WINDSOR FIRE & RESCUE SERVICES APPARATUS DRIVER/OPERATOR STANDARD

Transcription

1 WINDSOR FIRE & RESCUE SERVICES APPARATUS DRIVER/OPERATOR STANDARD Candidate Name: Station Captain Name: Date Of Completion: 1

2 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 ADMINISTRATION RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CANDIDATE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OFFICER THE HIGHWAY TRAFFIC ACT WINDSOR FIRE & RESCUE SERVICES POLICY PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH A FIRE PUMP APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH AN ELEVATING PLATFORM 2

3 Revised: April

4 CHAPTER 1 4

5 CHAPTER 1: Administration 1-1 Scope. This standard identifies the professional levels of competence required of the fire apparatus driver/operator and the role of the station officer in maintaining this standard. Under this standard there are circumstances when Training Services must complete a qualification and others where the station captain can complete the qualification process. Please refer to applicable notices issued by the Office of the Assistant Chief as a result of Labour/Management agreements. 1-2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to specify in terms of performance objectives, the requirements of professional competence required for service as a fire apparatus driver/operator. 1-3 This standard is meant to be a fluid document. It may be changed and updated from time to time. 5

6 CHAPTER 2 6

7 CHAPTER 2: Responsibilities Of The Candidate 2-1 All fire fighters, who are candidates to drive fire department vehicles or apparatus under emergency response conditions, shall meet all of the specified objectives before being certified as a fire apparatus driver/operator by an approved member of the Training Division or Station Captain. 2-2 Each of the performance objectives for the fire apparatus driver/operator shall be performed safely, with competence, in its entirety and in a timely fashion. 2-3 Where the word "demonstrate" is used in this standard, it requires that actual performance and operation be accomplished. 2-4 The fire apparatus driver/operator candidates shall obtain permission from the Station Captain to commence formal training on any given Windsor Fire Rescue apparatus, unless the candidate is completing an increment. In this circumstance it is mandatory that the candidate train on the required vehicle with the Station Captain s guidance. 2-5 The fire apparatus driver/operator candidates shall maintain a driver operator training record for all Fire Department vehicles being qualified on. 2-6 Upon qualification, it is the responsibility of the fire apparatus driver/operator to maintain the standard to the vehicle upon which he/she has been qualified. 2-7 The Fire apparatus driver/operator must maintain a valid class licence to operate department vehicles. 7

8 CHAPTER 3 8

9 CHAPTER 3: Responsibilities Of The Officer 3-1 The Station Captain, under the direction of the Chief Training Officer, is responsible for the training of the fire apparatus driver/operator candidate to meet the qualifications of this standard. 3-2 If Training Services is performing the qualification, the Station Captain will fill out a driver qualification request form after the Station Captain has prepared the apparatus driver/operator candidate. He shall then send the request in to Training Services and a date will be scheduled to perform the qualification as soon as possible. 3-2-a If the Station Captain is performing the qualification, they will fill out a driver qualification form after the Station Captain has prepared the apparatus driver/operator candidate. 3-3 If Training Services is performing the qualification, the Training Captain will visually check the fire apparatus driver/operator candidates' Class "DZ" license before testing and record the information on the testing form. 3-3-a If the Station Captain is performing the qualification, they will visually check the fire apparatus driver/operator candidates Class DZ licence before testing and record the information on the testing form. 3-3-b Prior to commencing the Qualification, the Station Captain Or Training Captain shall receive the completed Driver Operator Candidate Training Record for the Fire Department Vehicle involved. 3-4 If Training Services is performing the qualification, a Training Captain will conduct an evaluation and test to determine if the fire apparatus driver/operator candidate meets the Windsor Fire and Rescue Service s performance standard and qualifies to drive and operate a specified apparatus. 3-4-a If The Station Captain is performing the qualification, they will conduct an evaluation and test to determine if the fire apparatus driver/operator candidate meets the Windsor Fire and Rescue Service s performance standard and qualifies to drive and operate a specified apparatus. 3-5 The Station Captain shall take corrective measures, as warranted, if the fire apparatus driver/operator falls below the standard for which he/she has been qualified. If necessary, this will consist of notifying the District Chief, suspending driving privileges, promptly arranging for the necessary training and re-qualification by Training Services. All incidents shall be thoroughly documented and forwarded to Training Services and the Assistant Chief s office, via the chain of command. 9

10 3-6 If the Station Captain is performing the qualification and the candidate has previously completed this standard, then the Station Captain need only review this standard with the candidate. 3-7 Where a form or section requires the Station Captain s signature, the Captain will be required to both sign the area and print their name next to the signature. 10

11 11

12 CHAPTER 4 12

13 CHAPTER 4: The Highway Traffic Act NOTE: All W.F.R.S. fire apparatus driver/operators are to comply with all sections of the Highway Traffic Act at all times. Listed below are excerpts taken from the H.T.A. 4-1 The fire apparatus driver/operator must be legally licensed to drive a motor vehicle on a highway - Class DZ Licence Exception: 22. Any class of driver's licence, except a Class G1, G2, L, M, M1, M2 or R driver's licence, is authority for, (a) a police officer or an officer appointed for carrying out the provisions of the Act to drive a motor vehicle of any class including a vehicle equipped with air brakes, other than a motorcycle, on a highway in an emergency and in the performance of his or her duties under the Act; (a.1) a firefighter, as defined in subsection 1 (1) of the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, to drive a motor vehicle of any class including a vehicle equipped with air brakes, other than a motorcycle, on a highway in an emergency and in the performance of his or her duties under that Act; and (b) a motor vehicle mechanic to drive a motor vehicle of any class including a vehicle equipped with air brakes, other than a motorcycle, on a highway while carrying out a road test of the vehicle in the course of servicing it. O. Reg. 340/94, s. 22; O. Reg. 115/03, s. 1. Captain s Signature 4-2 The fire apparatus driver/operator must obey all laws of the Highway Traffic Act. While responding to an emergency situation, however, certain exemptions are permitted providing that certain conditions are complied with. Definition Of Fire Department Vehicle 61. In this Part, ambulance includes an ambulance as defined in the Ambulance Act and a cardiac arrest emergency vehicle operated by or under the authority of a hospital; ( ambulance ) fire department vehicle includes an emergency crash extrication vehicle owned and operated by a rescue organization approved by the Minister in writing for the 13

14 purposes of this Part and a vehicle designated in writing by the Fire Marshal of Ontario as a fire department vehicle ; ( véhicule de pompiers ) motor vehicle does not include a motor assisted bicycle; ( véhicule automobile ) vehicle, in addition to the meaning set out in subsection 1 (1), includes a conversion unit and a trailer converter dolly. ( véhicule ) R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, s. 61. Captain s Signature 4-2The fire apparatus driver/operator is permitted to exceed the speed limit while responding to an emergency call. Note: While the HTA allows for the speed limit to be exceeded when road, weather and traffic conditions allow, Drivers and Officers shall ensure that W.F.R.S. policies and procedures are followed at all times. Rate of speed 128. (1) No person shall drive a motor vehicle at a rate of speed greater than, (a) 50 kilometres per hour on a highway within a local municipality or within a built-up area; (b) despite clause (a), 80 kilometres per hour on a highway, not within a built-up area, that is within a local municipality that had the status of a township on December 31, 2002 and, but for the enactment of the Municipal Act, 2001, would have had the status of a township on January 1, 2003, if the municipality is prescribed by regulation, unless a by-law is passed under subsection (2), (4), (5) or (6) or a regulation is made under subsection (7) prescribing a different rate of speed; (b.1) 80 kilometres per hour on a highway designated by the Lieutenant Governor in Council as a controlled-access highway under the Public Transportation and Highway Improvement Act, whether or not the highway is within a local municipality or built-up area; (c) the rate of speed prescribed for motor vehicles on a highway in accordance with subsection (2), (4), (5), (6), (6.1) or (7); or (d) the maximum rate of speed posted in a construction zone designated under subsection (8). R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, s. 128 (1); 1997, c. 26, Sched.; 2002, c. 17, Sched. C, s. 15 (1); 2002, c. 18, Sched. P, s. 29 (1). 14

15 Fire department vehicles and police vehicles (13) The speed limits prescribed under this section or any regulation or by-law passed under this section do not apply to, (a) a fire department vehicle as defined in section 61 while proceeding to a fire or responding to, but not returning from, a fire alarm or other emergency call; (b) a motor vehicle while used by a person in the lawful performance of his or her duties as a police officer; or (c) an ambulance as defined in section 61 while responding to an emergency call or being used to transport a patient or injured person in an emergency situation. R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, s. 128 (13). Captain s signature 4-4 The fire apparatus driver/operator, after stopping the vehicle, may proceed without a green light, if safe to do so. Red light (18) Every driver approaching a traffic control signal showing a circular red indication and facing the indication shall stop his or her vehicle and shall not proceed until a green indication is shown. R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, s. 144 (18). Exception - emergency vehicle (20) Despite subsection (18), a driver of an emergency vehicle, after stopping the vehicle, may proceed without a green indication being shown if it is safe to do so. R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, s. 144 (20). Captain s Signature 4-5 The fire apparatus driver/operator, and all passengers, shall wear the complete seat belt assembly in a properly adjusted and securely fastened manner. EXCEPTION: 6. A firefighter occupying a seating position behind the driver's cab in a fire department vehicle as defined in clause 61 (b) of the Act is exempt from subsection 106 (4) of the Act where the performance of work activities makes it impracticable to wear a seat belt assembly. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 613, s

16 NOTE: This is an exception under the H.T.A., however corporate policy states that all employees shall wear their complete seat belt assembly. Captain`s Signature Chapter 4 completed Candidate name: Candidate signature: Captain name: Captain signature: 16

17 CHAPTER 5 17

18 Chapter 5: Windsor Fire & Rescue Services Policies 5-1 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall have and maintain in their possession a valid Ontario Drivers Licence, minimum class D.Z. Licence Class Licence Number 5-2 The fire apparatus driver/operator must respond to a PRIORITY ONE emergency call with all warning lights and audible warning devices sounding. Audible devices include electronic sirens, Federal Q rotary sirens, and air horns. When responding PRIORITY TWO, no warning devices will be used and normal traffic laws will be obeyed. 5-3 The fire apparatus driver/operator will ensure that all members of the crew are safely aboard and seatbelts fastened before he/she moves the vehicle out of the station. Captain s Signature 5-4 The fire apparatus driver/operator will ensure that, when backing or moving an apparatus, the procedure is done in accordance with W.F.R.S. procedures. Captain s Signature 5-5 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall demonstrate their knowledge of streets within their assigned district. Captain s Signature 5-6 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall drive no faster than road, weather, traffic conditions and W.F.R.S. orders, policies and procedures allow. Captain s Signature 5-7 The fire apparatus driver/operator must comply with all W.F.R.S. Standard Operating Procedures, orders, notices and policies that exist with respect to operating the fire apparatus to which they are qualified to operate. Captain s Signature 18

19 REFERENCES: W.F.R.S. standard operating procedures, notices, orders and policies. Chapter 5 completed Candidate name: Candidate signature: Captain name: Captain signature: 19

20 CHAPTER 6 20

21 Chapter 6: Preventive Maintenance 6-4 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall demonstrate the performance of routine tests, inspections and servicing functions required to assure the operational status of the fire department vehicle, as outlined on the particular vehicles daily apparatus report. Reference-Daily Apparatus Report Answer: Rescue & Pumps Check oil/ fuel level Washer fluid Brake level & slack adjusters Drain air tanks Check emergency lights, turning signals, running lights, reverse lights Check tire condition & check tire pressure on Mondays. Check booster tank level Check primer oil level Check foam tank level Engage P.T.O., and ensure pump operating correctly If equipped with Night Scan Light Mast, fully deploy Mast to ensure working condition. Perform circle check and pre-trip inspection as required by the Ministry of Transportation. 6-2 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall demonstrate the performance of routine tests, inspections and servicing functions required to assure the operational status of the equipment on the fire department vehicle, as outlined on the particular vehicles inventory sheet. Reference-Daily Apparatus Report and Vehicle Inventory Answer: Check complete inventory Log all missing equipment, and report to vehicle Officer. Tag all damaged or defective equipment. Check all fluid levels on all motorized equipment. Conduct start up of all motorized equipment to ensure working order. 21

22 6-3 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall be familiar with the particular vehicle involved according to it s operations manual. Reference Intranet Answer: Not all vehicles have operator s manuals at this time; for those vehicles that do have manuals they are available on the intranet. 6-4 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify all gauges and demonstrate their use. Reference Vehicle Dash and Pump Panel Answer: Cab: Speedometer Tachometer Air tanks-primary and secondary Fuel gauge Volt meter Transmission temperature Oil pressure Engine temperature Engine hours Pump Panel: Compound gauge Pressure gauge Individual pressure gauges Booster tank level Temperature gauge Transmission temperature gauge 6-5 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall demonstrate the proper procedure for the operational check of air brakes. Reference Air Brake Handbook MTO Chapter 10 Answer: This is a 7-step procedure check 1 st Procedure Test Low Air Pressure Warning Secure vehicle with wheel chocks, on level ground Ensure air brake system pressure is above 621kPa (90 psi). The engine may be stopped or left running but the ignition must be on. 22

23 Observe the primary and secondary air tank pressure gauges. Press and release the brake pedal repeatedly to lower air pressure. Watch and listen for the low air pressure-warning device to activate. When the device activates, note the air pressure displayed by the gauges. *Note: The vehicle passes the test if the device activates when pressure is at or above 380 kpa (55 psi) on both primary and secondary air tank gauges. 2 nd Procedure-Testing Air Pressure Build-up Time Lower air brake system pressure to below 552kPa (80psi) Run engine at 600 to 900 rpm. Observe the primary and secondary air tank pressure gauges. Note the time when pressure reaches the start value of 587 kpa (85psi). Note the time when pressure reaches the end value of 690 kpa (100psi). Note: The vehicle passes the test if the pressure build-up time is equal to or less than two minutes. 3 rd Procedure-Testing Air Compressor Governor Settings Properly secure the vehicle and release the spring brakes (Maxi). Observe the primary and secondary air tank pressure gauges. Run the engine until air brake system pressure reaches its maximum level and note the cut-out pressure setting. Press and release the brake pedal several times to lower the system pressure and note the cut-in pressure settings. *Note: The vehicle passes the test when the cut-out pressure setting is between 690 kpa and 932 kpa (100 and 135 psi) and the cut-in pressure setting is 552 kpa (80psi) or higher. 4 th Procedure-Testing System Air Loss Rate Properly secure the vehicle and release the spring brakes. Ensure that the air brake system is within its normal operating pressure range. Shut off the engine. Press and hold the brake pedal in the fully applied position. Note the pressure indicated on the primary and secondary air tank gauges. Note the change in pressure over one minute. Note: The vehicle passes the test when the drop in pressure is equal to or less than the value specified for the vehicle. Straight truck, tractor or bus, the maximum allowable air loss is 21kPa (3psi) per minute (Page 74 of Airbrake Handbook). 5 th Procedure-Testing the spring (Parking and Emergency) brakes Apply the spring brakes on vehicle to be tested and remove wheel chocks 23

24 Gently apply engine power in a low gear. Observe the vehicle s response. The vehicle may rock and shake and the wheels may move slightly, but there should be no significant movement of the vehicle. *Note: The vehicle passes the test if the spring brakes hold the vehicle in place. 6 th Procedure-Testing the Air Tank Drain Valves Ensure that the air brake system is within its normal operating pressure range. Locate and drain the supply tank until the valve discharges only clean air. Locate and drain the remaining air tanks. Watch the discharge from each air tank and ensure that all air tank drain valves function properly. *Note: The vehicle passes the test when each drain valve functions properly. 7 th Procedure-Checking Brake Adjustment (Slack Adjusters) The pushrod stroke must be inspected daily. When brake pushrod stroke exceeds the adjustment limit, the brake is out of adjustment. Refer to Notice 06-72, dated May 16, The fire apparatus driver/operator shall demonstrate proper transmission shifting procedures. Answer: Perform circle check of vehicle prior to entering vehicle. Upon entering and starting vehicle, ensure that the electrical auto-eject system has disconnected the vehicle from station power. Driver/Operator or Captain will ensure all personnel have fastened their seatbelts, disengage maxi-brake (spring brake). With foot on brake pedal, place vehicle in gear, and proceed with care and caution. REFERENCES; Daily Apparatus Report, Vehicle Inventory, W.F.R.S. Operations Manual, W.F.R.S. Driver s Manual, Ministry of Transportation Air Brake Handbook. Chapter 6 completed Candidate name: Candidate signature: Captain name: Captain signature: 24

25 CHAPTER 7 25

26 Chapter 7: Apparatus Equipped with a Fire Pump 7-1 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the effects of weight and speed on braking and stopping distances. Reference-page 47 Air Brake handbook, and page 79 of Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook. Answer: As vehicle speed accelerates, the demand on brakes increases at a rate that is greater than the change in speed. For example, when speed is doubled, the demand on brakes is increased by 4 times. Vehicle weight affects the brake system in the following ways: The demand on brakes will increase in proportion to any increase in vehicle weight It is possible to exceed the capacity of a vehicle s braking system by loading a vehicle with more weight than it is rated to carry. When a vehicle is overloaded, the brake system may not be able to safely stop it. 7-2 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the effects of centrifugal force (lateral weight transfer) on vehicles during turning. Reference- page 81 of Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: Weight transfer follows the Law of Inertia that states that objects in motion tend to remain in motion; objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Whenever a vehicle undergoes a change in speed of direction, weight transfer takes place relative to the rate and degree of change. 7-3 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the effects of inertia and weight distribution related to changing the heading of direction of a vehicle. Reference-page 81 of Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: Weight carried on most fire apparatus can contribute to skidding or possible rollover due to lateral weight transfer. These hazardous conditions can result from too much speed in turns, harsh or abrupt steering action, or driving on slopes too steep for a particular apparatus. Use only as much steering as needed to keep weight transfer to a minimum. Steering should be smooth and continuous. Also maintain a speed that is slow enough to prevent severe weight transfer from occurring. 26

27 7-4 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the effects of tire friction related to driving traction, braking traction and cornering traction. Reference-page 81 of Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: Tires that are over inflated or lacking adequate tread depth make the apparatus more susceptible to skids. 7-5 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the effects of various weather conditions on the braking, steering control and stopping distances and the ability of the employees to recognize and adapt to these conditions. Reference-pages 84 & 85 of Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook. Answer: Rain, snow, ice, and mud make roads slippery. Drivers/operators must recognize these dangers and adjust apparatus speed according to the crown of the road, sharpness of curves, and the condition of road surfaces. They should decrease speed gradually, slow down while approaching curves, and avoid sudden turns. Stopping distance is greatly increased on slippery-road surfaces. Speed must be adjusted to road and weather conditions so that the apparatus can be stopped or manoeuvred safely. During slippery-road conditions, the safe following distance between vehicles increases dramatically. Remember that it takes 3 to 15 times more distance for a vehicle to come to a complete stop on snow and ice than it does on dry concrete. 7-6 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the operating principles of single stage and multiple stage centrifugal fire pumps. Reference-pages 272 & 273 of the Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook. Answer: Single Stage-Constructed with a single impeller and are referred to as singlestage centrifugal pumps. They use a single impeller and a simple casing to provide capacities up to 2000 gpm. Multi-Stage-has an impeller for each stage mounted within a single housing. The 27

28 impellers are usually mounted on a single shaft driven by a single drive train. Generally, the impellers are identical and have the same capacity. What gives multi-stage pumps their versatility and efficiency is the capability of connecting the stages in series for maximum pressure or in parallel for maximum volume by use of a transfer valve. 7-7 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the percentages of rated capacity, rated pressures and the capacity in gallons per minute at the rated pressures a class "A" pump is designed to deliver. Reference-Each individual fire apparatus Answer: This information can be found on the ULC plaque located on or near the pump panel of each individual pump. This information is specific to each fire pump. 7-8 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the following conditions that may result in pump damage or unsafe operation, and identify corrective measures: A) Cavitation Reference- Pages 337 & 346 Pumping Apparatus Handbook In theory, water is being discharged from the pump faster than it is coming in. Indications that a pump is cavitating are: the hose streams will pulsate, and the pressure gauge on the pump will fluctuate. A distinct sound described as a popping or sputtering may be heard as the water leaves the nozzle. The pump itself will be noisy, sounding rather like gravel is passing through it. The best indication of cavitation, however, is the lack of reaction on the pressure gauge to changes in the setting of the throttle. Corrective measures include only discharge the amount of water that has been taken in on the intake side of the pump. B) Leaking fuel, oil or water. Reference-Pages 49 & 52 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Look for leaks of any of the fluids used in the vehicle s engine, including antifreeze, water, windshield wiper fluid, fuel, oil transmission fluid, hydraulic fluid, power steering fluid, and/or battery fluid. Check the fluid level in the priming oil tank is full, inspect the water and foam tanks for the proper fluid levels, and check the underside of the apparatus and inside the compartments for evidence of water or foam leaks. Corrective actions include: logging on Daily Apparatus Report, and advising Apparatus Division. At a fire scene, advise the I.C. and crews on any hose lines if pump has to be shut down to prevent damage. 28

29 C) Overheating: Reference-Pages 304, 307, 308, & 309 pumping Apparatus Handbook Overheating of fire pump may occur when the pump is run for prolonged periods during which no water is being discharged. Corrective action consists of opening a hand line in order to flow water, or disengaging pump if not being used. Overheating of apparatus engine may be avoided by operating the auxiliary cooler, located on the pump panel. In situations where dramatic failure of a radiator hose or other cooling system element occurs while the pumper is supplying hose lines for crews in dangerous positions, crews should be withdrawn to a safe area and the engine should be shut down immediately. D) Unusual Noises Apparatus Division should be notified immediately upon discovering an unusual noise that the driver/operator cannot troubleshoot. At a fire scene, the I.C. should be notified and action should be taken to protect crews working on hose-lines prior to shutting down engine. Apparatus Division should be notified promptly. E) Vibrations Any unusual vibrations that arises while operating the vehicle should be reported to the Apparatus Division, as soon as possible. F) Water Hammer Reference-Pages 151 & 586 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Force created by the rapid deceleration of water. It generally results from closing a valve or nozzle too quickly. Corrective actions: whenever water is flowing, always close nozzles, hydrants, valves, and hose clamps slowly to prevent water hammer. 7-9 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the theory and principles of pumper relief and/or pressure governor valve systems. Reference-Pages 294 to 297 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Relief Valves: There are two basic concepts for pressure relief valves: those that relieve excess pressure on the discharge side of the pump and those that relieve excess pressure on the intake side of the pump. The main feature of a relief valve is its sensitivity to pressure change and its ability to relieve excessive pressure within a pump discharge. Pressure Govenor: The main feature of a pressure governor is that it regulates the power output of the engine to match pump discharge requirements. When the pressure in the discharge piping of the pump exceeds the pressure necessary to maintain safe 29

30 fire streams, the excessive pressure must be reduced. Because the speed of the impellers determines the pressure and the engine speed determines the speed of the impellers, it is only necessary to reduce the engine speed to reduce the pressure The fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper shall identify the auxiliary cooling system and demonstrate its function. Reference-Pages 307 & 308 Pumping Apparatus Handbook. Answer: The primary function of the auxiliary cooling system is to control the temperature of coolant in the apparatus engine during pumping operations 7-11 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the theory and principles in the use of the pressure/volume transfer valve. Reference-Page 274 Pumping Apparatus Handbook. Answer: When the transfer valve is in the pressure position, all the water from the intake manifold is directed into the eye of the first impeller. Depending on the pump manufacturer, the first stage increases the pressure and discharge 50 to 70 percent of the volume capacity through the transfer valve and into the eye of the second impeller. In a two-stage pump, the second impeller increases the pressure and delivers the water at the higher pressure into the pump discharge port. At this point, the pressure is much higher than in the parallel (volume) position because the same stream of water has passed through two impellers, with each adding to the pressure. With only one impeller delivering water to the pump discharge port instead of two, as in the parallel (volume) position, the total volume of water is limited to the amount that one impeller can supply The fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper and a simulated fire scene, shall demonstrate proper manoeuvring and spotting of the apparatus to function from a given source of water. Reference-Pages 107 to 113 Pumping Apparatus Handbook. Answer: Driver/Candidate must perform a practical demonstration, of spotting pump at a water source (hydrant or drafting location) The fire driver/operator, given a fire department pumper, shall demonstrate the 30

31 proper method of power transfer from road to pump. Answer: Driver/Candidate must perform a practical demonstration of transferring from road to pump gear The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify water supply systems and problems pertaining to: A) Flow from a dead end main Reference-Page 156 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction. These hydrants do not always provide sufficient flow for fire-fighting operations. B) Types of water systems Reference-Pages 151 to 161 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Municipal water supply system-consist of Source of water supply (surface water, or ground water) Means of moving water (direct pumping, gravity, combination) Water processing or treatment facilities Water distribution system, including storage (feeders, distributors, Hydrants) Private Water Supply Systems Most commonly found on large commercial, industrial, or institutional properties Design is typically similar to that of the municipal systems Usually have their own pump house If there is question regarding the systems reliability, arrangements should be made to augment the system. A) Size of mains Reference-Windsor Utilities- Water Division Answer: Red hydrant-0 to 499 GPM Orange hydrant GPM Green hydrant GPM Blue hydrant 1500-or greater GPM 31

32 B) Hydrant operations and connections Reference-Pages 110 to 112 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Large diameter intake hose connection (preferred type of hose connection), and connection to the 2 ½ hydrant outlets-used when maximum flow from a hydrant is not needed, or large diameter intake hose is not available. Captain s Signature 7-15 The fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper, shall demonstrate the procedures for pumping from: A) Truck Captain s Signature B) Draft Captain s Signature C) Hydrant Captain s Signature D) Relay Captain s Signature 7-16 The fire apparatus driver/operator, given a selection of nozzles, shall identify the type, design, operation, nozzle pressure and flow for proper operation of each. Reference-Vehicle inventory for specific nozzles on each vehicle. Examples: (some of the nozzles used by WFRS) TFT mid force psi Constant gallonage nozzles (1-1/2 ) TFT Dual Force 100 psi nozzles (2-1/2 ) Akron 2-1/2 (called assault nozzles) 1-1/2 Marauder 100psi automatic nozzles 7-17 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the method of augmenting water supplies to sprinkler and standpipe systems. Reference-Pages 106,199, & 347 to 350 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Location of standpipe connection should be established in pre-incident planning activities. In order to determine the required pressure for the standpipe system, it is necessary to determine the total pressure loss. Operator should slowly develop the amount of pressure needed to supply the 32

33 system. NOTE: Fire pumps range in pressure from approx. 185 psi and higher The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the following types of fluid pressure encountered in the fire service: Reference-Pages 385 & 386 Essentials of Fire-fighting 4 th edition (Or Delmar Glossary) A) Flow Pressure created by the rate of flow or velocity of water coming from a discharge opening. Also called Plug Pressure. A) Residual The pressure left in a distribution system at a specific location when a quantity of water is flowing. C) Static If the water is not moving, the pressure exerted is static. D) Negative Also called a vacuum, a pressure that is somewhat less than atmospheric pressure. E) Normal Operating Pressure found in a distribution system during periods of normal consumption demand The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the principles of friction loss as they relate to: A) Internal diameter of hose Reference-Page 147 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: In a fire hose, the following causes friction loss: Movement of water molecules against each other, lining in fire hose, couplings, sharp bends, change in hose size or orifice by adapters, and improper gasket 33

34 size. Good quality fire hose has a smoother inner surface and causes less friction loss than lower quality hose. B) Length of hose line Reference-Pages 147 & 148 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Friction loss in a system increases as the length of hose or piping increases. If all other conditions are the same, friction loss varies directly with the length of the hose or pipe. C) Manner in which hose lines are laid Reference-Page 150 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Certain characteristics of hose layouts affect friction loss, including the following: Hose length Hose diameter Sharp bends (kinks) in the hose It is usually possible to minimize sharp bends or kinks in the hose by using proper hose handling techniques. To reduce friction loss due to hose length or diameter, it is necessary to reduce the length of the hose or increase its diameter. D) Pressure Reference-Page 147 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: When hoses are the same size, friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. Friction loss develops much faster than the change in velocity. As the flow doubles, the friction loss increases four times. When the original flow is tripled, friction loss increases nine times. E) Use of appliances Reference-Pages 188 & 190 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: The friction loss created varies with each type of appliance. Appliance friction loss is insignificant in cases where the total flow through the appliance is less than 350 GPM. As with fire hose, the only sure way to determine the exact friction loss of each appliance is for individual fire departments to conduct their own friction loss tests. 34

35 F) Use of multiple hose lines Reference-Pages 195 & 201 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: When determining the friction loss in equal length multiple lines whose diameters are the same, it is only necessary to perform calculations for one line. This is because each of the other hose lines will have approximately the same friction loss. When the diameters of the hose lines vary, friction loss calculations must be made for each hose line. The pump discharge pressure is then set for the highest pressure. The valve on the hose requiring the lesser amount of pressure is partially closed to reduce the pressure from that discharge. When unequal length hose lines are used, the amount of friction loss varies in each line. For this reason, friction loss must be calculated in each hose line. G) Use of various nozzles Reference-Page 189 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Friction loss caused by hand line nozzles is not considered, as it is generally insignificant in the overall pressure loss in a hose assembly. Friction loss due to elevation is approx. 5 pounds per floor The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the use of Q-formulas in mathematical calculations as required, to solve the fire department pumper hydraulic problems. Reference-Pages 185 & 186 Pumping Apparatus Handbook Answer: Equation A where: FL=Friction loss in psi C= Friction loss coefficient (from table 8.3, page 186 Pumping Apparatus Handbook) Q= Flow rate in hundreds of gpm (flow/100) L = Hose length in hundreds of feet (length/100) The steps for determining friction loss using Equation A are as follows: Obtain from table 8.3 the friction loss coefficient for the hose for the hose being used. Determine the number of hundreds of gallons of water per minute flowing (Q) through the hose by using the equation Q=gpm/100 Determine the number of hundreds of feet of hose (L) by using the equation L= feet/100. Plug the numbers from steps 1,2,& 3 into equation A to determine the total 35

36 Example: friction loss. C= 2 from table 8.3 Q= gpm/100 Q=300/100 Q= 3 L= hose length/100 L= 400/100 L= 4 FL= CQ 2 L FL=(2)(3) 2 (4) FL= (2)(9)(4) FL=72 psi total friction loss Captain s Signature 7-21 The Fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper, shall demonstrate proper back flushing procedures The Fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper, shall demonstrate proper winter operating procedures The Fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper, shall demonstrate the operating procedures for the foam proportioner including flow rates for the 2.5 and 5 GPM proportioners at different percentages The fire apparatus driver/operator, given a fire department pumper shall demonstrate the procedure used to gate down excessive pressure when supplying different size hose and nozzles and when receiving excessive incoming hydrant pressure. REFERENCES: Daily Apparatus Report, Vehicle Inventory, W.F.R.S. Operations Manual, W.F.R.S. Driver s Manual, I.F.S.T.A. Pumping Apparatus 2 nd Edition, Essentials of Firefighting 4 th Edition, Engine Company Operations, 2 nd Edition (Harold Richman), W.F.R.S. notices and S.O.P.`s. Chapter 7 completed 36

37 Candidate name: Candidate signature: Captain name: Captain signature: 37

38 CHAPTER 8 38

39 CHAPTER: 8 Apparatus Equipped With An Elevating Platform 8-1 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall identify the theories and principles, and demonstrate the operating procedures, for a fire department aerial tower apparatus, in the following areas: A) Cable Systems Reference-Page 20 & 21 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: Cables are used to extend the fly sections The extension and retraction cables are usually galvanized aircraft-type cables made from plough steel and are resistant to abrasion. The cables are designed and constructed to be much stronger than necessary, providing a built-in safety factor. Aerials using a main cable drum can be powered mechanically, hydraulically, or electrically. B) Communications Systems Reference-_age 27 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: Communication systems are used to permit fire fighters at the tip of the aerial device to communicate with the driver/operator at the turntable control station. The system consists of a hands free transmitter/receiver at the tip of the ladder or in the platform and a second transmitter/receiver at the turntable control station. These receivers may either be connected by hard wire or may be of the radio type. NFPA 1901 standard (1996 edition) requires communication systems on all types of aerial devices. C) Electrical Systems Reference-Pages 44, 48, and 49 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answers: With the apparatus running and hooked into the electrical charging system, check the condition of all lights, both running and emergency, for proper operation. It may be helpful to have a second fire-fighter in the cab operate the various light switches so that their operation can be properly checked. Once the vehicle is running, the driver/operator should ensure that all gauges on the dashboard show the apparatus to be functioning in the normal operation range. The driver/operator should also ensure that all controls located in the cab are in proper operating condition. These would include:(reference page 49). The driver/operator should keep in mind that apparatus may be equipped with electrical load management systems. These devices are intended to prevent an overload of the vehicle s electrical generation system. The load monitor watches the system for added electrical loads that threatens to overload the system. When an overload condition occurs, the load monitor is 39

40 designed to shut down less important electrical equipment to prevent the overload. This is referred to as load shedding. The driver/operator must understand the design of the electrical load management system on their apparatus so that they can determine if it is operating properly. The inspection of the electrical system should include, but not be limited to: Lighting System Electrical Motors Battery (if accessible) Voltage Regulator Generator Load manager D) Emergency Operating Systems Reference-Page 18 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: All manufacturers of aerial devices provide an auxiliary hydraulic pump for use in the event of a failure of the main hydraulic pump, this is a requirement of NFPA The auxiliary pump is a 12-volt DC, electrically operated pump connected directly to the vehicle s battery. This direct connection allows the pump top be operated even if the main vehicle engine goes down. These auxiliary pumps provide all the same motions as the main pump, but at a reduced speed. However, the use of these pumps should be limited to bedding the aerial device after a main system failure occurs. They should be operated only for intervals of about one minute, with an equal amount of rest between operations. Auxiliary motors are subject to overheating if they are operated for longer periods of time. E) Hydraulic Systems Reference-Page 17 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: Force is created on the oil by a hydraulic pump. The pump is powered by a power take-off arrangement off the vehicle s main engine. The pump used for the hydraulic system is either a rotary vane or rotary gear positive displacement pump. Both pump a fixed amount of oil through them at a given speed. This allows for predictable operation of the hydraulic components. The hydraulic oil moved into the hydraulic system is supplied from the hydraulic reservoir. The reservoir is designed to supply an adequate amount of oil to operate the hydraulic system and to condition the oil while it is stored in the tank. 40

41 F) Manual Systems Answer: WFRS aerial devices have no manual operating control. G) Stabilising Systems Reference-Pages 144, 145, & 146 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: There are three basic ways that stabilizers move into position. There are those that extend straight down from the apparatus, fulcrum-type that swing down into position, and box-type that first extend outward and then downward. The box type is most common on newer apparatus. Box stabilizers are basically two-part devices. The first part is an arm that extends straight out from the side of the truck, parallel to the ground. Attached to the end of this extension arm is a stabilization jack that extends down to the ground to raise the vehicle. When operating this type of stabilizer, the first operation is to extend the parallel extension arms to their maximum travel distance, if possible. The apparatus allows for partial extension when operating in restricted areas, as a minimum, the extension arms on the side that the aerial device is going to be operated over should be fully extended. Extension arms on the opposite side should be extended as far as possible. Make sure that all stabilizers are in firm contact with the ground and bearing weight. Stabilization using fulcrum-type stabilizers or those that extend straight down from the chassis are similar to those previously described with the box type stabilizers. The primary difference is that these types of stabilizers can be deployed only in the fully extended position and cannot be deployed at all if obstruction are present. H) Safety Systems Reference-Sutphen Corporation Operation Manual Answers: Cab interior warning light: Before moving vehicle, ensure that none of the four warning lights are activated, jacks out, jacks down, cab door open, and compartment door open Audible and Visual warnings (outriggers): Upon deploying outriggers, an audible warning system will sound and a blue light on the turntable will flash. This will indicate that the jack system is not properly deployed but will silence as you complete the set up procedure. The blue light will continue to flash, and the alarm will silence if you are set up for short-jacked operations. Interlock display panel: 41

42 Four green lights will illuminate on the interlock display panel in the hydraulic compartment indicating the jacks are fully deployed and the safety pins are in place. Audible and Visual warnings (bucket): Low air audible alarm will sound indicating air supply is at ¼ of a tank, or between 1000 & 1200 psi. Smart Boom Warning System: This system will warn you both audibly and visually of impending contact with either the cab or the body of the truck. It will not stop movement of the boom! The aerial controls will be put into a slow motion creep mode, and remain in the creep mode as long as the boom is inside the contact zone. I) Override Systems and Hazards Involved Reference-Page 23 of the Sutphen Corporation Operation Manual Answer: A tower override switch, when activated, allows operation of the tower control by releasing the slide plate. Remember that under no circumstances should the aerial device be raised from the bed without the stabilizers and pads being properly set. A jack override switch is provided to lock the sliding plate and allow operation of the stabilizers. This switch should only be used in cases of extreme emergency. Located on the left side of the turntable pedestal is the stabilizer interlock override button. This is to be used only in extreme situations where the outrigger cannot be fully extended on the side opposite the side you want to operate on. Diver/Operators should be fully trained in this operation, and must understand the dangers involved in short-jacking the vehicle. By depressing the button, you can raise the aerial from the bed of the truck. After the aerial has cleared the bed, you may let go of the override button and the tower will continue to operate. Notice that when the aerial clears the bed the audible alarm stops but the blue strobe continues to flash reminding you that the truck is not set up properly. After the tower is in operation, great concern shall be given to the position of the tower and shall never be rotated past the longitudinal centreline of the truck towards the short jacked side. 8-2 The fire apparatus driver/operator shall demonstrate safe operational limitations of elevating platform apparatus in the following areas: A) Angle Reference-Page 15 Sutphen Corporation Operation Manual Answer: Aerial platform has been designed to work in out of level conditions up to 5 42

43 degrees side to side, and 20 degrees front to rear. Spot the rig about ft from the building when possible. This will give you maximum vertical coverage of the building (be aware of collapse zones). B) Ground Conditions Reference-Page 12 & 16 Sutphen Corporation Operation Manual Answer: Always set up the apparatus on concrete, black top or gravel. Surface must be firm and solid. Soil/ground surfaces are not desirable as the outrigger may sink in to the ground causing a tip over. Soil surfaces that seem stable upon set up may erode with fire scene runoff water thus making them unstable. Asphalt parking lot surfaces are typically thin and in hot weather may allow the outrigger to sink through especially if the subsurface material is sand. Make sure that the outriggers or rear jacks are not going to sit upon manhole covers, drains or grates in the street. C) Height Reference-Page 26 Sutphen Corporation Operation Manual Answer: The tower can be elevated from minus 6 degrees to plus 80 degrees from the horizontal while in any position of extension and any position of rotation. D) Master Stream Reference-Page 28 & 29 Sutphen Corporation Operation Manual Answer: A relief valve is installed in the waterway system to help prevent excessive pressure in the waterway. Should the operator retract the tower without opening the waterway drain or should pump pressure exceed the capacity of the waterway, the relief valve will open. The relief valve is set at 250psi discharge pressure. The waterway drain should always be left open when tower is not being operated. There are two turrets with adjustable stream nozzles provided one each side of the platform, attached to the supporting yoke assembly. The water system is rated for up to 1500gpm. There are auxiliary connections on the water system at the platform for standpipe operation. Before retracting the tower make sure that the nozzles and the waterway drain are open to avoid compressing the water in the waterway. Failure to do so can result in serious damage to the waterway. E) Topography Reference-Pages 110 & 111 Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook Answer: 43