DUAL MODE ELECTRIC STARTER

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp. 786 791, Article ID: IJMET_09_01_086 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=1 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DUAL MODE ELECTRIC STARTER Oksana Olegovna Gorshkova, Vladimir Ivanovich Nekrasov Tyumen Industrial University, Volodarskogo St., 38, Tyumen, Tyumen region, Ural Federal District, 625000, Russia ABSTRACT This article overviews existing designs of electric starters, their advantages and disadvantages. Possibility to improve specifications of on land vehicles due to increase in reliability and operation lifetime as well as prevention of vehicle startup before oil supply to friction units is considered. The essence of the proposed device is that the electric starter is comprised of DC motor with drive shaft, simple three-link planetary gearing, freewheel clutch, flywheel driving gear, solenoid switch connected to freewheel clutch, herewith, the carrier and the epi cyclic wheel body of simple three-link planetary gearing are equipped with gear rings and gear clutch. Operation of the proposed simple three-link planetary gearing in two modes is described. Technical and economical evaluation of the proposed dual mode electric starter with simple three-link planetary gearing is provided. Key words: dual mode electric starter, planetary gearing, onland vehicle engines, gear rings, gear clutch. Cite this Article: Oksana Olegovna Gorshkova, Vladimir Ivanovich Nekrasov, Dual Mode Electric Starter, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9(1), 2018, pp. 786 791. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=1 1. INTRODUCTION Each internal combustion engine (ICE) is equipped with starter. A peculiar feature of known starters is that they are equipped with battery-driven electric motor, the motor shaft is equipped with freewheel clutch which upon engine start is engaged with gear wheel by special device installed on engine flywheel. When the engine is activated, the gear by the same device is disengaged with the gear wheel on flywheel. The drawback of the existing starters comprised of electric motor, freewheel clutch with shifting lever and closing of starter circuit terminals is forced foot activation. The starter, model 57.3708, installed on VAZ vehicles and comprised of electric motor with four permanent excitation magnets, solenoid switch, freewheel clutch with shifting lever and driving planetary reducer with the carrier shaft in splined screw engagement with drive cage of freewheel is also characterized by some disadvantages. Among them it is possible to mention that upon activation of solenoid switch, the forces, transferred by its armature for motion of freewheel clutch in order to engage its drive gear with gear ring flywheel, are http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 786 editor@iaeme.com

Dual Mode Electric Starter performed by lever and other auxiliary parts which often fail upon activation and deactivation of solenoid switch, thus leading to starter failure. In addition, increased wear of internal working surfaces of freewheel clutch, its driving and driven cages, connecting cylindrical rollers and compressing spiral springs should be mentioned. This increased wear is caused by application of planetary reducer in starter, in this case high difference is observed between angular rotation speed of driven cage with regard to driving one upon overrun after ICE startup, which results in high periodicity of reciprocal movement of connecting cylindrical rollers in freewheel upon their wedging out and up, thus reducing its operation lifetime. In this starter, upon torque transfer from armature shaft of starter motor to driving sun gear of planetary reducer, the safety factor in their splined connection is insufficient leading to torsional twist of rotor shaft of starter motor [1]. The existing electric starters with direct shaft drive to flywheel gear are based on operation of high-torque motor characterized by high sizes and weight [2]. Electric starters with simple planetary gearing between drive shaft and flywheel driving gear [3] are based on operation of high-speed motor of lower metal intensity, in this case the planetary gearing is used only as single-mode reducer. The drawback of this design is limited engine specifications, namely, reliability and operation lifetime. This is attributed to the lack of preliminary oil supply to friction surfaces before engine startup. The starter [4] is comprised of electric motor, planetary reducer with damping elements of elastic material and drive shaft connected with gear, herewith, the sun gear of reducer is connected with the electric motor, carrier and pinion gear by drive shaft installed in roller bearing with fastener, and crown gear with reducer body where longitudinal grooves are provided for installation of damping elements. In order to reduce labor intensity and to increase reliability, the damping elements are made in the form of L-shaped insertions, the outer surface of the crown gear has grooves, whereas horizontal elements of the L-shaped insertions are located simultaneously in body grooves and vertical elements of the insertions are located between the edge of crown gear and fastener of roller bearing. This design is also characterized by some disadvantages, that is, complicated pattern and limited reliability. Another starter with planetary reducer [5] is comprised of body consisting of middle portion, front portion and cover, detachable solenoid switch installed on the body, drive motor comprised of stator fixed internally in the body, armature one end of which is installed with possibility of rotation in support installed in the cover and the other end is inserted into central hole of sun gear of planetary reducer with possibility of torque transfer, herewith, this gear is flexibly connected via pinion gears with carrier which is made integrally with outlet starter shaft, its other end is fixed in front part of the body and engaged by its middle portion with freewheel clutch rigidly connected with ICE flywheel driving gear and kinematically connected by fork with solenoid switch, herewith, the crown gear is made in the form of metal ring with internal teeth, it is contingent at two ends with the first and second protecting elements and is provided by axial fixation in order to prevent torsion along longitudinal axis. A drawback of this design is limited reliability related with rubber elements as well as complicated provision of reduced speed, especially at lower temperatures. Starter with planetary reducer is comprised of the front and middle body portions and cover, solenoid switch, drive electric motor and freewheel clutch, the drive electric motor is comprised of carrier with pinions and end rotors, central braking gear, external and internal concentric stators and control system. The design provides the mode of reduced rotation speed for engine preheating and filling of oil system at activated brake, the stators in this case provide differently directed rotation, planet rotors rotate, and planet pinions are shifted along http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 787 editor@iaeme.com

Oksana Olegovna Gorshkova, Vladimir Ivanovich Nekrasov central gear rotating carrier and freewheel clutch. After brake deactivation the mode of increased speed takes place, when stators provide unidirectional rotation, planet rotors rotate in rest state together with carrier and central gear integrally. After engine startup the solenoid switch and stators are deactivated. The technical result is comprised of possibility to provide mode of reduced speed at starting currents which are lower by times equaling to reducer ratio. This is achieved due to the fact that in the starter with planetary reducer, comprised of the front and middle body portions and cover, solenoid switch, drive electric motor and freewheel clutch, the drive electric motor is comprised of carrier with pinions and end rotors, central braking gear, external and internal concentric stators and control system [6]. The drawback of this starter is insufficient operation lifetime, since engine startup before initiation of oil supply to friction units is not excluded. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that the existing designs of electric starters are characterized by certain disadvantages. In order to improve specifications of onland vehicle engines we propose the electric starter comprised of DC motor with drive shaft, simple threelink planetary gearing, freewheel clutch, flywheel driving gear, solenoid switch connected with freewheel clutch, wherein the carrier and epicyclic wheel body of simple three-link planetary gearing are equipped with gear rings and gear clutch. Herewith, preliminary oil supply to friction units will be provided prior to engine startup. 2. DUAL MODE ELECTRIC STARTER DESIGN The proposed solution provides possibility to improve specifications of onland vehicle engine by means of preliminary oil supply to friction units. The essence of the proposed design is that the electric starter is comprised of DC motor with drive shaft, simple three-link planetary gearing, freewheel clutch, flywheel driving gear, solenoid switch connected with freewheel clutch, herewith, the carrier and epicyclic wheel body of simple three-link planetary gearing are equipped with gear rings and gear clutch providing two operation modes of planetary gearing. Figure 1 illustrates schematically the electric starter with simple three-link planetary gearing. Figure 2 illustrates the fragment of Fig. 1 - layout of simple three-link planetary gearing with carrier and epicyclic wheel body equipped with gear rings and gear clutch. Figure 1 Electric starter with simple three-link planetary gearing http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 788 editor@iaeme.com

Dual Mode Electric Starter Figure 2 Fragment of Fig. 1: schematic view of simple three-link planetary gearing with gear rings and gear clutch on carrier and epicyclic wheel body: 1 - starter body; 2 - cover, collector side; 3 - solenoid switch; 4 - DC motor stator; 5 - armature; 6 - collector; 7 - brush holder; 8 - driving shaft of armature 5; 9 - sun gear of simple three-link planetary gearing; 10 - planetary gearing carrier; 11 - planetary gearing pinion gears; 12 - planetary gearing epicyclic wheel; 13 - shaft of carrier 10; 14 - gear ring of shaft 8 of carrier 10; 15 - body of epicyclic wheel 12; 16 - gear ring of body 15 of epicyclic wheel 12; 17 - gear clutch of gear rings; 18 - gear ring of body wall 1; 19 - freewheel clutch; 20 - flywheel driving gear; 21 - quill driver; 22 - starting lever of quill driver 21; 23 - electric contacts. The solenoid switch 3 is mounted on the body of DC motor 1 with the cover 2. The stator 4 is fixed inside the middle portion of the body 1, the armature 5 with the collector 6 is mounted in the stator 4. The brush holder 7 is fixed in the cover 2, as well as the support of the drive shift 8 rotation of the armature 5. The other end of the drive shaft 8 is fixed in the sun gear 9 of simple three-link planetary gearing, comprised of the carrier 10 with the planet pinions 11 and the epicyclic wheel 12. The planet pinions 11, mounted on supports of the carrier 10, are engaged with the sun gear 9 and the epicyclic wheel 12. The carrier 10 is engaged with the shaft 13 on which the gear ring 14 is fixed. The body 15 of the epicyclic wheel 12 is connected with the gear ring 16, on which the gear clutch 17 is flexibly mounted. On the wall of the body 1 the ring 18 is mounted near the gear rings 16 and 14. The shaft 13 of the carrier 10 is contingent with the drive link of the freewheel clutch 19, the driven wheel of this clutch is rigidly connected with the driving gear of ICE flywheel. The quill driver 21 is flexibly installed on the freewheel clutch 19 and by means of the lever 22 of drive activation is connected with the solenoid switch 3 with the contacts 23 [7]. 3. OPERATION OF DUAL MODE ELECTRIC STARTER Simple three-link planetary gearing operates in two modes. The first mode, pre-starting with low rotation frequency, is used only for the drive of oil pump which will provide oil supply to friction units of onland vehicle engine. The gear clutch 17 is shifted to the wall of the body 1, closes the gear rings 18 and 16, stops the body 15 with the epicyclic wheel 12 with regard to the body 1. After activation of the electric starter current is supplied to the solenoid switch 3 which, closing the contacts 23, supplies current via the collector 6 to the armature 5 and to exciting windings of the stator 4. Herewith, simultaneously the starting lever 22 via the quill driver 21 and the freewheel clutch 19 shifts the driving gear 20 up to engagement with ICE flywheel. The driving shaft 8 of the armature 5 rotates the sun gear 9 which activates the pinion gears 11. The pinion gears 11 rolling around the stopped epicyclic wheel 12 rotate the carrier 10, the shaft 13, the freewheel clutch 19 and the engaged driving gear 20 at low http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 789 editor@iaeme.com

Oksana Olegovna Gorshkova, Vladimir Ivanovich Nekrasov frequency and increased torque, thus terminating the rest of ICE mechanisms and systems, rotating ICE crankshaft, oil pump drive and supplying oil to friction units. The second mode is starting, as of conventional electric starter. The gear clutch 17 is shifted to the freewheel clutch 19, herewith engaging the gear rings 16 and 14, blocking the planetary gearing, since its two links, the carrier 10 and the epicyclic wheel 12 are engaged by the clutch 17. Upon activation of the electric starter the armature 5, the shafts 8, 13 and the driving gear 20 rotate at equal starting frequency. After ICE activation the freewheel clutch 19 disengages the flywheel from electric starter. 4. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL EVAUATION OF DUAL MODE ELECTRIC STARTER Electric starter is comprised of DC motor with drive shaft, simple three-link planetary gearing, freewheel clutch, flywheel driving gear, solenoid switch connected with freewheel clutch, wherein the carrier and epicyclic wheel body of simple three-link planetary gearing are equipped with gear rings and gear clutch. This permits to improve engine specifications: to increase its reliability and operation lifetime due to prevention of engine startup before oil supply to friction units. The invention relates to ICE starters. The technical result is improvement of starter specifications. The proposed dual mode electric starter can be applied in engine starting systems of onland vehicles, that is, in cars, tractors, etc. 5. CONCLUSIONS A peculiar feature of the proposed dual mode electric starter is that the carrier and epicyclic wheel body of simple three-link planetary gearing are equipped with gear rings and gear clutch. This permits to improve engine specifications: to increase its reliability and operation lifetime due to prevention of engine startup before oil supply to friction units because cold startup is very dangerous, it is similar to hundreds of kilometers of vehicle operation. REFERENCES [1] Rukovodstvo po ustroistvu i remontu avtomobilei VAZ 2110, 2111, 2112 [Manual: description and repair of VAZ 2110, 2111, 2112 vehicles]. Moscow: Rus`Avtokniga, 2001. [2] Vishnyakov, N.N., Vakhlamov, V.K. and Narbut, A.N. Avtomobil`: osnovy konstruktsii [Vehicle: basic design]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1986. [3] Akimov, S.V. and Chizhkov, Yu.P. Elektrooborudovanie avtomobilei [Vehicle electrical system]. Moscow: Za rulem, 2004. [4] Author certificate 1420231. [5] Patent RU 2560932 (Litvinenko A.M. and Zhilkin A.V.). [6] Patent RF 2092712, application No. 95116273/06 dated 20.09.95. [7] Patent RU 2567847 (Nekrasov V.I. and Gorshkova O.O.). http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 790 editor@iaeme.com

Dual Mode Electric Starter [8] Gaurav A. Chandak and A. A. Bhole. An Electric Braking System Controller for Brushless DC Motor in Electric Vehicle Application. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 48 56. [9] Narayan Dutt Pandey and Dr. Pratibha Tiwari, Comparison between Speed Control DC Motor Using Genetic Algorithm and PSO-PI D Algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 17 25. [10] R.C.Chourasia and Dr. A.K. Bhardwaj. Enhance Speed Of Brushless Sedc Motor By Using Pid Controller, Neuro- Fuzzy Logic Controller. International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), 5(12), 2015, pp. 357 364. [11] Shithin Pv And Uma Syamkumar, Four Switch Three Phase Brushless Dc Motor Drive For Hybrid Vehicles. International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), 5(12), 2015, pp. 65 75. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 791 editor@iaeme.com