US/EU EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers Harmonization of PEV standards, technology and test procedures Keith Hardy EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Center, Argonne National Laboratory US DOE Vehicle Technologies Office COTEVOS Industry Summit Rome, 25 May 2015
Shared Interests in EU and US Transatlantic Agreement DOE Asst. Sec. David Sandalow and JRC DG Dominique Ristori signing the Letter of Intent to establish EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers in the US and EU, November, 2011. Witnessed by EC Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society, Günther Oettinger, then EC Trade Commissioner, Karel DeGucht, and current US Trade Representative, Michael Froman. (Courtesy US State Dept.) Work Plan for Advancing Transatlantic E-mobility Cooperation (November 2011) Adopted by Transatlantic Economic Council to help prevent unnecessary regulatory divergence and promote EV-smart grid interoperability Priorities Common or compatible standards for EVs Cooperation among regulators Joint research - charging, energy storage, safety Compatible EV-grid communication Pilot Projects EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers at Argonne National Laboratory and Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy and Transport Electric vehicles and smart charging infrastructure as an integral part of a smart energy community approach 2
Role of E-Mobility societal perspective Decrease emissions/petroleum consumption in transportation Utilize multiple electric power generation sources from a continually improving grid Contribute to local/regional energy management Controllable load, e.g., demand response and/or smart charging V2X store energy/provide power Ancillary/emergency services, integration with renewables Behind the meter integration with smart buildings/ders Source: Siemens Source: SCE 3
PEV-Grid Integration an Enabler for Societal Benefits Interoperability is key to smart charging and grid integration the ability to charge conveniently, safely and securely anywhere, anytime with no extraordinary actions required by the vehicle operator Connectivity and communication for PEVs and the grid were developed independently PEV-grid interfaces must be harmonized Interoperability must be verified Harmonize interfaces, interoperability requirements & compliance tools EV-EVSE Compatibility EVSE-Grid Communication Energy Service Provider 4
5 Multiple Standards and Development Organizations
Enabling Technologies Harmonization of standards and/or new technology is required to adapt physical interfaces and translate message protocols to implement smart grid integration Necessitates development of compact metrology, communication controllers and protocol translation software Technology needed to adapt interfaces and support advanced features AC, AC inductive and DC charge couplers Metrology; sub-meters Communication controllers and protocols 6
EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers Harmonize Interoperability, PEV and Battery Test Procedures 2011 2012 2013 2014 DOE-EC JRC Agreement ANL PEV-Grid Integration Lab JRC Interoperability Testing & Test Equipment Evaluation ISO/IEC/SAE Testing Festival Vehicle Test Facilities Argonne APRF enhanced with PEV-Grid Hardware-In-the-Loop Lab and Smart Energy Plaza JRC-IET VeLA enhanced with PEV testing (VeLA-8) and electromagnetic compatibility (VeLA-9) Embedded Controls Sensing/Metrology Standards Verification Tools SAE J2953 Interoperability Compliance Tools SAE J1772 PEV Compliance Government Support SAE J2953 Interoperability Standard Global InterOP Team SLAM 7
Temperature [ C] extension of CP carrier frequency "tolerance" of the various EVs and PHEVs, in terms of functionality of charging, and actual CP carrier frequencies sent by EVSEs 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20 IEC 61851 draft ed.3 demands ± 2% for the EVSE output -30 900 950 1000 1050 1100 IEC 61851 draft ed.3: EV should tolerate max. ± 5 % CP carrier frequency EV 1 with EVSE-simulator EV 2 with EVSE simulator EV 3 with EVSE-simulator EV 5 with EVSE-simulator EV 5 again with EVSE-simulator but varied EVSE as power source EV 8 with EVSE-simulator EV 9 with EVSE-Simulator another EV for comparison, with EVSE-simulator EVSE 1 EVSE 2 EVSE 3 EVSE 4 EVSE 5 EVSEs 6 and 6b EVSE 7 EVSE 8 EVSE 9 EVSE 10 EVSE 12 EVSE 13 EVSE 14 EVSE 15 EVSE 16 EVSE 18 EVSE 19 EVSE 20 EVSE 21 EVSE 22 EVSE 23 / 23b EVSE 24 EVSE 25 EVSE 26 EVSE 27 EVSE 28 EVSE 29 EVSE 30 EVSE 31 EVSE 32 EVSE 33 EVSE 34 EVSE 35 EVSE 39 EVSE 40 EVSE 41 EVSE 42 Volttron EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers - PEV-Grid - Smart Ene Harmonization and grid integration technology/standards 2014 2015 BMW i3 REEV instrumentation and Level 2 testing in APRF Testing in VELA-8 to harmonize procedures Layer 1 User and HIL Interface Common Grid Integration Platform Layer 2 Application and Data Management Layer 3 Operating System and Environment Application Agent Development - System Control - Component Drivers Agent Development Layer 4 Connectivity/Physical Devices EUMD Commercial Form Factors Standard EVSE Electric Fuel Meter Integration in testing infrastructure Global InterOP Team: Releases open spec and RFP Prototype Phase 1 test equipment by end of 2015 8
EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers Enhanced Testing Infrastructure 2014 2015 JRC VeLA-9 Roller bench on turntable in an anechoic chamber [electromagnetic field characterization and impact studies] JRC VeLA-8 Roller bench dedicated to PEVs; completed, but not shown [Performance and emissions testing] ANL Smart Energy Plaza EVSE, smart building systems and distributed energy resources [communication and control development for grid integration] 9
Initial Focus Behind the Meter Energy Management Smart Building Systems Simplify integration with common platform and open source flexible software Standard physical interfaces and message protocols with embedded translators Shared information exchange 10
Focus on Grid Interfaces Utility or Aggregator Server OpenADR 2 SEP2 IEC 61850 ISO 15118 Message Protocols Protocol Adapters/Translators VOLTTRON* Agent Environment Other Comm. Physical Sensor Input Interfaces Ethernet Modbus port HPGP RS485 Application Agents V1G V2G DR DER Transactive Energy Etc. Smart Building Systems EVSE Network * Volttron Open source agent system software developed by PNNL 11
Volttron Common Integration Platform Utility or Aggregator Server Layer 1 User and HIL Interface Layer 2 Application and Data Management Layer 3 Operating System and Environment Application Agent Development - System Control - Component Drivers Smart Building Systems Layer 4 Connectivity/Physical Devices EVSE Network Reference control architecture: BEMOSS Bldg. Energy Mgmt. Open Source Software; developed by Virginia Tech 12
13 to Enable Smart Energy Management
Global Harmonization Efforts European Commission EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers (since 2012) Interoperability, test procedures, grid integration Germany Global InterOP Team (since 2014) AC and DC interoperability requirements, test procedures and tools China MIIT-DOE Letter of Intent (July 2014) Cooperation on industrial efficiency and EVs APEC Automotive Dialog Regional EV Interoperability & Research Center Recommended To help meet regulatory alignment objectives 14
EU/US EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers Harmonization of PEV standards, technology and test procedures khardy@anl.gov COTEVOS Industry Summit Rome, 25 May 2015