Micro Grids, Renewable Generation, Electric Power Resiliency

Transcription

1 Micro Grids, Renewable, Electric Power Resiliency Patrick E. Mantey Ali Adabi CITRIS Jack Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa Cruz 2014

2 Micro grids: On Customer Side of the Meter

3 Micro Grid MUD Campus Building Complex Apartment Complex Commercial Building Farm Home

4 Why Micro Grid? Island operation (no grid to serve) Rural areas Electrical power availability Grid outage storms instability terrorism

5 Outages Large areas Longer time to restoration

6 Power System Restoration M.M. Adibi (editor) ISBN: pages June 2000, Wiley-IEEE Press

7 Power System Restoration At a time when bulk power systems operate close to their design limits, the restructuring of the electric power industry has created vulnerability to potential blackouts. Prompt and effective power system restoration is essential for the minimization of downtime and costs to the utility and its customers, which mount rapidly after a system blackout.

8 Resiliency ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change

9 Micro Grid Management Research Project Needs smart meter data and more Working on low-cost instrumentation

10 Microgrid Grid Fossil Microgri d Wind Turbine Load Solar Storage

11 Instrumentation Overview

12 Develop and apply a cost/effective system including: monitoring of disaggregated energy use Load control (shedding / adding) Fossil fuel minimization Management of storage Control/Operate small micro grid (nano-grid?) Transform / integrate data into intelligence Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

13 Micro grid Challenges Control Challenge does not scale Small micro grids not easier than large ones Maintaining voltage, frequency Renewable volatility Loads Constraints Limited Storage Minimize use of fossil fuel

14

15

16

17 Microgrid Control: Load Matches Load Wind Electric Car Solar HVAC

18 Microgrid : Load Exceeds (Grid Connected) Load Grid Wind Solar Electric Car Washer & Dryer HVAC

19 Microgrid : Load Exceeds (Grid Connected) Load $$Grid $$ Wind Solar Electric Car Washer & Dryer HVAC

20 Microgrid: Exceeds Loads (Island) Load

21 Microgrid Control: Matches Loads(Island) Load Solar Wind Solar Storage as load Electric Car HVAC

22 Microgrid : Load Exceeds (Island) Load

23 Microgrid Grid LM=Load Monitor Fossil Microgri d L M Wind Turbine Microgrid Monitorin g And Control Loa d L M Solar L M Storage

24 Do we need a control room for Microgrid?

25 Control /Synchronization Ideal smooth transitions from gridconnected to operation isolated from grid and back to grid connection.

26 Today Going off grid e.g. conventional backup Grid connection failure initiates local generation With adequate backup storage and local renewable, may not be disruptive Otherwise, delay to bring up local generation

27

28 Grid to Microgrid Going off grid requires matching local load to generation excess problem of back feed of generator(s) deficiency won t carry load Local energy storage critical for smooth transition Need automated load management to match loads to available power when off-grid Implies good instrumentation and remote control of loads power on / off, and possibly varying load

29 Control /Synchronization Ideal smooth transitions from isolated micro grid back to grid connected operation Reconnection to the grid requires synchronization

30 Today Reconnecting to grid synchronization Requires local generation disconnected May need to reduce load before reconnect Load brought back slowly Reconnect Renewable (solar, wind) via inverter Power System Restoration

31 Conclusion Micro grids present challenges Micro grids have value to both Consumers Utilities