UAV engine EFI components Specifications Manual

Note: If you are not sure about any specific details, please contact us at info@ecotrons.com. Index Page Revision Date Note 1 First Edition 5.3.2015 V1.0 2 Second Edition 6.5.2016 V1.5 3 Third Edition 3.1.2017 V1.6 4 Fourth Edition 6.14.2017 V1.7

Contents 1. UAV EFI System Overview... 1 1.1 EFI System Block Diagram... 1 1.2 Control Strategy Block Diagram... 2 2. ECU... 4 2.1 ECU Overview... 4 2.2 ECU Technical Parameters... 5 2.3 ECU Pin Definition and Description... 6 2.4 ECU Mechanical CAD drawing and dimensions... 7 3. EFI Harness... 8 4. UAV CDI... 9 4.1 UAV CDI Overview... 9 4.2 Technical Parameters... 10 5. Throttle Body... 11 5.1 Throttle body with servo assembled... 11 5.2 Mechanical CAD drawing... 12 6. Fuel supply system... 15 6.1 Fuel pump... 15 6.2 Fuel pressure regulator... 17 6.3 Check value... 19 6.4 Fuel injector... 20 7. Barometric Pressure Sensor... 22 7.1 BARO sensor... 22 7.2 Sensor electrical parameters... 22 8. Map Sensor (Optional for 4 stroke engine only)... 23 8.1 Electrical connection... 23 8.2 Sensor electrical parameters... 23 8.3 Nominal characteristic curve... 24 8.4 Mechanical CAD Drawing... 24 9. TPS sensor (optional for 60cc or bigger engines)... 25 9.1 Circuit diagram of TPS... 25 9.2 Electrical connection... 26 9.3 Output characteristics... 26 9.4 Sensor specifications... 26 10. Servo motor... 27 10.1 Servo motor Picture... 27 10.2 Servo motor electrical characteristics... 27 1 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

10.3 Mechanical CAD Drawing... 28 11. Temperature sensors... 28 11.1 Intake air temperature sensor (IAT)... 28 11.2 Engine temperature sensor... 29 12. Hall sensor... 31 12.1 Hall sensor Picture... 31 12.2 Hall sensor Parameters... 31 12.3 Pin-out definitions... 32 2 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

To meet the requirement of UAV small engine EFI systems, Ecotrons has developed a series of mini-size EFI components. 1. UAV EFI System Overview 1.1 EFI System Block Diagram Abbreviation: IAT: Intake Air Temperature Sensor CHT: Engine Temperature or Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor BARO: Barometric Pressure Sensor MAP: Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor TPS: Throttle Position Sensor KEYSW: Key Switch or Ignition Switch input CKP: Crank Position Sensor 1 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

ROUT: INJ: CDI: SERVO: CAN: FGP: FRP: Knock: Relay control Output Injector control output Capacitor Discharge Ignition Controls Servo motor which controls the throttle position Controller Area Network or CAN bus Gear Pump Rotary Pump Knock sensor for ignition control closed-loop 1.2 Control Strategy Block Diagram Control Strategy Block Diagram (as above) Major control strategies: Charge detection and prediction. Fuel injection controls. Ignition system controls. 2 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Fuel pump controls. Idle speed controls Transient fuel compensations. Decel-fuel-cut-off. Altitude compensations. Temperature compensations (winter, summer, etc.). Engine protections. Diagnostics and serial communications. Servo motor controls (optional). Knock Control (optional). 3 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

2. ECU 2.1 ECU Overview The core part of Ecotrons ECU is Freescale s 16 bit or 32 bit microprocessor that is specifically designed for powertrain controls. ECU also includes some Application Specific Integrated Circuits, or ASIC chips, from world famous automotive semiconductor manufacturers, like Infineon, and International Rectifier etc. Most importantly, Ecotrons ECU contains the state-of-art engine control software which combines both efficiency and flexibility of the modern engine control technology. Ecotrons has a few small engine ECUs; all small sizes and light weight. Below is the latest version, the mini-size UAV ECU (smaller than a business card). It has a Built-in BARO pressure sensor for altitude compensations on ECU. 4 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

2.2 ECU Technical Parameters Voltage 9~16V DC Current 60mA Storage Temperature -40~125 Working Temperature -40~125 Time before Overhaul (TBO) 10000h Weight 120g 5 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

2.3 ECU Pin Definition and Description ECU Connector View: Definition of pins: Number Define Color instructions 1 INJ1 White Fuel injector # 1 low side driver output 2 KEYSW Blue Fuel injector # 1 power output 3 GND Black Power ground 4 GND Black Power ground 5 ROUT White Relay low side driver output 6 KEYSW Blue Relay power output 7 GND Green CKP(pick-up) sensor ground 8 CKP White Crank Position sensor input (Pickup) 9 VCC Yellow Power of Hall sensor 10 CANL Green CANL 11 CANH Yellow CANH 12 MAP White Intake manifold pressure sensor (Optional) 13 RXD White Goes to RXD of RS232 14 TXD Yellow Goes to TXD of RS232 15 GND Green RS232 ground 16 PWMIN White Servo motor PWM input 17 PWMOUT White Servo motor control PWM output (Optional) 18 GND Green Servo motor ground 19 VCCM Yellow Power of servo motor (Optional) 20 NULL ---- --------- 21 NULL ---- --------- 22 GNDP Blue Power ground 23 GNDP Red Power ground 24 KEYSW Blue Power of Mil-Lamp 25 Mil-lamp White Mil-Lamp 6 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

26 12V+ Blue ECU power input 27 12V+ White ECU power input 28 CHT White Cylinder head temp sensor input 29 GND Green CHT ground 30 GND Green IAT ground 31 IAT White Intake air temp sensor input 32 VCC Yellow +5V Power of Throttle position sensor 33 TPS White Throttle position sensor signal 34 GND Green Ground of throttle position sensor 35 Per_SW White Performance switch 36 GND Green Ground 37 CDI-PG White Control signal of CDI 2.4 ECU Mechanical CAD drawing and dimensions All dimensions are in mm, or millimeters. 7 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

3. EFI Harness Harness Picture and Weight Harness Weight: <280g (depending on the final length and EFI parts, with CHT and IAT sensor), 0.5 meter long. Time before Overhaul (TBO): 10000h. The example harness is for rotary fuel pump with Relay, CHT and IAT sensor. 8 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

4. UAV CDI 4.1 UAV CDI Overview Ecotrons UAV CDI ignition system can control one or two spark plug for 2 stroke small UAV engines. This UAV CDI can be programmed by the user. This UAV CDI only needs one input from Ecotrons ECU, which controls the exact ignition timing. Ecotrons UAV CDI ignition system includes single channel and dual channel ignition. UAV CDI- single channel ignition UAV CDI- dual channel ignition If there are two spark plugs on your 2 stroke engine, you need to install the UAV CDI with dual channel ignition, and make high voltage cable go to the spark plug directly. 9 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

UAV CDI- dual channel ignition 4.2 Technical Parameters Total CDI system weight: 120g Power supply: 12V CDI Unit Size: 50x38x29mm Time before Overhaul (TBO): 5000h 1) Minimum RPM limitation of firing: < 250 r/min 2) Working RPM range: 250r/min~11000r/min 3) Withstand voltage: The secondary peak voltage 35kV, without breakdown in continuously 1 minute. 4) Resistance between primary and secondary coil. Measured with digital multimeter: Primary coil 4.0Ω+10%: Secondary coil:13.5kω+10% Measured with Digital inductance meter: Primary coil: 6.5mH+1 0% Measured with bridge: Secondary coil: 20H+10% 5) Spark cap resistance: 5kΩ+10% 6) The secondary peak voltage: when the primary voltage is 200V, the secondary voltage is higher than 22kV. 7) Without breakdown in continuously 30 seconds, 2500r/min 10 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

5. Throttle Body 5.1 Throttle body with servo assembled Note: The throttle body is 60g; The servo motor is 30g; The total assemble is 100g; Time before Overhaul (TBO) of throttle body is 20000h; 14mm Throttle Body 18mm Throttle Body 11 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

22mm Throttle Body 28mm Throttle Body 34mm Throttle Body 5.2 Mechanical CAD drawing 14mm TB CAD drawing: 12 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

18mm TB CAD drawing: 22mm TB CAD drawing: 28mm TB CAD drawing: 13 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

34mm TB CAD drawing: 14 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

6. Fuel supply system 6.1 Fuel pump 1) Picture of Fuel pump Gear Pump Rotor Pump Connect instructions for rotor pump assembly Connect instructions for Gear pump assembly 15 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Fuel tank Gear pump Filter Check valve Injector 2) Basic characteristics Gear Pump Rotor Pump Supply voltage (+11~17) VDC 12VDC Working current <1.5A <=2A Flow <12L/h 25L/h Weight 130g 185g Installation Style External External Working temperature -20~100 o C -40~80 o C Fuel type Gasoline Gasoline with <=20% ethanol Gasoline Gasoline with <=20% ethanol Storage Storage Temp Range -20~100 o C -30 o C~60 o C Humidity -- <=60% Time before Overhaul >=1000h >=2000h (TBO) Storage period -- <=2 years 3) Mechanical Dimensions of the fuel pump: 16 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Rotor Pump 6.2 Fuel pressure regulator 1) Basic characteristics Pressure....300kPa Flow rate.. 25L/h Time before Overhaul (TBO)..>3000h Installation Style..External Working temperature..-40 80 o C 17 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Weight.... 90g Fuel:.Gasoline...Gasoline with <=20% ethanol Storage: Storage Temp Range....-30 o C 60 o C Humidity.. <=60% Storage period. <=2 years 2) Pictures and Mechanical CAD Drawing Metal-shell-fuel pressure regulator 3) CAD drawing 18 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

6.3 Check value Note: Check value is only used with gear fuel pump (weight <1g) Working pressure: 3Bar ( Gauge pressure) CAD drawing: 19 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

6.4 Fuel injector 1) Picture of Fuel injector, the weight is 20g. 2) Basic parameter type Parameters General Working temperature -30 o C-+120 o C technical Storage temperature -40 o C -+75 o C requirements Working voltage 10v-16v Working fuel pressure 200Kpa-450kpa Open time 0.9ms(no-load),1ms(300Kpa load) Close time 0.65ms Difference between open and close time 2%(1000times operated at any linear pulse) The static flow (300Kpa@60s fully open flow) 30g/min, 38g/min, 60, 80, 128g/min etc. Weight 20g Time before Overhaul (TBO) 1600h Coil resistance 12Ω~14.5Ω 20 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Uniformity of the static and dynamic flow <±3% The offset of the spraying flow <±3% Dynamic flow linear error <±3% Required The minimum voltage for operating <7v operating The required overload operating after24@60s: the offset of dynamic flow<±4% voltage voltage Seal leakage <0.3cc/min(400kpa) Atomized particle (50% SMD) 70 Low temperature test High temperature test Thermal shock test Physical performance test Dynamic flow<±3% Seal leakage <0.3cc/min(400kpa) Durability test for 0.6billion Socket performance test of injectors In accordance with QC/T417 Noise performance test of injectors <70db(A) Salt performance test of injectors No corrosion marks on the injectors Offset of dynamic flow <±3%, 3) Mechanical CAD Drawing 21 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

7. Barometric Pressure Sensor 7.1 BARO sensor BARO sensor is build-in the ECU for altitude compensations. 7.2 Sensor electrical parameters Supply Voltage 5±0.25 VDC Working current <10mA Response time <=1ms Static accuracy ±1.5%FS Pressure Range 15~115kPa Output Voltage 0.2~4.8VDC Operating Temperature -40~ +125 Storage Temperature -40~ +125 Time before Overhaul (TBO) 10000h 22 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

8. Map Sensor (Optional for 4 stroke engine only) 8.1 Electrical connection This MAP sensor requires a +5v power supply, and a ground return and has an analog voltage output. The sensor output is in 0-5v range. It is linear proportional to the pressure measured. The MAP sensor usually is used four stroke single cylinder UAV engine. Pin1: Signal wire Output Blue Pin2: Ground wire Ground White Pin3: Power wire +5V Red 8.2 Sensor electrical parameters Working current <10mA Weight 10g Response time <2ms Static accuracy ±1.8%FS Pressure Range 20~103kPa Operating Temperature -40 o C ~ 120 o C Compensated Temperature 0 o C ~ 80 o C Storage Temperature -40 ~ 130 o C Max. Voltage 7 VDC Supply Voltage 5±0.5 VDC Output Voltage 0.5~4.9VDC Pressure Port size 4mm hose (fuel resistant) Overload Pressure 300kPaA Output Type 0-5V Pressure Cycles 30,000kms or more than one year Media Compatibility Air 23 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Time before Overhaul (TBO) 5000h 8.3 Nominal characteristic curve 8.4 Mechanical CAD Drawing Unit: mm 24 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

9. TPS sensor (optional for 60cc or bigger engines) We usually provide the TPS sensor for 60cc or bigger engines. The TPS sensor is mounted on the throttle body. For 20cc to 40cc engines, ECU uses servo motor signal as equivalent TPS signal. 9.1 Circuit diagram of TPS 25 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

9.2 Electrical connection 9.3 Output characteristics 9.4 Sensor specifications 1) Basic specifications NO. Item Criteria 1 Electrical rotation angle 100 2 Mechanical rotation angle 125 3 supply voltage DC +5V 4 Storage temperature -40 o C --120 o C 5 Operating temperature -40 o C --120 o C 6 Total resistance 3kΩ±20% 26 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

7 Output Linearity ±2% 8 Installation torque 49.03 mn.m(max) 9 Weight 15g 2) Durability: Rotation life cycles: Time before Overhaul (TBO) Vibration durability: 5 million, Cycle 5000h 50~2000Hz, Max 25G Thermal shock: -40 o C ~120 o C, Water resistance JIS D0203 Oil resistance: Gasoline, Oil, 24Hr 10. Servo motor 10.1 Servo motor Picture 10.2 Servo motor electrical characteristics Type Torque Speed Analog Servo 4.8V: 47.0 oz-in(3.38kg-cm) 6.0V: 58.0oz-in(4.18kg-cm) 4.8V: 0.25 sec/60 6.0V: 0.25 sec/60 27 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Weight 1.20 oz(34.0 g) Size length: 1.22 in(31.0 mm) width: 0.63 in(16.0 mm) height:1.21 in(30.7mm) Time before Overhaul(TBO) ime 10.3 Mechanical CAD Drawing 11. Temperature sensors 11.1 Intake air temperature sensor (IAT) 1) Sensor Picture IAT sensor installation: it can be inserted into the air filter or installed in the air inlet of manifold. 28 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

2) Sensor electrical characteristics Zero power resistance R25=2KΩ+1% 25 o C B-value B25/50=3470k±1% Thermal time constant 7s max in static air Dissipation constant 0.6mW/ o C in static air ~0.95mW/ o C Power rating 3mW Operating temperature range -40 o C ~150 o C Storage temperature range 0~120 o C Time before Overhaul (TBO) 43800h Weight <=7g 3) Mechanical CAD Drawing 11.2 Engine temperature sensor 1) Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Picture CHT sensor is PT100 type temperature sensor. It can be bolted on to the engine cylinder head with any existing bolt. 2) Sensor electrical characteristics Measuring range -40 ~ + 250 29 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

Allow deviation delta The thermal response time Minimum in depth Allow electricity Advantages Time before Overhaul (TBO) Weight 3) Mechanical CAD Drawing UAV engine EFI Components Specs V1.7 A#: ±(0.15+0.002 t ); B#: ±(0.30+0.005 t ) < 30 s 200 mm 5mA Resistance to vibration, Stability is good, High accuracy, Resistance to high pressure etc. 43800h <=10g 30 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

12. Hall sensor 12.1 Hall sensor Picture 12.2 Hall sensor Parameters Electrical Characteristics Supply voltage... (+4.5~30)VDC Supply Current (MAX). 10mA Current output..<300ma Operating temperature...(-25~+70) o C Voltage output (MAX) 40V Current output (MAX) 20mA Output type...oc (OPEN COLLECTOR) Mechanical Dimensions 31 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

12.3 Pin-out definitions Pin1: Signal wire Pin2: Power + wire (+5V) Pin3: Ground wire White Red Black Hall Effect sensor works with S-pole magnet, when it works, the voltage of signal will be low. 32 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com

33 Copy right ECOTRONS LLC http://www.ecotrons.com