New Power Flow Controller for Congestion Management and Reliability Improvement in Transmission and Distribution Systems Alberto Del Rosso EPRI CIGRE US National Committee 204 Grid of the Future Symposium October 9-2, 204 Houston, TX
ARPA-E GENI Program Green Electricity Network Integration Mission: Increasing grid flexibility Increase the amount of renewable energy the grid can utilize Efficiency and reliability of electricity transmission 5 projects, $39.4 million investment Power Transmission Controllers: Devices enabling power flow control within mesh AC grids. Devices enabling resilient multi-terminal HVDC networks Grid Control Architectures Optimization of power grid operation; distributed control and increasing customer control 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Compact Dynamic Phase Angle Regulators (CD-PAR) for Transmission Power Routing An ARPA-E GENI Project 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
CD-PAR Objective Control of P/Q Between Two Buses CD-PAR P/Q Control Reactive Power, PU 0.5 0-0.5 VQS Constant Duty V V P2 = 3 sin δ 2 Q 2 V = 3 2 X L 2 V ( δ ) V 2 X L cos ( δ δ ) 2 Control phase angle to control real power. Control voltage magnitude to control reactive power. Control real and reactive power dynamically. Can be installed around existing sectionalizers - - -0.5 0 0.5 Real Power, PU VQS enables in-phase injection 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Transmission Application Example
Use of CD-PAR to Improve Wind Integration Alberta Electric System Operator Coverage Map Hypothetic case Wind Injection: Calgary 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Scenario: Interconnection request for 350 MW Wind Plant Without CD-PAR 267 DOME EM7 9 EMPLIQTP 26.0-00.0L 77% I 27% S SANDHIL7 4.4 53 SANDYPT7 SW -0.0 25% S 4.3 Most Limiting Contingency 4.3 2% S 266 EMPRESA7 262 DOME EM4 00% S 674 CYPRES. 258.0 57 2% S 2% S 4.4 SW -66. 677 CYPRES2 5% S. 258.0 5% S 272 272 320 CHAPPIC7 47% S 38.7 42. 74% S 4.4 34 0. 0.0 SW -0.0 473 MCNEILL 42.2 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Scenario: Interconnection request for 350 MW Wind Plant With CD-PAR 267 DOME EM7 338.0 00.0L 4% I 9 EMPLIQTP 40% S 25% S SANDHIL7 262 DOME EM4 42.6 53 SANDYPT7 42.7 2% S SW 52. 0.0 0.0 2.77 0.0 0.0 90000 PAR_ 0.0 0.0 237.8 CD-PAR 42.7 0.00 900002 LTC 0.9 24.0 266 EMPRESA7 Most Limiting Contingency 674 CYPRES 39% S 65.5 34.. 258.3 639 38% S 6% S 65.6 37.6 42.7 00% S 677 CYPRES2 SW 7.4 32.79% S 32.7 8.5 32.69% S 32.7 7.7 8.5. 258.0 272 272 7.6 42.9 59% S 34 0. 0.0 473 MCNEILL SW 0.0 43.0 320 CHAPPIC7 43.0 38.5 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Wind Curtailed (N-) condition: with and without CD-PAR 400 350 Wind without CD-PAR with CD-PAR 300 250 74 GW 200 50 00 50 0 50 00 50 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 9
Scenario 2 : Interconnection request of 350 MW Plant Without CD-PAR 267 DOME EM7 9 EMPLIQTP 300.0 02% 00.0LI 43% S SANDHIL7 4.8 53 SANDYPT7 SW 0.0 25% S 4.8 Rate B > Rate A 4.8 2% S 266 EMPRESA7 262 DOME EM4 00% S 674 CYPRES. 258. 57 22% S 4% S 4.8 SW 56.7 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 42% S 677 CYPRES2 2% S. 258.0 2% S 272 272 320 CHAPPIC7 69% S 38.2 0 42. 63% S 4.8 34 0. 0.0 SW 0.0 473 MCNEILL 42.2 0
Scenario 2 : Interconnection request of 350 MW Plant With CD-PAR 267 DOME EM7 450.0-00.0L 49% I 9 EMPLIQTP SANDHIL7 6% S 25% S 43. 53 SANDYPT7 43.2 262 DOME EM4 2% S SW -52.4 0.35 CD-PAR 90000 PAR_ 238.8 0.9952 43.2 900002 LTC 237.7 00% S 266 EMPRESA7. 258.3 639 49% S 9% S 43.2 SW -2.7 83% S 677 CYPRES2 34% S 34% S. 258.0 272 674 CYPRES 63% S 42.6 34 88% S 473 MCNEILL 0. 0.0 SW -0.0 42.9 320 CHAPPIC7 42.9 37.7 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Distribution Application Example
Potential Applications in Distribution Systems TRANSMISSION GRID Feeder A P, Q Feeder B A) Feeder Support Between Remote Substations Sub A CD-PAR Sub B Transmission (HV) System 2/6/20 MVA 2/6/20 MVA 20 MVA CD-PAR 20 MVA 5 MVA B) Balancing Substation Transformer Loading 25 MVA 5 MVA 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Case A: Feeder Support Between Remote Substations OpenDSS Model of Actual Feeders Objective of the Study Analyze the capability of the CD-PAR to attain desired power flows to the load at the feeders ends Control Target Each feeder serves half the load (equal sharing) Load at the feeders is scaled to analyze the impact on the control TRANSMISSION GRID Feeder A P, Q Feeder B Sub A CD-PAR Sub B 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Selected Results Case A Achievable Active Power Targets: no voltage angle difference at substations Scale All Load Scale Sub Morningside A load Load Scale Sub Moreland B load Load Achievable Active Power Targets: varying voltage angle between substations 500 Target Mismatch (kw) 400 300 200 00 0-00 -200-300 -400-500 -600 0 00 200 300 400 500 Active Power Target (kw) Target Mismatch (kw) 000 500 0-6 -4-2 0 2 4 6-500 -000-500 Degree Phase Phase angle Angle difference Difference (Sub (Moreland A Sub - Morningside) B) CD-PAR capabilities are affected by: Feeder characteristics where CD-PAR will be installed Feeder loading Variation of phase angle difference on transmission system 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Case B: Balancing Substation Transformer Loading Control objective: equally divide the power flow on the two substation transformers Load at the feeders is scaled to analyze the impact on the control Target Mismatch (kw) Scale Sub Moreland A load Load Scale Sub Morningside B load Load Scale All Load 5000 4000 3000 2000 000 0-20000 -5000-0000 -5000-000 0 5000 0000 5000 20000-2000 -3000-4000 -5000 Active Power Target (kw) 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
The Vision Inter-Network Power Balance - Tie two adjacent distribution networks - Transfer surpluses to cover shortages - Balance for renewables fluctuation end-toend substationto-substation end-tosubstation 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Concluding Remarks New power router developed: CD-PAR Control of active and reactive power Multiple applications in transmission, sub-transmission and distribution systems: Increase transmission capacity Fast control: ability to implement preventive as well as remedial control actions Balancing load among feeders and substations CD-PAR allows increasing utilization and flexibility of power network 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Sub-transmission example 5/60 kv substation Combined distribution and subtransmission network that feed a medium size city 60 kv subtransmission network only 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Sub-transmission example Line out Critical contingency 46 MW 38% short term rating Line out Critical contingency CD-PAR 2 5 control 46 MW 38% short term rating 58 MW 32% short term rating 96 MW 80% short term rating 7 MW 98% short term rating CD-PAR No control 35 MW Additional load CD-PAR 5 control 35 MW Additional load CD-PAR Location Maximum additional load with CD-PAR : 35 MW Maximum additional load with both CD-PAR 2: 55 MW 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 204 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 2