1 Advanced Power Electronics Systems Enable Utility Industry Transformation Wanda Reder IEEE Fellow, Member NAE S&C Electric Company - Chief Strategy Officer, Wanda.reder@sandc.com November 9, 2017
2 Overview Grid trends and drivers Modern grid changes how we: Make it Move it Use it Future grid examples Opportunities remain
S&C Delivers Solutions 3
4 Grid Trends and Drivers Growing Expectations for Reliability Aging infrastructure is prone to failure Increasing Environmental Requirements Escalating Security Concerns Increasing Climatic Vulnerability
Changes How We Make Energy: More distributed supply Accommodate growth Move Energy: Flexible, intelligent, resilient Better reliability, visibility Use Energy: Integrate end-use activity Empower customers Innovation: Energy storage Power electronics Distributed intelligence Adaptive protection Layered architecture Self-diagnostic, healing Data, cyber, analytics Source: IEEE GridVision 2050
Changes how we Make It US Solar in 2016: Cost drops to ~$1.50 / Watt Nearly 15,000 MW added Utilities are installing it Top choice for new generation A new MW every 36 minutes
Changes how we Move It Integrated Old Grid Grid 2017 S&C Electric Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evolving Control Architecture Multi-directional power flow DER inter-connections Dynamic operations System balancing Microgrids Voltage swings
The Need for Speed Distributed Intelligence Centralized Control IntelliRupter Fault Interruption Uniterruptible Power Supply Communication-Enhanced Coordination Frequency Control Energy Storage (grid-scale & CES) Self-Healing Grid Reconfiguration Active Network Management Distribution Management System Volt/VAR Control Outage Management System Geospatial Information System Advanced Metering Infrastructure 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Time - seconds
Distributed Intelligence is Key IntelliRupter PulseCloser Interrupt fault current Segments load Two-way sensing Adaptive protection Detects power quality events Reliability + reduced labor + future proof
Merchant 11 Move It With A New Business Model Market Owner-Developer Suppliers Community Large Customers 4.2 MW solar plant with 7 MW energy storage: Minster, Ohio USA
12 Changes How we Use It Structural efficiency Energy efficiency Water efficiency Waste efficiency
13 Microgrid Advantages 1. Greater reliability and resiliency 2. Greener power 3. Modernized infrastructure 4. Increased security 5. Cost savings 6. Local engagement The traditional utility model integrates microgrids
Microgrid: Santa Rita Jail, California
ONCOR Microgrid Utilized distributed generation Two solar photovoltaic arrays One micro-turbine Two energy storage units Four generators Four interconnected micro-grids Energy storage is the backbone 15
16 Tests renewables + automation + battery storage Ameren Microgrid 1,475 kw connected to grid Wind: 100 kw Solar: 125 kw Natural Gas: 1,000 kw Storage: 250 kw Military-grade cybersecure controller Ameren Microgid Champaign, Illinois
Storage is Important Synchronize sources Smooth transition to/from utility source Manage intermittency Energy Storage - Solar Hybrid Project Minimize reverse power flow, maintain voltage Store output and release coincidental with load Energy Storage Wind Hybrid Project 17
Many Implications 18 Increased pace of change More dynamics, complexity, integration Reliability (really) matters Changing distribution functionality New worries voltage swings, harmonics, security Architect for the future Energy Financial Services Bulk Power System Energy Provider Customer Distribution Operations Energy Related Services Energy Device Firms Processes and coordination needed
Exponential Technology Change But, how fast can WE change?
Technology Convergence Cugnot's steam wagon, 1771 Electric Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 Benz Motorwagen, IC engine, 1885 Model-T Ford, 1915 GM Urban Electric Concept Car - 1973 Toyota Prius, 1997 Tesla Model S, 2012 Liquid Power Fuse 1911 Cutouts 1933 Electronics in Fault Fiter - 1982 Automation with Scada-Mate - 1990 IntelliRupter - 2006 Grid-Scale Battery 2006 TripSaver 2007 GridMaster For Microgrids - 2013? [IATA Vision 2050, 2011] Source: Kiruba Haran, University of Illinois, High-Specific-Power Machines and Drives for Aircraft Propulsion
Changing Workforce Needs 21 Automatic Controls Big Data Analytics Systems Theory Information Technology Standards Power Electronics Computer Engineering Communications Marketing, Economics Smart Grid Engineering Security Energy Conversion Public Policy Consumer Behavior Signal Processing Transmission & Dist. Engineering Engineering Physics Adopted from Source: Professional Resources to Implement the Smart Grid ; Gerald T. Heydt and others. 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting
Topics for Discussion Address volume / cost conundrum Align durability and life-expectancy with industry norms Integrate and control to meet wide-reaching utility needs Protection, interconnects, demand-side, microgrids, optimization Standardize for interoperability, scalability Develop markets and policies Address changing workforce needs Education, familiarity, adaptability Modeling, training, testing, planning tools, simulation Self-diagnostics, fool-proof operations, condition-based maintenance
In Closing Recognize global energy needs Transforming how we: Make it Move it Use it Embrace the challenge. Innovate. Increase the rate of learning If we did all the things we are really capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves Thomas Edison