.7 53.7 39 6118 2001 32 57.9 89.9 64 30695 2002 32 73.5 105 70 90,000
Planning Commission - GoI Vision Phase I Demonstration Project 2003-2007 Phase II Self sustaining & expansion 2007-2012 IIM Ahamadabad Study In Gujarat & Maharashtra Jatropha is popular as soap oil
Planning Commission GoI (Contd...) Micro Mission Forest land Non-forest land Other lands - Gujarat, Chatisgargh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura 50000/ha/state - NOVOD Board, Ministry of Agrl. & Cooperatives - Other Dept. of Rural Development Procurement of Seed & oil extraction - KVIC Transesterification, Blending & Trade R & D - IOC, Ministry of Petroleum - SAUs, I I Ts
TN Government Initiatives
Forest College & Jatropha
Crop Mandate 1992 onwards Ongoing Projects 1. Afforestation of wasteland through energy plantations SLUB 2. NOVOD Networking project on Jatropha 3. University Venture Capital 4. ICAR Network Project on TBO s 5. ICAR Agroforestry 6. ICAR under utilized crop
Jatropha Cultivation & Management Propagation seeds & cuttings Soil wide range Climate - arid & semi arid
Spacing 2x2m to 3x3m Irrigation Nil with proper & well distributed rainfall Additional irrigation need based
Fertilizer Application Organic Inorganic FYM 5 kg/plant 20g of urea 120 g super p 16 g m.o.p Biofertilizers Azo. 10 g VAM 50 g
Pest and Disease Pest Defoliator Disease Nursery Damping off Field Root rot Bavistin & COC
Yield 1 st yield 1 st year Harvestable yield 3 rd year Economic yield 5 th year Rainfed Irrigated 200 g to 2.5 kg 500 g to 5 kg
Germplasm Species collection Jatropha curcas Jatropha curcas (nontoxic) J. curcas x J integrerrima Jatropha gossypifolia Jatropha glandulifera Jatropha tanjorensis Jatropha multifida Jatropha podagrica Jatropha integerrima
Seed sources 19 Oil content - 26.6 to 35.5% TNMC-6
Production and Supply of Quality Planting Materials State Agricultural Dept. Horticultural Dept. DRDA Railways NGO s Agroindustries & Farmers 1.5 lakhs seedlings have been supplied
1. Development of hybrids 2. Screening superior clones for higher productivity, resistance and drought tolerance 3. Developing strategies for mass multiplication of superior cultivars 4. Development of non-toxic Jatropha 5. Production, supply & establishment of bio-diesel park in every agroecological zones
6. Human Resource Development Institute offers Trainings to Farmers Departmental Personnel NGO s and Trainers Training Programme
7. Short and long term consultancy to agro-based industries and farmers
Requirement of Land for Jatropha For Indian Railways 5% - 52,000 ha 10% - 1,04,000 ha 20% - 2,08,000 ha For India 5% - 1.185 millionha 10% - 2.37 million ha 20% - 4.75 million ha
Cost of Cultivation / ha (TNAU) Land Poor soil / Rainfed Spacing 2 x 1.5 Density 3330 I II III Land preparation 2000 0 0 Planting of seedlings 6600 0 0 @Rs.2/- per seedlings Cost of FYM 0 0 0 Fertilizer 0 0 0 Irrigation 0 0 0 Weeding/ intercultivation/ 2000 2000 2000 harvesting Total 10600 2000 2000
Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO s) Seed Land Normal Soil Fertile Soil Spacing 2 x 2 2 x 3 Density 2500 1670 I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. Land 2000 0 0 1670 0 0 preparation Planting of 5000 Rs.2/- 0 0 3330@Rs.2/- 0 0 seedlings per seedlings per seedlings Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0 Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000 Irrigation 2000 1500 1500 2000 1500 1500 Weeding/ 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 intercultivation/ harvesting Total 12500 5500 5500 10500 5500 5500
Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO s) * May be subsidized @Rs.2/- per seedlings Seedlings Land Normal Fertile Spacing 2 x 2 2 x 3 Density 2500 1670 I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. Land 2000 0 0 1670 0 0 preparation Planting of 10000 Rs.4/- 0 0 8680 Rs.4/- 0 0 seedlings per seedlings* per seedlings* Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0 Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000 Irrigation 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Weeding/ 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 intercultivation/ harvesting Total 19000 7500 7500 17350 7500 7500
Yield and Economic Projections Poor Soil / Rainfed Normal Soil Fertile Soil (TNAU) (NGO s) (NGO s) Planting density 2 x 1.5 m 2 x 2 m 2 x 3 m Population/ha 3330 2500 1670 Seed yield/plant (3 rd year) 200 g (Unpruned) 1.00 kg 1.500 kg Seed yield/ha 670 kg (Unpruned) 2500 kg 2500 kg Oil kg 30% 220 kg 830 kg 830 kg Cake kg 70% 450 kg 1670 kg 1670 kg Revenue @ Rs.20/kg oil Rs.4400 Rs.16600 Rs.16600 Revenue @ Rs.5/kg cake Rs.2250 Rs.8350 Rs.8350 Gross Total Rs.6650 Rs.24950 Rs.24950
TNAU Pilot Plant for Bio-diesel Cost of plant - Rs. 1.5 lakhs Capacity - 250 lit/day Conversion efficiency - 99% Bye product - Glycerol Cost of production - Rs. 4 to 5 / lit of bio-diesel
Effect on Rural Economy Seed price Rs.5/kg Seed yield 2000 3000 kg 5 ha plantations/group Rs.60,000 per year income Gainful employment in rural sector Contribution to national energy pool