ZOE Battery Durability, Field Experience and Future Vision Dr. Bruno DELOBEL, Dr. Isabel JIMENEZ GORDON, Dr. Lucie LEVEAU Renault Battery Development Department 1
World EV Market ZOE Fluence / SM3 Twizy Kangoo ZE Alliance Cumulated EV sales: >350k: ~250k for NISSAN ~100k for RENAULT 2016 Alliance EV sale: ~100k for the Alliance LEAF 2016 Word wide EV Sales: ~500k (~250k for China) e-nv200 2
Installation in the Renault ZOE 3
ZOE Electric Drive Components ZOE made in Flins (France) Driving Range 400km (NEDC) E-Powertrain made in Cleon (France) 65kW, 220Nm 22kW AC integrated charger Battery assembled in Flins (France) Usable energy 41 kwh Voltage : 240V-403V DC 4
Battery Pack for ZOE Usable Energy 41kWh 12 modules inside Maximum power Nominal voltage Pack weight 80kW 360V 300kg (+21kg) Cooling air interface (1 inlet / 2 outlets) Service Disconnect Switch High voltage connector No pack modification to reach 400km (NEDC) Only module and BMS SW evolution 5
ZOE NEDC range evolution since 2013 NEDC Range (km) 500 450 400 350 300 240km 400km New Battery ZE40 250 200 210km E-powertrain R240 150 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year 6
ZOE Battery Energy Density Improvement How to go from 240 to 400km based on cell energy density improvements? ZOE 240km ZOE 400km Cell Chemistry Cell design 20% 80% Improvements mainly based on cell design 7
Driving range evolution Range (NEDC km) > 2020 ~ 600 km 2016 400 km 2013-2016 240 km 2013 210 km 8
Cell performance evolution Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg) 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 300 Wh/l 200 100 160 Wh/kg 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year 9
Cell performance evolution Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg) 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 500 Wh/l 400 300 300 Wh/l 200 100 240 Wh/kg 160 Wh/kg 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year 10
Cell performance evolution Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg) 1100 1000 900 800 700 ~800 Wh/l 600 500 Wh/l 500 Li-ion Technology 400 300 Wh/l 300 ~350 Wh/kg 200 100 240 Wh/kg 160 Wh/kg 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year 11
Cell performance evolution Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg) 1100 1000 900 800 700 ~800 Wh/l 1000 Wh/l Post Li-ion? 600 500 Wh/l 500 Li-ion Technology 400 500 Wh/kg 300 Wh/l 300 ~350 Wh/kg 200 100 240 Wh/kg 160 Wh/kg 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year 12
Cell performance evolution How to go from 500 to 800Wh/l cell energy density? 500Wh/l? 800Wh/l Ni-rich Si-based Cell Chemistry Cell design Space optimization Thinner foils Electrolyte High loading Additives Separator New chemistries needed for reaching 800Wh/l 13
Cycle number Requirements Roadmap for EV Cycle life requirement estimation Usage 1 Usage 2 Usage 3 Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3 City Highway 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Total pack energy (kwh) 14
Cycle number Requirements Roadmap for EV Cycle life requirement estimation Usage 1 Usage 2 Usage 3 2013 Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3 City Highway 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Total pack energy (kwh) 15
Cycle number Requirements Roadmap for EV Cycle life requirement estimation Usage 1 Usage 2 Usage 3 2013 2016 Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3 City Highway 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Total pack energy (kwh) 16
Cycle number Requirements Roadmap for EV Cycle life requirement estimation Usage 1 Usage 2 Usage 3 2013 2016 Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3 City Highway 20XX 20XX 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Total pack energy (kwh) Cycle life requirement will not decrease (too much) 17
ZOE ZE22 Battery: Durability Durability = Storage + Cycling T C T C SOC Energy throughput Power SOC range Customers usages need to be mastered for better battery design 18
ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on T C distribution -10 C<T C<40 C Average T C~15 C 19
ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day) 20
ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution Mild Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day) 21
ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution Mild Average Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day) 22
ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution Mild Average Severe Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day) 23
ZOE ZE22 Battery Durability: Example of 3 usage cases Field data Model result Expected durability is achieved and confirmed by our life estimation model 24
CONCLUSIONS RENAULT succeed to increase the driving range from 240km* (ZE22) to 400km* (ZE40) without modifying the pack architecture Renault will adapt this new chemistry to others vehicles (i.e. Kangoo ZE, Master ZE, ) ZE22 Battery life has been confirmed through field data analysis and life estimation model For achieving higher energy density, new chemistries are needed (i.e. Si-based anode, Ni-rich, Electrolyte, Additives ) *NEDC cycle 25
RENAULT ZE VEHICLES Twizy ZOE ZE40 Fluence/SM3 ZE Kangoo ZE http://www.renault-ze.com/ 26
RENAULT ZE VEHICLES to be launched MASTER ZE New Kangoo ZE 200km (NEDC) 270km (NEDC) 27
Thank you for your attention 28