Table 1. GDP per Capita, current prices, -211 (US$) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 211 Estimates Start After Brunei Darussalam 18,477 16,828 16,977 18,757 21,885 25,754 29,949 31,44 36,223 26,423 29,852 36,584 288 39 327 349 393 455 514 63 711 73 753 852 28 Indonesia 8 767 922 1,91 1,177 1,291 1,622 1,898 2,212 2,299 2,981 3,59 211 Lao PDR 33 34 314 356 411 464 596 694 856 886 1,4 1,24 29 Malaysia 4,3 3,864 4,78 4,352 4,816 5,211 5,839 6,873 8,91 6,917 8,418 9,7 Myanmar 178 129 13 197 195 216 257 35 533 587 742 832 26 Philippines 1,55 97 1,15 1,25 1,93 1,29 1,45 1,684 1,918 1,827 2,123 2,223 Singapore 22,791 21,1 22,28 23,29 26,419 28,498 31,763 36,695 38,87 36,567 43,865 49,271 Thailand 1,983 1,854 2,2 2,261 2,63 2,825 3,296 3,918 4,3 4,151 4,992 5,394 211 Viet Nam 42 413 44 489 554 637 724 835 1,48 1,68 1,174 1,374 27 ASEAN 1,173 1,19 1,213 1,346 1,488 1,633 1,929 2,277 2,68 2,543 3,117 3,538 CLMV 311 33 318 37 49 467 537 638 829 858 976 1,127 Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 212
Table 2. GDP per capita, PPP, - (constant 25 international $) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Brunei Darussalam 48,478 48,719 49,533 49,922 49,162 48,377 49,523 48,654 46,82 45,156 NA 1,35 1,1 1,157 1,238 1,348 1,58 1,651 1,799 1,898 1,879 1,968 Indonesia 2,623 2,683 2,768 2,863 2,97 3,12 3,236 3,43 3,57 3,694 3,88 Lao PDR 1,346 1,399 1,458 1,524 1,597 1,685 1,81 1,96 2,21 2,141 2,288 Malaysia 1,29 1,26 1,329 1,69 11,178 11,544 11,996 12,554 12,942 12,526 13,214 Myanmar 598 66 735 832 941 1,62 1,194 1,328 1,454 1,596 1,749 Philippines 2,697 2,717 2,758 2,837 2,968 3,51 3,153 3,33 3,382 3,364 3,56 Singapore 38,37 36,573 37,776 4,11 43,26 45,374 47,84 49,877 47,995 46,211 51,966 Thailand 5,497 5,551 5,778 6,122 6,443 6,675 6,954 7,249 7,378 7,16 7,673 Viet Nam 1,597 1,686 1,784 1,893 2,16 2,161 2,313 2,482 2,611 2,721 2,875 ASEAN 3,246 3,288 3,46 3,556 3,738 3,98 4,98 4,32 4,466 4,489 4,748 CLMV 1,218 1,295 1,382 1,484 1,61 1,739 1,884 2,38 2,164 2,273 2,421 NA: Not available Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, April 212
Figure 1: Total Trade and Trade Openness of the Greater Mekong Subregion, 199 ($ million, % of total GDP) Lao PDR 1. 1. 8. 6. 4... 199 Total Trade, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Trade Openness (Total Trade as % of GDP) Myanmar 14. 12. 1. 8. 6. 4. 2.. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3.. 1.. 199 Total Trade, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Trade Openness (Total Trade as % of GDP) Thailand 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.. 18. 16. 14. 1. 1. 8. 6. 4... 199 Total Trade, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Trade Openness (Total Trade as % of GDP) 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.. Viet Nam 4. 35. 3. 25.. 15. 1. 5.. 199 Total Trade, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Trade Openness (Total Trade as % of GDP) 14. 12. 1. 8. 6. 4. 2.. 18. 16. 14. 1. 1. 8. 6. 4... 199 Total Trade, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Trade Openness (Total Trade as % of GDP) GDP = gross domestic product, Lao PDR = Lao People s Democratic Republic. Sources: ADB ARIC Integration Indicators Database 18. 16. 14. 12. 1. 8. 6. 4. 2..
Figure 2. Direction of Trade, 199 (a) (b) Lao PDR 45% 8% 4% 7% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% 199- - -24 25-29 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 199- - -24 25-29 % GMS ASEAN-5 PRC Japan EU US % GMS ASEAN-5 PRC Japan EU US (c) Myanmar (d) Thailand 35% 3% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% 199- - -24 25-29 25% 2% 15% 1% 199- - -24 25-29 % GMS ASEAN-5 PRC Japan EU US 5% % GMS ASEAN-5 PRC Japan EU US (e) Viet Nam 25% 2% 15% 1% 199- - -24 25-29 5% % GMS ASEAN-5 PRC Japan EU US Sources: IMF Direction of Trade Statistics, (data for 199-); UNCTADStat Database (data for -)
Table 3. Manufactures by Degree of Factor Intensity,,, 25 and Country Degree of Manufacturing 25 Labor-intensive and resource-based manufactures 93% 97% 91% 82% Manufactures with low skill and technology intensity 1% % % 3% Manufactures with medium skill and technology intensity 2% 1% % 2% Manufactures with high skill and technology intensity 3% % % % Unclassified 1% 2% 8% 13% Labor-intensive and resource-based manufactures 94% 67% 92% 75% Manufactures with low skill and technology intensity % 31% 1% 1% Lao PDR Manufactures with medium skill and technology intensity 1% % 3% 13% Manufactures with high skill and technology intensity 4% 1% 2% 8% Unclassified % % 2% 2% Labor-intensive and resource-based manufactures 8% 95% 91% 9% Manufactures with low skill and technology intensity 1% % 3% 4% Myanmar Manufactures with medium skill and technology intensity 6% 2% 3% 2% Manufactures with high skill and technology intensity 11% 2% 2% 2% Unclassified 1% 1% 1% 1% Labor-intensive and resource-based manufactures 32% 21% 16% 12% Manufactures with low skill and technology intensity 5% 5% 6% 6% Thailand Manufactures with medium skill and technology intensity 2% 24% 31% 36% Manufactures with high skill and technology intensity 39% 47% 43% 42% Unclassified 4% 3% 3% 5% Labor-intensive and resource-based manufactures 75% 71% 68% 59% Manufactures with low skill and technology intensity 2% 3% 6% 8% Viet Nam Manufactures with medium skill and technology intensity 13% 1% 12% 13% Manufactures with high skill and technology intensity 7% 14% 12% 14% Unclassified 3% 2% 2% 5% Source: UNCTAD UNCTADStat Database
Figure 3: Foreign Direct Investment and FDI Openness in the Greater Mekong Subregion,199 ($ million, % of total GDP) Lao PDR 7 6 5 4 3 1 199 21 Inward FDI stock, in million US$ Myanmar 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Inward FDI stock, % of GDP 29 6 5 4 3 2 1 25 15 1 5 199 21 Inward FDI stock, in million US$ Thailand 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Inward FDI stock, % of GDP 29 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 9 6 14 45 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 199 Inward FDI stock, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Inward FDI stock, % of GDP 5 4 3 2 1 Viet Nam 1 1 8 6 4 199 Inward FDI stock, in million US$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Inward FDI stock, % of GDP 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 6 5 4 3 1 199 Inward FDI stock, in million US$ 21 22 23 FDI = foreign domestic investment, Lao PDR = Lao People s Democratic Republic. Source: UNCTAD UNCTADStat Database. 24 25 26 27 28 29 Inward FDI stock, % of GDP 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Figure 4. FDI net inflow, intra- and extra-asean, 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 55.4 59.3 61.9 93.1 83.7 44.6 4.7 38.1 6.9 16.3 Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN Source: ASEAN Secretariat, February 212
To (across) - From (down) Table 4. Intra-GMS Labor Flows, and Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam GMS World - 1,352 282 29,62 35 31,64 282,252 Lao PDR 868-427 46,18 59 47,912 335,79 Myanmar 173-171,759 1,925 174,248 326,397 391 Thailand 1,363 2,23 312-1,635 14,513 691,258 Viet Nam 122,14 13,41 1,987 13,191-15,683 1,748,828 Total GMS 223,58 17,347 3,8 26,678 4,419 World 236,597 21,718 98,7 688,997 4,599 To (across) - From (down) Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam GMS World 99 NA 49,75 NA 5,659 35,485 Lao PDR 1,235 NA 77,443 NA 78,678 366,663 Myanmar 247 143 NA 288,487 NA 288,877 514,667 Thailand 142,767 916 NA NA 143,682 811,123 Viet Nam 173,694 8,167 NA 22,156 NA 24,17 2,226,41 Total GMS 317,943 1,134 NA 437,837 NA World 335,829 18,916 88,695 1,157,263 69,37 Note: Disaggregated data for Myanmar and Viet Nam inward migration unavailable. Source: Migration data from the World Bank's Bilateral Migration and Remittances, Bilateral Migration Matrix. Country Table 5. Intra-GMS Labor Flows as a Share of Total Migration, Outward Intra-GMS Inward Ratio of Outbound/ Inbound Outward Total Migration Inward Ratio of Outbound/ Inbound Share of Intra- GMS to Total Migration (%) Outward Inward 5,659 317944.16 35485 335829 1.4 14.5% 94.7% Lao PDR 78,678 1134 7.76 366663 18916 19.38 21.5% 53.6% Myanmar 288,877 NA -- 514667 88695 5.8 56.1%.% Thailand 143,682 437839.33 811123 1157263.7 17.7% 37.8% Viet Nam 24,17 NA -- 222641 6937 32.12 9.2% -- Note: Disaggregated data for Myanmar and Viet Nam inward migration unavailable. Source: Migration data from the World Bank's Bilateral Migration and Remittances, Bilateral Migration Matrix.
Figure 5. Registered migrant workers in Thailand from, Lao PDR and Myanmar, by nationality and sex, December 29 1% 8% 45,816 57,874 487,397 591,87 6% 4% 2% 78,945 52,98 591,37 723,295 % Lao PDR Myanmar Total Male Female Source: IMO Thailand, Thailand Migration Report 211 Figure 6. Registered migrant workers in Thailand from, Lao PDR and Myanmar, by type of work, December 29 Other 24% Agriculture 17% Recycling 1% Plastic business 1% Trade 3% Garments 4% Food sales 4% Fishing 4% Agri. Processing 5% Source: IMO Thailand, Thailand Migration Report 211 Household 1% Construction 17% Seafood processing 1%
Figure 7. GDP per capita, PPP (constant 25 international $) indexed to values, -211 ASEAN countries excluding Brunei Darussalam 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Excludes Brunei Darussalam due to lack of data. Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, April 212 Figure 8. GDP per capita, PPP (constant 25 international $) indexed to values, -211, CLMV vs. Thailand 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, April 212
Figure 9: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 25 international $) as a share of Thailand s GDP per capita, -211 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, April 212 Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam
Table 6. Poverty in ASEAN, Various s Country Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) Poverty gap at $1.25 a day (PPP) (%) Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) Poverty headcount ratio at rural poverty line (% of rural population) Poverty headcount ratio at urban poverty line (% of urban population) Initial Final Initial Final Initial Final Initial Final Initial Final 37.69 (24) 22.75 (28) 1.2 (24) 4.87 (28) 34.7 (24) 3.1 (27) Indonesia 29.31 18.6 6.3 3.31 18.2 13.3 (22) () (22) () (22) () Lao PDR 43.96 33.88 12.11 8.95 33.5 27.6 (22) (28) (22) (28) (22) (28) Myanmar NA NA NA NA NA 25.6 () Malaysia.54 NA.6 NA 5.7 3.8 (24) (24) (24) (29) Philippines 22.45 18.42 5.48 3.72 33 26.5 () Thailand 3.4 () (29).37 (29) ().5 () (29).5 (29) () 21 () (29) 8.1 (29) 37.8 (24) 34.5 (27) 21.1 16.6 (22) () NA 31.7 (28) NA 29.2 () 11.9 8.2 (24) (29) 17.6 (24) 11.8 (27) 14.5 9.9 (22) () NA 17.4 (28) NA 15.7 () 2.5 1.7 (24) (29) Average Annual Rate of Total Poverty Reduction Value (period) (%) 1.55 (24 ).61 (22 ) 1.18 (23 28) 1.3 (25 ).38 (24 29) NA NA NA NA.72 ( 29) 26.5 1.4 8.6 3 1.43 ( () (29) () (29) 29) Viet Nam 4.5 (22) 16.85 (28) 11.2 (22) 3.75 (28) 28.9 (22) 14.2 () 35.6 (22) 17.4 () 6.7 (22) 6.9 ().7 (22 26) Data unavailable for Brunei Darussalam, and Singapore. Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators, March 212. Average annual rate of total poverty reduction and poverty data for Myanmar and Viet Nam from Warr, P. (212). Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Paper presented at the Conference on GMS 22: Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability, 2-21 February 212.
Table 7. Human Development Index (HDI) Rank and Value HDI Rank Country 25 26 27 28 29 211 26 Singapore.81.835.843.85.855.856.864.866 33 Brunei Darussalam.818.83.834.835.834.835.837.838 61 Malaysia.75.738.742.746.75.752.758.761 13 Thailand.626.656.661.67.672.673.68.682 112 Philippines.62.622.624.63.635.636.641.644 124 Indonesia.543.572.579.591.598.67.613.617 128 Viet Nam.528.561.568.575.58.584.59.593 138 Lao PDR.448.484.491.5.57.514.52.524 139.438.491.51.58.513.513.518.523 149 Myanmar.38.436.448.459.468.474.479.483 Source: United Nations Development Programme, accessed: 4/2/212, from: http://hdr.undp.org Table 8. Non-Income Poverty in ASEAN, Various s Life expectancy at birth, total (years) Infant mortality rate (per 1, live births) Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 1, live births) Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 29 28 29 Brunei 76.2 77.8 7.2 5.8 24 21 92.7 95.3 Darussalam (21) 57.5 62.1 77.3 42.9 47 29 73.61 (24) 77.6 (28) Indonesia 65.6 68.5 38.4 27.2 35 24 9.4 (24) 92.2 (28) Lao PDR 61.4 66.7 64.4 42.1 79 58 69.6 72.7 (25) Malaysia 72.1 73.8 9.1 5.4 39 31 88.7 92.5 Myanmar 61.9 64.2 63.5 5.4 29 24 89.9 92. Philippines 66.8 68.2 3.4 23.2 12 94 92.6 95.4 (28) Singapore 78.1 81.3 2.9 2.1 15 9 92.5 94.7 Thailand 72.5 73.8 15.2 11.2 63 48 92.6 93.5 (25) Viet Nam 71.9 74.6 27 18.6 91 56 9.2 92.8 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, March 212
Country s Reported Initial Final Table 9. Inequality in ASEAN, Various s Initial Gini Final Income share held by highest 2% Initial Final Income share held by lowest 2% Initial Final Income share held by second 2% 24 27 41.85 44.37 49.37 51.68 6.89 6.57 1.2 9.4 Indonesia 22 25 29.74 34.1 39.62 42.76 9.53 8.34 13.2 12.3 Lao PDR 22 28 32.63 36.74 41.59 44.84 8.57 7.64 12.31 11.33 Malaysia 24 27 37.91 46 44.78 51.4 6.46 4.69 1.81 8.72 Philippines 29 46.9 42.98 52.3 49.69 5.37 5.98 8.75 9.42 Thailand 28 42.84 4.51 49.84 47.69 6.2 6.6 9.61 1.12 Viet Nam 22 28 37.55 35.57 45.57 43.41 7.46 7.42 1.86 11.52 Data unavailable for Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, and Singapore. Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators, database updated March 212 Initial Final
Table 1. Cost of Exporting and Importing, 25-211 Country Name Indicator Name 25 26 27 28 29 211 736 722 722 732 732 732 732 Cost to export (US$ per Lao PDR 142 142 175 186 186 186 188 container) Thailand 848 848 615 625 625 625 625 Viet Nam 468 468 468 533 555 555 58 816 852 852 872 872 872 872 Cost to import (US$ per Lao PDR 169 169 193 24 24 24 235 container) Thailand 142 142 786 795 795 795 75 Viet Nam 586 586 586 66 645 645 67 7 1 1 1 1 9 9 Lao PDR Documents to export (number) 11 11 9 9 9 9 9 Thailand 9 9 7 5 5 5 5 Viet Nam 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 11 11 11 11 1 1 Lao PDR Documents to import (number) 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 Thailand 12 12 9 5 5 5 5 Viet Nam 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 43 37 37 22 22 22 22 Lao PDR Time to export (days) 66 66 5 5 5 48 44 Thailand 24 24 17 14 14 14 14 Viet Nam 24 24 24 24 22 22 22 54 45 45 29 29 26 26 Lao PDR Time to import (days) 78 78 5 5 5 5 46 Thailand 22 22 14 13 13 13 13 Viet Nam 23 23 23 23 21 21 21 Data unavailable for Myanmar. Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, March 212
Table 11. Logistical Performance Index, 29 Country Indicator 29 2.5 Lao PDR Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments 2.45 Myanmar (1=low to 5=high) 2.36 Thailand 3.41 Viet Nam 3.1 2.29 Lao PDR Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics 2.14 Myanmar services (1=low to 5=high) 2.1 Thailand 3.16 Viet Nam 2.89 2.19 Lao PDR Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced 2.7 Myanmar shipments (1=low to 5=high) 2.37 Thailand 3.27 Viet Nam 3.4 2.28 Lao PDR Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance process 2.17 Myanmar (1=low to 5=high) 1.94 Thailand 3.2 Viet Nam 2.68 2.84 Lao PDR Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach 3.23 Myanmar consignee within scheduled or expected time (1=low to 5=high) 3.29 Thailand 3.73 Viet Nam 3.44 2.12 Lao PDR Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport-related 1.95 Myanmar infrastructure (1=low to 5=high) 1.92 Thailand 3.16 Viet Nam 2.56 2.37 Lao PDR 2.46 Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high) Myanmar 2.33 Thailand 3.29 Viet Nam 2.96 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators March 212