Dr.-Ing. Steffen Dehn Prof. Dr. Christian Mohrdieck Optimierungsstrategien für den Brennstoffzellenantrieb 14. Symposium Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeuge Braunschweig, 21.02.2017
Key players of the Daimler squad Mercedes-Benz Cars Daimler Trucks Mercedes-Benz Vans Daimler Buses
Daimler is shaping the future of mobility in many aspects We re-invent the car >>Connected >>Emission-free >>Autonomous Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH Seite 3
Daimler roadmap to sustainable mobility High-tech combustion engines Consequent hybridization Electric vehicles with battery and fuel cell
Fuel Cell Technology is an Integral Part of Daimler s Sustainable Powertrain Strategy Highly Efficient Internal Combustion Engines motoren Full- and Plug-In Hybrids Electric Vehicles with Battery and Fuel Cell A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY S 500 e B-Class Electric Drive smart electric drive B-Class F-CELL 3.5l/100 km, 89 g CO2/km 2.8l/100km, 65 g CO2/km 0l/100 km, 0 g CO2/km The advantages of fuel cell technology are obvious: Long range with at the same time very short refueling times and in addition broad spectrum of applicability ranging from passenger cars all the way up to city buses. Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 5
GHG* Emissions [g CO2eq/km] CO 2 - and Energy comparison: All powertrains 150 125 100 75 50 25 PH-FCEV (Wind-Electricity, Grid, Centr. Electrolysis, CH2, PlugIn Hybrid- FCEV) FCEV (NG 4000km, OS-Comp, CH2, FCEV) BEV (Wind-/PV-/Water-Electricity, Grid, Battery EV Li-Ion) Fuel Cell-EV Hybrid ICE Hybrid Gasoline Hybrid Diesel Battery-EV Diesel Gasoline ICE CNG BEV (EU-Electricity-Mix, Grid, Battery EV Li- Ion) FCEV (Wind-Electricity, Grid, Centr. Electrolysis, CH2, FCEV) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 *GHG: Green House Gas Energy Consumption Well-to-Wheel [MJ/100km] Source: JRC/EUCAR/CONCAWE (2013) WtW Report, Version 4 Electric drive trains are a big step to reduce energy consumption and green-house-gas emissions. Using xevs means a significant step forward. Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH
The Current Generation of Fuel Cell Vehicles Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL Characteristics Vehicle: Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL Eletric motor Air module Fuel Cell System: Traction motor: Range: 90 kw (122 hp) Power (continuous/peak): 70 / 100 kw (136 hp) Maximum torque: 290 Nm 380 km (NEDC) Lithium-Ionen Batterie Wasserstofftank Brennstoffzellenstack Wasserstoffmodul Top speed: Acceleration 0-100 km/h (0-60 mph) High-voltage Battery (Lithium-Ion): 170 km/h 11.4 sec Power (continuous/peak): 24 / 30 kw Capacity: 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kwh Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH
The Current Generation of Fuel Cell Buses Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid Characteristics Two identical B-class fuel cell systems are used: Vehicle: Fuel Cell System: Traction motors: Range: Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL- Hybrid 120 kw (continuous) / 140 kw (peak) Power (continuous / peak): 2 x 80 kw / 2 x 120 kw > 250 km Hydrogen storage: 35 kg of hydrogen at 350 bar H 2 -consumption: 10 14 kg/100 km High-voltage Battery: Power: 250 kw Capacity: 26.9 kwh Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 8
Starting 2018: Citaro with fuel cell and battery electric drive
Fuel cell technology: Worldwide experience for highest technological know-how Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL- Hybrid More than 8 million km customer experience More than 4,000 h fuel cell durability More than 4 million km of regular line operation More than 10,000 h fuel cell durability
Daimler has the Broadest Know-how with Fuel Cell Vehicles at Customers: Highlights from Fleet Operation B-Class F-CELL: - More than 8 million km in Europe and USA - > 300,000 km with one vehicle - < 3 min. refueling time proven in regular operation on the basis of a total of 36,000 refuelings Customer Feedback Citaro Fuel-CELL Hybrid: - More than 1.5 million km in Europe - Postauto Switzerland Press Release: >1 Mio. km im regular service, avoidance of 1.200 Tons of CO 2 emissions Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 11
Relevant Parameters for the Optimization of a Fuel Cell Powertrain Technology Cost H 2 -Infrastructure Customer Requirements Power Density Energy Density (Battery) Hydrogen Storage Capacity Lifetime and Robustness FC-System and stack HV-Battery H 2 -Tank System Power Electronics Electric Drivetrain H2-Infrastructure Hydrogen (=Fuel) Cost Reliable Refueling Technology Implementation of a sufficient (coverage) H 2 - Infrastructure H 2 -Production at Competitive Cost/Price Renewable produced Hydrogen Attractive Vehicle Platform Long Range and Low Fuel Consumption Convincing Driving Performance Unlimited Drivetrain Availability Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 13
Fuel Cell Powertrain Architectures for Passenger Cars Fuel Cell Hybrid (FCHEV) Fuel Cell engine air H 2 Air compressor H 2 - Storage Fuel Cell PlugIn-Hybrid (PFCEV) Fuel Cell engine air H 2 Air compressor H 2 -Storage Fuel Cell PlugIn-Hybrid light (PFCEV light ) Fuel Cell engine air H 2 Air compressor H 2 -Storage HV-Battery HV-Battery HV-Battery Example: Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL Example: Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL Energy storage Hydrogen Energy storage Electricity Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 14
Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL The fuel cell gets a plug! Today: B-Class F-CELL Fuel cell Next Generation: GLC F-CELL Electric motor Air module Lithium-ion battery Hydrogen tank Fuel cell stack Hydrogenn module - Range increased to 500 km in NEDC - Drive system power: +40% - Volume of the fuel cell engine: -30% - Reduction of Platinum loading in the fuel cell stack: -90% - Transition to PlugIn-Battery, in order to ideally fit to the step-wise builtup of hydrogen infrastructure - Cost efficient take-over of numerous high-voltage-components from the modular Mercedes-Benz-Component-Toolbox Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 15
Powertrain of the Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL Lithium-Ion-Battery with a capacity of ca. 9 kwh H 2 -refueling within three minutes H 2 -Tanks with a storage capacity of ca. 4 kg Fuel Cell Engine packaged underhood in the engine compartment Comfortable Charging at a socket, wallbox or public charging station Traction motor at the rear axle Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH
Starting 2017: Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL with plug-in-technology
GHG*-emission [gco2eq/km] Well to Wheel Energy Balance of a Fuel Cell Plug-In Hybrid Comparison of WTW Green House Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of the EUCAR Reference Vehicle 2020+ 70 60 Well-to-Wheel GHG*-emissions and energy consumption FCEV 2020+ (without on-board-charger) 100% H2-mode (H2 from natural gas) BEV 2020+ European electricity mix 50 40 30 20 10 BEV 2020+ Electricity from wind power (no storage) 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH FC Plug-in 2020+ (with on-board-charger) Energy consumption / GHG*-emissions calculated analogous to ICE Plug-In (ECE R101) (H2 from natural gas) BEV 2020+ Electricity from wind power (incl. storage) pumpstorage Storage losses storage combination FC Plug-in 2020+ (with on-board-charger) Energy consumption / GHG*-emissions calculated analogous to ICE Plug-In (ECE R101) (H2 from wind power) H2-cavern storage Well-to-Wheel energy consumption [MJ/100 km] 100 MJ = 27,8 kwh FCEV 2020+ (without on-board-charger) 100% H2-mode (H2 from wind power) Sources: JRC/EUCAR/CONCAWE (2013): WtW report, version 4a, Daimler-internal calculations * GHG: Green House Gas
Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH >>H2-Infrastructure
H2-Infrastructure cost development Costs HRS* (in Europe) Yesterday Today Tomorrow Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH Costs: >1 Million Euros Refueling time: 3 Minutes Costs: <1 Million Euros Refueling time: 3 Minutes Further cost reduction Flexible concepts for urban and rural areas *Hydrogen-Refueling-Station
Infrastructure: H2 Mobility Initiative in Germany Implementation of a H2 Refueling Station Network by 2023 Partners (Shareholders) of Initiative NIP-Contact Entwicklungsplan Build and Operation of the H2-Infrastructure Associated Partners By 2023. ~ 400 Publicly accessible H2 refueling stations ~ 90 km maximum distance between two refueling stations on the autobahn and around metropolitan areas > 10 Refueling stations in each metropolitan area H 2 -Tankstellennetz H 2 Mobility Signing Ceremony in Berlin on 13 October 2015 Standardization of H2-Tank and refueling stations are achieved (pre-condition). Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 21
Hydrogen Council founded on January 17th 2017 in Davos Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH Seite 22
Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH Seite 23
Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH Shaping the future of mobility
Thank You for Your Attention! Daimler AG NuCellSys GmbH 25