DESIGN MANUAL Ultra PLUS 140 Wedge Belts

Transcription

1 DESIGN MANUAL Ultra PLUS 140 Wedge Belts One Range, One Result, One Name... PLINGS GEARED DRIVES BELTS PULLEYS CHAINS SPROCKETS SHAFT FIXINGS COUPLINGS BELTS PULLEYS CHAINS SPROCKETS SHAFT FIXINGS CO THE MARK OF ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE

2 One Range, One Result... Belt drive technology has evolved over the centuries. During this time new design features and production processes have been introduced. Fenner Ultra PLUS 140 is the latest quality transmission product from Fenner Fenner 2 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

3 Fenner power transmission products are world renowned for delivering the ultimate combination of rugged construction, reliable & efficient performance and value for money. - proven in the harshest environments, guaranteed to perform in yours! All Fenner power transmission products are manufactured to exacting specifications in line with UK and International standards, and are backed up by a product development programme designed to keep them at the cutting edge. Ultra PLUS 140 THE MARK OF ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 3

4 ERIKS Industrial Services 2011 Copyright of this brochure belongs to ERIKS Industrial Services. All rights are reserved. This brochure may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any manner or form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this brochure), other than with the prior written consent of ERIKS Industrial Services Limited. The design and specification of the items illustrated here in are subject to alteration without notice. 4 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

5 ULTRA PLUS 140 BELT DRIVES Designed specifically for use in heavy duty and harsh conditions, Fenner Ultra PLUS 140 employs the very latest in materials and manufacturing technology, bringing the belt drive design right up to date. Wedge Belt Drives Design Data Required Type of prime mover, or driving m/c Electric motor starting arrangement Rotational speed of prime mover Greater reliability and life predictability Length stability, minimal stretch and elongation Energy efficient - offers up to 96% efficiency at optimum performance Fit and forget reliability Type of driven machine Rotational speed of driven machine Hours/day duty & start/stop frequency Both driven & driver machine shaft diameters Centre distance fixed centres? adjustment? Space restraints guard dimensions? Any environmental issues ambient temperature water, oil mist, solvents etc. Visit for the Drive Design Assistant FENNER ULTRA PLUS 140 Page Industries and applications 7 Wedge belts 8 Belt drive selection 10 Centre distances, USPB Section 12 Centre distances USPC section 16 Power ratings 18 Taper Lock pulleys SPB section 20 Taper Lock pulleys SPC section 22 Installation and maintenance 24 Technical information 26 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 5

6 Ultra PLUS 140 The Ultimate heavy duty drive belt for harsh environments. THE LANGUAGE OF POWER TRANSMISISONS High Modulus Aramid Cords Chloroprene Rubber Core Double Layer Outer Jacket 140% Power Transmission! The Ultra PLUS 140 uses high modulus aramid cords to transmit up to 40% more power than standard wedge belts. Inner Strength! The aramid cords are supported by a chloroprene rubber core and protected by a double layer jacket, to give rugged durability and low maintenance requirements. 96% Energy Efficiency! The double layer outer jacket of the Ultra PLUS140 is an innovative construction to improve flexibility for efficiency while providing incredible protection of the aramid cords. State-of-the-art, high efficiency drive belt engineering. 6 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

7 Applications FENNER ULTRA PLUS 140 The harshest environments demand the most reliable products available. The heavy industry sector demands products which give the highest level of performance coupled with the longest service life possible. These products need to have high power capacity keeping drive size down and therefore cost to a minimum. The all new Fenner Ultra PLUS 140 range of high power wedge belts ticks all these boxes and more. The aramid cords, chloroprene core and asymmetric weave double jacket not only give a power capacity 140% that of standard wedge belt products, they ensure an efficiency of up to 96% The finished product is only as good as the sum of its parts and when you add together this state-of-the-art product, superior quality Fenner pulleys and 150 years of engineering heritage, you know you have a product you can trust. THE ULTIMATE SOLUTION FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS Building, mining and quarrying Steel Forestry Pulp & paper Waste and recycling Petrochemical This detailed approach to design and power transmission drives sets the Fenner Ultra PLUS 140 apart from its competitors and will make a real difference to your drive. It excels in a wide range of heavy duty applications including: Waste compactors Shredders Crushers Heavy duty conveyors Bucket elevators Woodworking machinery Quarry plant Saw mills Calendars Compressors Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 7

8 Fenner Ultra PLUS 140, CRE PLUS & Quattro PLUS Wedge Belts ISO 4184 DIN 7753 BS 3790 Fenner wedge belts are precision built for excellent length matching. They are manufactured from high quality polymer and textile materials for superior heat and oil resistance. All Fenner ULTRA PLUS 140, CRE PLUS and Quattro PLUS cogged raw edge wedge belts are static conductive to the ISO 1813 standard. They will not self-ignite under severe slip/stall conditions, subject to maximum surface temperature limitations. ULTRA PLUS CRE PLUS & QUATTRO PLUS USPB Belt Designation Metric Imperial 5V DATA FOR ALL WEDGE BELTS USPC Belt Designation Metric belt designation denotes pitch length in mm. SPZ: Lo = Lp + 13mm SPA: Lo = Lp + 18mm SPB: Lo = Lp + 22mm SPC: Lo = Lp + 30mm Lp = Pitch length Lo = Outside length PITCH LENGTH Lp = Li + mm (Inside length) BELT WRAPPED CRE QUATTRO SECTION BELT BELT PLUS SPZ SPA SPB SPC V MASS PER UNIT LENGTH kg/m BELT ULTRA WRAPPED CRE QUATTRO SECTION PLUS BELT PLUS PLUS SPZ SPA SPB SPC V WORKING TEMPERATURES Fenner Power Plus and CRE Plus wedge belts perform satisfactorily within the temperature range 40 to 70 C. Quattro PLUS temperature range 40 to 80 C Ultra PLUS 140 temperature range -30 to +85 C Belt Designation Belt Designation Belt Designation Belt Designation XPZ QXPZ XPA QXPA XPB QXPB XPC QXPC PRODUCT CODES 8 digit for standard wedge belt. Digits 1 to 3: Product Group Power Plus 267 CRE Plus 268 Ultra PLUS Quattro Plus Digit 4: Section Letter (USP, SP, XP, QXP) Z, A, B, C, D (8V). Digits 5 to 8: Length 0 then first 3 of 4-figure lengths or, first 4 of 5-figure lengths. E.g.: Ultra PLUS 140 USPB 4500 is coded 268B Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

9 ISO 4184 DIN 7753 BS 3790 RMA IP22 In addition to their precision-built qualities, Fenner Power Plus wedge belts have superior anti-static and oil-resistant properties. All Fenner Power PLUS wedge belts are static conductive to the ISO 1813 standard. They will not readily self-ignite under severe slip/stall conditions, subject to maximum surface temperature limitations Belt Designation Metric Imperial 3V V SPZ 8 Belt Designation Metric Imperial 3V Belt Designation SP A 10 Belt Designation SPB 13 Belt Designation Metric Imperial 5V V SPC Belt Designation V 18 Belt Designation Metric Imperial 8V Section dimensions in millimetres. Italic type denotes not held in stock at all locations. Bold type denotes standard sizes in ISO Metric designations show pitch length in mm. Imperial designations show 'effective' length in 1/10 inches Note: The ISO 4184 standard now refers to 'datum' lengths, which are essentially the same as 'pitch' lengths. Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 9

10 Ultra PLUS 140 Wedge Belt Drive Selection (a) Speed Ratio Calculate Speed Ratio by dividing the rev/min of the faster shaft by the rev/min of the slower shaft. (b) Service Factor From Table 3 (page 11), select the Service Factor which is applicable to the drive. If the drive is speed increasing, an additional factor may be required refer to top of Table 3. (c) Design Power Multiply the normal running power or prime mover power by the Service Factor. This gives the Design Power which is used as the basis for selecting the drive. (d) Belt Section & Type Refer to Table 2 (below) and trace to the right along the horizontal axis to the rev/min of the faster shaft. Trace upwards along the vertical axis to the Design Power. Choose the belt section and type represented by the area in which the point of intersection falls. (e) Minimum Pulley Diameter Refer to Table 1 (below) and select the minimum recommended pulley, using the Design Power from step (c) and the faster shaft speed. This is a guide to the minimum pulley pitch diameter capable of transmitting the design power at the given speed,without generating excessive bearing loads. (f) Pulley Pitch Diameters Refer to the drive selection tables on pages 12 to 17 and for the belt section chosen read down the speed ratio column to the value nearest the calculated speed ratio. Use the Minimum Pulley Diameter from step (e) as a guide to the small pulley selection. (g) Belt Length, Centre Distance and Correction Factor The drive tables list ISO belt lengths. Along the same line as the chosen Speed Ratio read across the table to find a suitable Centre Distance. The required Belt Length is given at the head of the column. Note the Correction Factor by following the colour band in which the chosen centre distance falls, to the top of the table. If the Centre Distance is not specified consider a drive with a centre distance approximately equal to the sum of the pulley pitch diameters. When non-standard pulleys or belts are used the Centre Distance and Belt Length can be calculated using the formulae given on page 27 in the technical information section. Interpolate from the tables for the Correction Factor. Refer to the power rating tables (pages 18 to 19) for the section chosen. In the left-hand column locate rev/min of the faster shaft, i.e. the one with the small pulley. Read across to the column headed by the pitch diameter of the small pulley and note the rated power. Note that Fenner pulleys are designed for belt speeds up to 40 m/s. If using non-fenner pulleys seek manufacturer's approval at high speeds. TABLE 1 N.B. The powers listed in the columns headed by the motor speeds in the Drive Tables (pages 12 to 7) give the power per belt including Speed Ratio Increment, step (j). These powers require correcting for belt length and arc of contact correction factor (g) and should be used in conjunction with the appropriate Service Factor. From the power rating tables (pages 18 to 19) note the additional power per belt for the Speed Ratio being used. This value is the same for all types of belt of a given section. Add the Speed Ratio Power increment (j) to the Basic Power per Belt (h) and multiply by the Correction Factor from step (g). (l) Number of Belts required Divide the Design Power from step (c) by the Corrected Power per Belt (k). The result gives the number of belts required. If the answer contains a fraction use the next whole number. (m) Bore sizes Check that the pulleys will fit shafts by referring to the pulley dimension tables (pages 20 to 23). TABLE 2 Speed *Minimum Pulley Diameter (mm) of faster Design Power (kw) shaft up to rev/min , QXPC & USPC SPC QXPB & USPB * This table is intended as a guide to selection only. Bearing loads should be carefully considered when using small pulleys on electric motors. DESIGN POWER kw 800 SPB REV/MIN OF FASTER SHAFT QXPA 2,000 QXPC only SPA QXPZ SPZ QXPB only 3,000 4,000 5,000 6, Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

11 Ultra PLUS 140 Wedge Belt Drive Selection EXAMPLE Design a wedge belt drive from a 50kW 6-cylinder diesel engine which runs at 1200 rev/min to a mobile crusher running at 750 rev/ min, for between hours per day. The centre distance is to be approximately 1750mm. The engine shaft is 70mm diameter and the crusher shaft is 80mm diameter. (a) Speed Ratio Speed ratio = 1250 = 1.60:1 750 (b) Service Factor From Table 3 the service factor is 1.4. (c) Design Power = 50 x 1.4 = 70 kw (d) Belt Section By referring to Table 2 (opposite) the intersection of design power and the speed of the faster shaft indicates SPB* or USPB section. (e) Minimum Pulley From Table 1 (page 10) the minimum recommended pulley is approximately 250 mm. (f) Pulley Pitch Diameters By referring to the centre distance tables relating to USPB section belts on page 13 the selection is a driving pulley of 250 mm pitch diameter and a driven pulley of 400 mm pitch diameter. (g) Belt Length, Centre Distance and Correction Factor Reading across the table, the nearest centre distance to the 1750 mm required is 1738 mm. The belt length at the head of the column is By following the colour shading to the top of the table, a correction factor of 1.05 is noted. (h) Basic Power per Belt From the power rating table (page 18), the rated power/belt for a 250 mm pitch diameter pulley at 1200 rev/min is 21.51kW for Ultra PLUS 140 section USPB. (j) Speed Ratio Power Increment The power increment (by interpolation) for a speed ratio of 1.60 at 1200 rev/min is 0.89 kw. (page 18) (k) Corrected Power per Belt = ( ) x 1.05 = kw per belt. (l) Number of Belts required = 70 = 2.98 i.e use 3 USPB Ultra PLUS 140 wedge belts (m) Bore Sizes From pulley dimension tables (page 21). A 250mm x 3 SPB pulley has bush size 3020 with a 75mm max. bore - OK for 70mm engne shaft. A 400mm x 3 SPB pulley has bush size 3525 with 100mm max. bore - OK for 80mm crusher shaft. DRIVE SPECIFICATION Ultra PLUS 140 USPB Engine pulley 250 x 3 SPB Taper Lock bush 3020 x 70 mm Compressor pulley 400 x 3 SPB Taper Lock bush 3525/80 mm 3 x USPB 4500 wedge belts give 1738mm centres. * If SPB belts are used, 4 belts would be required, with 4 groove pulleys TABLE 3: SERVICE FACTORS SPEED INCREASE RATIO TYPES OF PRIME MOVER For speed increasing drives of: Speed ratio multiply service factor by 1.00 Speed ratio multiply service factor by 1.05 Speed ratio multiply service factor by 1.11 Speed ratio multiply service factor by 1.18 Speed ratio 3.50 and over multiply service factor by 1.25 'Soft' starts 'Heavy' starts TYPES OF DRIVEN MACHINE 10 and Over 10 Over and Over 10 Over 16 under to 16 under to 16 Class 1 Agitators (uniform density), blowers, exhausters and fans (up to 7.5 kw), centrifugal compressors and Light pumps. Belt conveyors (uniformly loaded). Duty Class 2 Agitators and mixers (variable density), blowers, exhausters and fans (over 7.5 kw). Rotary Medium compressors and pumps (other than centrifugal). Duty Belt conveyors (not uniformly loaded), generators and excitors, laundry machinery, lineshafts, machine tools, printing machinery, sawmill and woodworking machinery, screens (rotary). Class 3 Brick machinery, bucket elevators, compressors and pumps (reciprocating), conveyors (heavy duty). Heavy Hoists, mills (hammer), pulverisers, punches, Duty presses, shears, quarry plant, rubber machinery, screens (vibrating), textile machinery. Class 4 Crushers (gyratory-jaw roll), mills (ball-rod-tube) Extra Heavy Duty Electric motors: Electric motors: AC Star Delta start AC Direct-on-line start DC Shunt wound DC Series & compound wound Internal combustion engines with 4 or more Internal combustion engines cylinders with less than 4 cylinders Prime movers fitted with centrifugal Prime movers not fitted with soft start clutches, dry or fluid couplings or devices electronic soft start devices Hours per day duty Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 11

12 Centre Distance SPB, XPB, QXPB, USPB Wedge Belt Drives Combined Arc and Belt Length Correction Factor Pitch Diameter Power per SPB Speed of Pulleys Belt (kw) Ratio Driver Driven rev/min rev/min 12 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual BELT LENGTH SPB, QXPB, USPB & SPB ONLY USPB ONLY Speed Ratio Pitch diameters in italic type indicates drives where the use of CRE Plus or Quattro Plus belts are recommended. The above drives are based on the ISO belt length designations, other belt lengths and pulley combinations are available - consult your local Authorised Distributor. All dimensions in millimetres.

13 Centre Distance SPB, XPB, QXPB, USPB Wedge Belt Drives Combined Arc and Belt Length Correction Factor Pitch Diameter Power per SPB Speed of Pulleys Belt (kw) SPB, QXPB, BELT LENGTH USPB & SPB ONLY Ratio USPB ONLY Speed Driver Driven rev/min rev/min Ratio Pitch diameters in italic type indicates drives where the use of CRE Plus or Quattro Plus belts are recommended. The above drives are based on the ISO belt length designations, other belt lengths and pulley combinations are available - consult your local Authorised Distributor. All dimensions in millimetres. Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 13

14 Centre Distance SPB, XPB, QXPB, USPB Wedge Belt Drives Combined Arc and Belt Length Correction Factor Pitch Diameter Power per SPB Speed of Pulleys Belt (kw) Ratio Driver Driven rev/min rev/min Pitch diameters in italic type indicates drives where the use of CRE Plus or Quattro Plus belts are recommended. The above drives are based on the ISO belt length designations, other belt lengths and pulley combinations are available - consult your local Authorised Distributor. All dimensions in millimetres. 14 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual SPB, QXPB BELT LENGTH USPC & SPB ONLY USPB, ONLY Speed Ratio

15 Centre Distance SPB, XPB, QXPB, USPB Wedge Belt Drives Combined Arc and Belt Length Correction Factor Pitch Diameter Power per SPB Speed of Pulleys Belt (kw) Ratio Driver Driven rev/min rev/min SPB, QXPB, BELT LENGTH SPB ONLY USPB ONLY Speed Ratio The above drives are based on the ISO belt length designations, other belt lengths and pulley combinations are available - consult your local Authorised Distributor. Efficiency Drive Get the most from your wedge belt drives Order yours today: Product Code: 230K0000 Wedge belt drives can offer as much as 96% efficiency in power transmission on most applications. To achieve and maintain such efficiency, requires optimum drive design, care on installation, and simple regular maintenance. The Fenner Wedge Belt Drive Maintenance Kit can help achieve this. The kit contains the simple tools necessary to help achieve optimum performance. Guide to efficient wedge belt operation - including belt efficiency audit questionnaire. Fenner belt tension indicator - simple tool to ensure accurate belt tension. Pulley groove gauge - check pulley wear Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 15

16 Centre Distance SPC, XPC, QXPC, USPC Wedge Belt Drives Combined Arc and Belt Length Correction Factor Pitch Diameter Power per SPC Speed of Pulleys Belt (kw) BELT LENGTH USPC & SPC ONLY Ratio Speed Driver Driven rev/min rev/min Ratio The above drives are based on the ISO belt length designations, other belt lengths and pulley combinations are available - consult your local Authorised Distributor. All dimensions in millimetres. Drive combinations are available using 200mm & 212mm pitch diameter pulleys and Quattro Plus belts - consult your local Authorised Distributor. 16 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

17 Centre Distances SPC, XPC, QXPC, USPC Wedge Belt Drives Combined Arc and Belt Length Correction Factor Pitch Diameter Power per SPC Speed of Pulleys Belt (kw) BELT LENGTH USPC & SPC ONLY Ratio Speed Driver Driven rev/min rev/min Ratio The above drives are based on the ISO belt length designations, other belt lengths and pulley combinations are available - consult your local Authorised Distributor All dimensions in millimetres. Drive combinations are available using 200mm & 212mm pitch diameter pulleys and Quattro Plus belts - consult your local Authorised Distributor. Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 17

18 Rev/min RATED POWER (kw) PER BELT FOR SMALL PULLEY PITCH DIA (mm) Belt B of faster shaft NOTES: Only Fenner pulleys should be used for belt speeds between 30 and 40 m/s. For belt speeds greather than 40 m/sec consult your authorised distributor. Speed (m/s) 40 B NOTE: Only Fenner brand pulleys should be used where belt speed falls between 30 and 40 m/s. Rev/min of faster shaft ADDITIONAL POWER (kw) PER BELT FOR SPEED RATIO to to to to to to to to to and over Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

19 Rev/min RATED POWER (kw) PER BELT FOR SMALL PULLEY PITCH DIA (mm) Belt C of faster shaft NOTES: Only Fenner pulleys should be used for belt speeds between 30 and 40 m/s. For belt speeds greather than 40 m/sec consult your authorised distributor. C NOTE: Only Fenner brand pulleys should be used where belt speed falls between 30 and 40 m/s. Rev/min of faster shaft ADDITIONAL POWER (kw) PER BELT FOR SPEED RATIO to to to to to to to to to and over Speed (m/s) 40 FENNER BELT TENSION INDICATOR The high performance and efficiency of Fenner Precision Built belts requires correct tension. We recommend using the Fenner Belt Tension Indicator. Product Code: 230A0000 Deflection in mm (larger marker ring) Setting force in kgf (smaller marker ring) Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 19

20 Taper Lock Pulleys for B, SPB, XPB, QXPB & USPB Belts Catalogue Pitch No. of Bush Max. Bore Pulley F J K L M N Outside Code Dia (P) Grooves No. Metric Inch Type Dia (O) 031B B B B B B B B0185* B B B B0195* / B B B B / B / B / B B / B / B / B / B B / B / B / B B B / B / B B B / B / B / B B B0248* B / B / B / B B B0258* B / B / B B B B0268* B / B / B B B B0278* B / B / B B B B0288* Dimensions in millimetres unless otherwise stated. *Non-preferred pulley sizes. Pitch diameters in italic type, shaded darker, indicate pulleys to be used with B Vee belts, XPB & QXPB wedge belts only. All envelope, prime functional and Taper Lock bush dimensions are correct at the time of publication. Non-functional dimensions may vary slightly. Non-functional dimensions may vary slightly. These pulleys are designed to operate at rim speeds upto 40m/sec, for higher speeds contact your local authorised distributor. 20 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

21 Taper Lock Pulleys for B, SPB, XPB, QXPB & USPB Belts Catalogue Pitch No. of Bush Max. Bore Pulley F J K L M N Outside Code Dia (P) Grooves No. Metric Inch Type Dia (O) 031B / B / B B B B0298* B / B B B B B B0308* B / B B B B B0328* B / B B B B B0338* B B B B B B0348* B B B B B B0358* B B B B B B0368* B B B B B B0378* B B B B B B0388* / B B B B B B0398* / B B / B / B B0418* B0433* / B / B B B0438* Dimensions in millimetres unless otherwise stated. * Non-preferred pulley sizes. Intermediate diameters available on a non-stock basis. All envelope, prime functional and Taper Lock bush dimensions are correct at the time of publication. Non-functional dimensions may vary slightly. These pulleys are designed to operate at rim speeds upto 40m/sec, for higher speeds contact your local authorised distributor. Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 21

22 Taper Lock Pulleys for C, SPC, XPC, & QXPC & Belts USPC Belts Catalogue Pitch No. of Bush Max. Bore Pulley F J K L M N Outside Code Dia (P) Grooves No. Metric Inch Type Dia (O) 031C / C C C C C C C C 031C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C / Dimensions in millimetres unless otherwise stated. * Non-preferred pulley sizes. All envelope, prime functional and Taper Lock bush dimensions are correct at the time of publication. Non-functional dimensions may vary slightly. These pulleys are designed to operate at rim speeds upto 40m/sec, for higher speeds contact your local authorised distributor. Pitch diameters in italic type, shaded darker, indicate pulleys to be used with C Vee belts, XPC & QXPC wedge belts only. 22 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

23 Taper Lock Taper Pulleys Lock Pulleys for C, SPC, for C, XPC, SPC, QXPC & USPC QXPC Belts Catalogue Pitch No. of Bush Max. Bore Pulley F J K L M N Outside Code Dia (P) Grooves No. Metric Inch Type Dia (O) 031C C C C C / C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C / C / C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Dimensions in millimetres unless otherwise stated. Intermediate diameters available on a non-stock basis. All envelope, prime functional and Taper Lock bush dimensions are correct at the time of publication. Non-functional dimensions may vary slightly. These pulleys are designed to operate at rim speeds upto 40m/sec, for higher speeds contact your local authorised distributor. PULLEY GROOVE DIMENSIONS A D e* f b lp W R Belt Pulley ± ± 0.15 ± 0.3 ± 0.13 NOM Section PCD -0.0 SPZ Up to Dual Groove Over SPA Up to Dual Groove Over SPB Up to Dual Groove Over SPC Up to Dual Groove Over *e dimension the tolerance shown is between any two grooves. (pitch circle diameter) Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 23

24 Fenner Wedge Belt Tensioning Instructions "ONE SHOT" TENSIONING Fenner belts are Precision Built to ensure inherent length stability and matching during storage and on the drive. Over many years, the principle of "one-shot" tensioning has been verified by successful drives the world over. Install the belts to be a snug fit around the pulleys. Spin the pulleys 3-4 revolutions to bed belts into the pulley grooves. (Note: if done manually, beware of finger entrapment between belts and pulleys) Tension the belts to the basic setting forces from the table. Run the drive under load for minutes. If possible stop the drive, check tension & reset to the basic value if necessary. With a drive that is properly designed for the application there should be no need for further attention during the life of the belts. For short centre distance drives where the deflection of the belt is too small to measure accurately it is recommended that both deflection and setting force be doubled. Fenner Belt Tension Indicator Calculate the deflection in mm on a basis of 16mm per metre of centre distance. Centre distance (metres) x 16 = deflection (mm). SETTING FORCES Belt Section 16mm deflection per 1 metre of centre distance Setting force to deflect belt 16 mm per metre of span Small pulley Basic setting forces diameter (mm) Newtons (N) kilograms (kgf) 112 to USPB 170 to to over to USPC 265 to over FENNER BELT TENSION INDICATOR BELT TENSION INDICATOR APPLIES SETTING FORCE AT MID CENTRE DISTANCE The setting forces below are designed to cover a wide range of drives. A precise setting force for individual applications can be calculated. Please consult your local Authorised Distributor or use the 'Fenner Select' design software at Set the lower marker ring at the deflection distance required in mm on the lower scale. Set the upper marker ring against the bottom edge of the top tube. Place the belt tension indicator on top of the belt at the centre of span, and apply a force at right angles to the belt, deflecting it to the point where the lower marker ring is level with the top of an adjacent belt. Read off the setting force value indicated by the top edge of the upper marker ring. Compare this force to the kgf value shown in the table. If a Fenner Belt Tension Indicator is not available, a spring balance and rule will suffice. Deflection in mm (larger marker ring) NOTES: For single belt drives a straight edge should be placed across the two pulleys to act as a datum for measuring the amount of deflection. If the measured force falls within the values given, the drive should be satisfactory. A measured force below the basic value indicates under-tensioning. After the drive has been running for minutes, under load the tension should be checked and re-adjusted, if necessary. TROUBLE SHOOTING Generally caused by slippage due to insufficient belt tension, but excessive heat and/or chemical fumes can also cause the same problem. Caused by excessive contamination by oil, certain cutting fluids, water or rubber solvent. Whip during running Often caused by incorrect tensioning, particularly on long centre drives. If a slightly higher (or lower) tension does not cure the problem there may be a critical vibration frequency in the system which requires re-design or use of banded belts. Consult your local Authorised Distributor Technical Services. Pulleys Setting force in kgf (smaller marker ring) Pulley groove wear can cause rapid belt failure. Check grooves for wear with a Fenner groove gauge. 24 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

25 Installation and Operation of Wedge Belt Drives Although comparatively old in principle today's belt drive is an extremely efficient method of transmitting power between prime mover and machinery. It owes its present high performance standards to many years of research and development by engineers and technologists, leading to significant refinements in materials and processes. To derive maximum benefit from such advances it is important that the simple installation and operation procedures set out here are closely followed. Making these routines standard practice will ensure optimum performance and long, trouble-free life from Fenner belt drives. TENSIONING PULLEYS If tensioning (jockey) pulleys are to be used on wedge belt drives, they must be grooved pulleys working on the inside of the drive, preferably on the slack side. The pulley should be positioned as close as possible to the large pulley. Flat tensioning pulleys, bearing on the outside of the drive are permissible only with V and not with wedge belts. They should be positioned within one third of the centre distance from the small pulley. The tensioning pulley must have at least the same diameter as the small pulley of the drive. Tensioning pulley movemement must allow for passing the belts over the outside diameter of one of the drive pulleys on installation, and should also allow for belt stretch/bedding in. The modern wedge belt drive is a highly efficient power transmission medium, but optimum performance will not be achieved without correct tension and alignment. INSTALLATION PULLEYS Before assembling the drive, check the pulley grooves are free from scores or sharp edges, and all dimensions conform to the relevant standard. Drive installation is straightforward with Taper Lock but follow all steps on the installation leaflet provided with every Taper Lock bush. ALIGNMENT Good alignment of pulleys is important to avoid belt flank wear. The diagrams opposite show some of the common alignment faults. Pulley misalignment should not exceed 1/2 0 angular and 10mm / metre drive centre distance, axial. A laser alignment device is available, which facilitates quick, easy and accurate pulley alignment - consult your local Authorised Distributor. BELT INSTALLATION When the pulleys have been correctly positioned on the shafts, the belts can be installed to complete the drive. The drive centre distance should be reduced prior to the installation of the belts so that they may be fitted without the use of force. Under no circumstances must belts be prised into the grooves. Belts and pulley grooves can easily be damaged by using sharp tools to stretch the belts over the pulley rim. The installation allowance given in the table opposite is the minimum recommended reduction in centre distance for the various belt sections and lengths to allow for correct fitting. The take-up allowance given in the same table should be added on to the calculated centre distance to allow for belt stretch/bedding in. GUARDS Where guards are necessary it is desirable to use mesh materials to permit adequate ventilation. Guards should be generously sized to allow for incidental belt flap. 1 Angular misalignment 2 Composite misalignment INSTALLATION AND TAKE-UP ALLOWANCE TAPER LOCK All Fenner V and wedge belt pulleys use Taper Lock shaft fixing. Detailed instructions for fitting and dismounting Taper Lock products are included with Taper Lock bushes. 3 Axial misalignment Belt Installation Allowances Pitch Length Take-up (mm) SPB SPC (mm) B C 2180 to to to to to to to to to Correct installation -both shafts and pulleys are parallel and in alignment. Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 25

26 Technical Information ENGINEERING UNITS, CONVERSIONS & FORMULAE SI (Systeme Internationale) Basic Units from which all other units can be derived: Quantity Unit Symbol Imperial Unit Length metre m inch Mass kilogram kg pound Time second s (same) Electric current Ampere A (same) Temperature Kelvin K Fahrenheit Other units of measurement, and their relationship to basic SI units. Quantity Unit Symbol Relationship Imperial Unit Angle radian rad 1 rad = 1 m/m degree 1 = 1 rad x /180 Area square metre m 2 1 m 2 = 1m.m square foot square inch Frequency Hertz Hz 1 Hz = 1 s -1 cycle/sec (c/s) Force Newton N 1 N = 1kg.m/sec 2 tonne t 1 t = 1000 kgf ton kilogramforce kgf 1 kgf = 9.81 N poundforce (lbf) Pressure Pascal Pa 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 Bar bar 1 bar = 10 5 Pa lbf/inch 2 (psi) Energy Joule J 1 J = 1 N.m Power Watt W 1 W = 1 J/s kilowatt kw 1 kw = 1000W horsepower Elec.potential Volt V 1 V = 1 kg.m 2 /A 2.s 3 Elec.resist. Ohm 1 W = 1 V/A Elect. capacity Farad F 1 F = 1 A.s/ V Temperature degree. Celsius C 1 C = 1 K Fahrenheit Note: the kelvin scale starts at absolute zero i.e 0 o K the Celsius scale starts at 273 o K i.e 0 o C (freezing point of water) K and C degree intervals are the same Speed Linear metre/second m/sec mile per hour foot/sec Angular radian/second rad/s 1 rad/s = 1 m/m.s revolution/min rev/min 1 rev/min = /30 rad/s Torque Newton metre Nm 1 Nm = 1 kg.m 2 /sec foot.pound pound.inch Volume Cubic metre m 3 1 m 3 = 1m.m.m cubic inch Litre l 1l = 1m 3 /1000 Imperial Gallon Acceleration Linear metre/second squared m/sec 2 1m/sec 2 = 1m/s/s ft/sec 2 Angular radian/second squared rad/sec 2 1 rad/sec 2 = 1m/m.s.s Inertia MR 2 kg.m 2 1kg.m 2 = 1 kg.m.m pound.inch 2 Viscosity centistoke cst 1 cst = 1mm 2 /s Some common units are multiples or submultiples of the above. They use preferred prefixes which indicate multiples or submultiples of basic units and make the resultant unit more relevant to the engineering business. Prefix Symbol Factor mega M x 1,000,000 kilo k x 1,000 milli m 1,000 micro 1,000,000 e.g. the Watt is a small amount of power (an average light bulb consumes 60 Watts) so the kilowatt, i.e Watts, is more commonly used in power transmission. Megawatts i.e. 1,000,000 Watts, are a useful unit of measure for power station capacity. 26 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

27 Technical Information CONVERSION FACTORS Some of the more common Imperial units are mentioned above. The following table gives a comprehensive range of metric units and factors for their conversion to appropriate Imperial units. Length Millimetres x = inches Inches x 25.4 = millimetres Metres x = inches Inches x = metres Metres x = feet Feet x = metres Metres x = yards Yards x = metres Kilometres x = miles Miles x 1.61 = kilometres Force Newtons x = lbf lbf x 4.45 = newtons kgf x = lbf lbf x = kgf Metric ton x = ton Ton x 1.02 = metric ton (1000kgf) (2240lbf) (2240 lbf) (1000kgf) kgf x 9.81 = Newtons Newtons x = kgf Note: kgf = kilogram force and lbf = pounds force Area Sq millimetres x = sq inches Sq inches x = sq millimetres Sq metres x = sq feet Sq feet x = sq metres Sq metres x = sq yards Sq yards x = sq metres Inertia Kilogram metre squared (kg m 2 ) x = Pound feet squared (lbf ft 2 ) FORMULAE Formulae regularly used in power transmission and general engineering. These are the basic parameters of rotational power transmission, related by the following formulae Power (kw) = Torque (Nm) x rotational speed (rev/min) 9550 Torque (Nm) = Power (kw) x 9550 Rotational speed (rev/min) Torque, Inertia and Acceleration The above power / torque formulae are used for applications at their normal running speed. If the inertia of an application is known, the higher torque necessary to accelerate the load from rest to running speed can be calculated. Torque (Nm) = Inertia (kg.m 2 ) x acceleration (rad/sec 2 ) For linear motion, a similar formula gives the force required to accelerate a mass in a straight line. Force (N) = Mass (kg) x acceleration (m/sec 2 ) The above formulae can be applied using deceleration, to calculate braking torque or force. Hydraulic Pumps, Motors & Cylinders Shaft Torque (Nm) = Displacement (cm3 /rev) x pressure (bar) 20 Cylinder force (N) = Pressure (bar) x area (m 2 ) x 10 5 Speed Ratio Speed ratio is a feature of many transmission drives. Ratio is usually described by a number > 1.0, followed by :1. Speed reduction (usually), or increasing, must be specified. Ratio = Faster machine speed (rev/min) Slower machine speed (rev/min) Temperature C = 5 ( F - 32) F = 9 ( C) Volume Cubic metres x = cubic feet Cubic metres x = cubic yards E.g. Belt drive from a 1000 rev/min motor to a blower at 500 rev/min has a 2:1 reduction ratio. Same motor driving a fan at 1500 rev/ min needs a 1.5:1 increase ratio. Gearmotor with a 6-pole (960 rev/min) motor, having a 48 rev/ min output speed has a 20:1 reduction ratio. Chain drive using two 23 tooth sprockets has a 1:1 ratio. Centre Distance Calculation Belt length, given pulley diameters and centre distance: Length (L) = 2C + (D-d)2 + 1,57 (D+d) 4C where L = Pitch length of belt in millimetres. C = Centre distance in millimetres. D = Pitch diam. of large pulley in millimetres. d = Pitch diam. of small pulley in millimetres. Centre distance, given pulley diameters and belt length: Centre Distance (C) = A + A 2 - B A = L 0,3925 (D + d) and B = (D - d)2 4 8 where The above formulae can also be used for chain lengths, using sprocket pitch diameters. Pulley/Sprocket Pitch Diameters Cubic feet x = cubic metres Cubic yards x = cubic metres Fluid Volume & Pressure Litres x 0.22 = imp. gallons Imp. gallons x = litres Litres x = cubic feet Cubic feet x = litres Bar x 14.5 = pounds per sq inch Pounds per sq inch x = bar (lbf/in2 or psi) Torque Newton metre (Nm) x = Pounds feet (lbf ft) Newton metre (Nm) x 8.85 = Pounds inches (lbf in) Kilogram force metre (kgf m) x 9.81 = Newton metre (Nm) Kilowatt (kw) x 1.34 = horse power (hp) Horse power (hp) x = kilowatt (kw) The German Pferdestarke (PS) and French Cheval-vapeur (CV) are similar to the UK/US horse power. Pi () The mathematical ratio (pi) = For pitch diameter of a synchronous belt drive pulley or chain sprocket: Pitch dia (mm) = Chain/belt pitch x no. of sprocket/pulley (mm or inch x 25.4) teeth Drive Design and Maintenance Manual 27

28 Technical Information Indirect Drive End Loads For vee and wedge belt drives, the following formulae give a good approximation of loads sensed by shafts and bearings. Static tension To determine the static tension, Ts, in the belt(s), measure the force, P, required to depress a belt 16 mm per metre of span, by means of a Belt Tension Indicator or use setting forces recommended in the belt installation instructions. The static tension, Ts, is given by Ts = 2(16P) x B where (N) B = the number of belts P = Setting force in Newtons, for the belt in question. Centrifugal tension The centrifugal tension, Tc, developed in a belt is a function of its weight and the square of its belt speed. Tc = M x S 2 (N) The belt speed, S, is given by: S = (d x n) (m/s) where d = pitch diameter of either pulley - mm n = rotational speed of same pulley - rev/min. M = mass per unit length for the belt section in question. See pages 35 to 37 for vee and wedge belt mass values Dynamic tension To determine the approximate dynamic tension, TD, imposed by a drive when running, the centrifugal tension per span, Tc, must be subtracted from the static tension, Ts, hence: TD = 2(16P - Tc) x B (N) Synchronous Belt Drives A different rationale applies consult your Authorised Distributor. Chain Drives Approximate end loads can be calculated from the torque being transmitted: End load (N) = Torque (Nm) Sprocket pitch radius (m) (= ½ pitch diameter) Note that this calculation can be done on either sprocket. Low torque/small radius (high speed shaft) or high torque/large radius (low speed shaft), give the same answer. Bearing Loads The radial load on simple bearing arrangements due to belt/chain drive end loads, gear separating forces, the weight of pulleys or motor rotors etc. can be calculated using moments as shown below for two such loads applied to an arrangement of two bearings supporting a horizontal shaft. Electrical Engineering and Motors Ohm s Law gives the relationship between Voltage (V), current (A) and resistance for simple electric circuits (direct current, DC or resistive circuits) Voltage (Volts) = current (Amps) x resistance () Electrical power is also related to voltage and current, but as all machinery is less than 100% efficient, an efficiency, designated must be applied to calculations Power (Watts) = voltage (Volts) x current (Amps) x (effy.) AC, or alternating current, electric motors have relatively complex electric circuits. The above formulae apply, but need modifying by a power factor, Bearing reactions are determined by taking moments about each support. Taking moments about bearing (2) Radial load on (1) = ( W A. (c - a) - W B. b ) c c Taking moments about bearing (1) Radial load on (2) = ( W A. a + W B. (b - c) ) c c The units of radial bearing load will be the same as for the applied loads. In the above example both applied loads act vertically downward. Bearing reactions will also be vertical but may be upward or downward, depending on the relative values of the applied loads. Note: The above is a simple example. Comprehensive calculations involving many other factors must be carried out to determine bearing life Power Factor = cosine of the circuit phase angle, designated cos For single phase AC electric motors: Power (Watts) = voltage (Volts) x current (Amps) x cos (PF) x (effy.) In 3 phase AC electric motors, the applied voltage reaches the windings at a different value depending on whether the supply is connected in star (Y) or delta () configuration, hence 3electric motor power is usually equal to the above x 3 AC electric motor speed is a function of supply frequency (Hz) and the number of pairs of poles, in the stator winding. Synchronous speed = supply frequency(hz) x 60 (rev/min) pairs of poles Most everyday electric motors are asynchronous, meaning they slip below synchronous speed, to run at around 95-97% synchronous speed when on load. e.g. A 6-pole (= 3 pairs), motor connected to the European standard 50 Hz supply will run at: 50 (Hz) x 60 x 96% (average slip) = 960 rev/min 3 (pairs of poles) 28 Drive Design and Maintenance Manual

29 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE 1. INTERPRETATION 1.1 In these Terms: the Company means Wyko Group Limited (registered in England and Wales) Contract means the contract for the sale and purchase of the Goods and the supply and acquisition of the Services Delivery Address means the address stated on the Order Goods means the goods (including any instalment of the goods or any part of them and any replacement parts supplied as part of the Services) described in the Order Order means the Customer s purchase order Price means the price of the Goods and/or the charge for the Services Quotation means the invitation to treat delivered to the Customer in response to an inquiry Customer means the person so described in the Order Services means the services (if any) described in the Order Specification includes any plans, drawings, data or other information relating to the Goods or Services Terms means the standard terms and conditions of sale set out in this document and (unless the context otherwise requires) includes any special terms agreed in Writing between the Company and the Customer Writing and any similar expression, includes facsimile transmission and comparable means of communication, but not electronic mail 1.2 Any reference in these Terms to a statute or a provision of statute will be construed as a reference to that statute or provision as amended, re-enacted or extended at the relevant time. 2. QUOTATIONS 2.1 The Quotation issued by the Company, if any, will not be valid unless it is signed by an authorised representative of the Company. The Quotation will be valid for the period stated and may be amended, withdrawn or cancelled by the Company at any time by written or oral notice. 2.2 The Quotation is for all of the Goods and/or Services for which quotations are given by the Company. Any order for only part of the Goods and/or Services forming the subject of the Quotation may, at the Company s discretion, be subject to a revised quotation. 3. FORMATION OF CONTRACT 3.1 All Goods and Services are offered and all contracts are entered into subject to these Terms. All other terms, conditions or warranties whatsoever are excluded from the Contract or any variation thereof unless accepted by the Company in writing. 3.2 These Terms will be incorporated into any Contract between the Company and the Customer to the exclusion of any terms or conditions stipulated or referred to by the Customer. Any dealings with the Company following receipt by the Customer of notice of these Terms will automatically be deemed acceptance thereof and the basis for all future contracts unless expressly otherwise stated in writing. 3.3 The Order constitutes an offer to purchase the Goods and/or Services from the Company subject to the Terms and incorporation of the Quotation, if any. 3.4 The Order cannot be cancelled or varied after being accepted by the Company except with its written consent and the agreement of the Customer to pay all the costs incurred by the Company in connection with the cancellation or variation. 4. 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Unless agreed in writing, the Customer is responsible for providing suitable facilities for unloading the delivery vehicle and will be responsible for all loss of or damage to the Goods during the course of such unloading as a result of unsuitable facilities. 4.6 Where the Customer collects or arranges collection of the Goods from the Company's premises, entry of any vehicle of the Customer or its agent on to the Company's premises will be at the sole risk of the Customer or its agent save to the extent that any claim arises from the Company's negligence resulting in personal injury or death. 4.7 Where delivery or performance is postponed otherwise than due to default by the Company or if the Customer fails to take delivery on the agreed delivery date or, if no specific delivery date has been agreed, when the Goods are ready for despatch, the Customer will pay all costs and expenses including a reasonable charge for storage, insurance and transportation costs and all necessary work undertaken by the Company on the Goods incurred in connection with the delay. 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If the Company undertakes to deliver the Goods, risk will pass to the Customer after the time of delivery at the agreed place of delivery. 7.2 Notwithstanding delivery and the passing of risk in the Goods, or any other provision of these Terms, title to the Goods will only pass to the Customer upon the happening of any one of the following events: the Customer has paid to the Company all sums due and payable by it to the Company for all Goods whatsoever supplied under the Contract; or when the Company serves on the Customer notice in writing specifying that title in the Goods has passed. 7.3 Until such time as the property in the Goods passes to the Customer, the Customer will hold the Goods as the Company's bailee, and will keep the Goods separate from those of the Customer and third parties and properly stored, protected and insured and identified as the Company's property and the Customer hereby irrevocably authorises the Company to enter upon the premises of the Customer or of any third party where the Goods are stored for the purpose of ensuring that the provisions of this clause are being complied with. 7.4 Until such time as the title in the Goods passes to the Customer, the Customer will be entitled to resell or use the Goods in the ordinary course of its business but such right may be terminated immediately upon notice by the Company to the Customer and if the Customer is then in possession of the Goods the Customer will forthwith return the same to the Company free of charge and in any event will cease to be in possession of the same with the consent of the Company. 7.5 The Company may recover Goods in respect of which title has not passed to the Customer at any time and the Customer hereby irrevocably authorises the Company to enter upon any premises of the Customer or of any third party, to the extent that the Customer is able to grant such authorisation, where the Goods are stored, with or without vehicles, for the purpose of repossessing any Goods in respect of which title has not passed to the Customer. 7.6 The Customer will not be entitled to pledge or in any way charge by way of security for any indebtedness any of the Goods which remain the property of the Company, but if the Customer does so, all moneys owing by the Customer to the Company will (without prejudice to any other right or remedy of the Company) immediately become due and payable. 8. SAMPLES AND DESCRIPTIONS 8.1 The provision by the Company of samples for analysis by the Customer or the inspection of samples by the Customer will not render any sale a sale by sample. 8.2 No guarantee or warranty is given that supplies will correspond exactly to the description or sample and the use of any description or sample will not constitute the Contract a sale by description or sample or a sale by sample and description. 9. PRE-DELIVERY TESTING AND INSPECTION 9.1 To the extent required or permitted by the Contract the Customer or its authorised agent will be entitled to test or inspect the Goods prior to their delivery. If this right is not exercised within 7 days of notification to the Customer of readiness for inspection or testing or where the Customer does not within 3 days after inspection or testing notify the Company in writing of its lack of satisfaction then the Customer will be conclusively deemed to have accepted the Goods and to have agreed that the Goods are fully in conformity with the Contract. Any costs incurred in carrying out such testing or inspection including the provision of consumable items will be charged extra to the Customer. 10. SHORT DELIVERY AND DEFECTS APPARENT ON INSPECTION AT DELIVERY 10.1 Without prejudice to clause 9, the Customer will have no claim for shortages, defects or other damage apparent on visual inspection unless: the Customer inspects the Goods within 3 working days of delivery and notifies the Company of the claim orally within such period; and a written complaint is made to the Company; and the Company is given an opportunity to inspect the Goods and investigate any complaint before any use of, or alteration to, or interference with the Goods Failure to comply with clause 10.1 will mean the Goods will be deemed to be in all respects in accordance with the Contract. If short delivery does take place, the Customer will not reject the Goods but accept the Goods delivered as part performance of the Contract The Customer will have no claim for non-delivery unless a written complaint is made to the Company within 14 days of the date of the Company's invoice Subject to compliance by the Customer with the requirements of clause 10, the Company will at its option be entitled to repair or replace free of cost and within a reasonable time any Goods lost in transit or found to be defective or damaged on visual inspection. If the Company does so repair or replace the Goods the Customer will be bound to accept such repaired or replacement Goods and the Company will be under no further liability in respect of any loss or damage whatsoever arising from the delivery, or lack of delivery, or from any delay before the defective Goods are repaired or the replacement Goods are delivered The Customer cannot reject the Goods or the Services without giving the Company a reasonable time and opportunity to rectify any defects in the Goods or the Services. If the Company rectifies the defects in the Goods or the Services they shall be deemed to be in all respects in accordance with the Contract. If the Customer does become entitled to reject the Goods or the Services the Company will repay to the Customer any sums paid by the Customer in respect thereof but will be under no further liability in respect of its failure to perform or the consequences thereof. The Customer will in any event have no right to reject the Goods or the Services, or any part of them, on account of minor omissions or defects which do not materially affect the commercial use of the Goods. 11. WARRANTIES AND GUARANTEE 11.1 The Company warrants that the Goods will comply with any specification specifically agreed by the Company in writing. All other terms, warranties or conditions as to quality, description, fitness for purpose or otherwise (whether express or implied, statutory or otherwise) are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law save as set out in clauses 11.2 and Without prejudice to clause 10, if the Customer shall, within 14 days of a defect being discovered and in any event within 12 months of the Goods being put into service or within 12 months of delivery (whichever is the earlier), give written notice to the Company that a defect exists in the Goods the Company will upon being satisfied by examination that the Goods are defective solely due to faulty materials or workmanship at its sole discretion either repair the defective Goods or take back the defective Goods and supply satisfactory substitute goods free of cost and within a reasonable time The Company gives no guarantee and the Customer will not be entitled to any claim in respect of any repairs or alterations undertaken by the Customer without the prior specific written consent of the Company nor in respect of any defect arising by reason of fair wear and tear or damage due to accident, neglect or misuse nor in respect of any defect in the design of the Goods or the performance of the Services in either case to the Customer's specification The Company will not be liable for loss or damage suffered by reason of use of the Goods after the Customer becomes aware of a defect or after circumstances arising which should reasonably have indicated to the Customer the existence of a defect The Company gives no guarantee and the Customer will not be entitled to any claim in respect of any defect arising by reason of: any failure to install, operate or maintain the Goods in strict accordance with the Company's instructions and/or any operational manuals supplied by the Company; any failure to operate or maintain the Goods using competent personnel; unsuitable lubricant, defective mounting or connection or any other factor causing a defect beyond the reasonable control of the Company The Company gives no guarantee in respect of Goods not of the Company's manufacture but will assign to the Customer its rights (if any) against its supplier and these rights will be taken in extinction of and in substitution for any rights which the Customer would otherwise have had against the Company. Further in respect of any such Goods or component parts of the Goods the Company gives no assurance or guarantee whatsoever that the sale or use thereof will not infringe patent, copyright or other intellectual property rights of any other person, firm or company All information and details contained in the Company s advertising, sales and technical literature are provided for guidance only and their accuracy is not guaranteed. No such data or information will form part of the Contract and the Company will not in any event be liable for any inaccuracies or omissions. Unless agreed by the Company in writing the Company will be under no liability whatsoever in respect of any failure of the Goods to achieve indicative performance targets Any advice of the Company relating to the use of the Goods cannot be relied upon by the Customer and therefore at all times it is for the Customer to satisfy itself of the suitability of the Goods for its own particular purpose. Unless expressly agreed by the Company in writing, the Company does not warrant that the Goods are suitable for any particular purpose whether or not such purpose has been notified to the Company and any implied warranty or condition (statutory or otherwise) to that effect is excluded. 12. LIMIT OF LIABILITY 12.1 The Company will not be liable for economic or consequential loss including loss of profits, contribution to overheads, business opportunities, loss of contracts, finance charges, goodwill, loss of production, increased costs of labour and/or materials, or damage to property howsoever caused by any defect in the Goods or a breach of the duty to exercise reasonable skill and care in performing the Services but subject to the exception where any defect in the Goods or breach of the duty to exercise reasonable skill and care in providing the Services gives rise to a claim by reason of death or personal injury. 13. DIMENSIONS 13.1 The Company reserves the right to alter or change the specification of the Goods within reasonable limits having regard to the type and nature of the Goods. Dimensions stated by the Company are approximate unless the Customer has set out in the Order that the dimensions should comply with precise tolerances. 14. TERMINATION 14.1 The Company reserves the right at any time by notice in writing to the Customer to cancel the Contract for the supply of the Goods or the provision of the Services the subject of any quotation in the event of the Customer failing to approve forthwith any plans, specifications or other matter submitted to the Customer for such approval, but without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which the Company may have against the Customer If the Customer fails to take delivery of the Goods when required, or makes default or commits a breach of any of its obligations under the Contract, or any other contract with the Company, or if the Customer commits any act of bankruptcy or under the provisions of Section 123 of the Insolvency Act 1986 is deemed to be unable to pay its debts or makes or offers to make any arrangement or composition with creditors or if any distress or execution or other legal process is levied upon any of the Customer's property or assets or in the event of a resolution being passed or proceedings commenced for the administration or liquidation of the Customer (other than for a voluntary winding up for the purpose of bona fide solvent reconstruction or amalgamation) or if a Receiver or Manager or Administrator is appointed of all or any part of its assets or undertaking, the Company will be entitled without prejudice to any other right or remedy accrued or accruing to the Company to terminate the Contract in whole or in part by notice in writing and to recover from the Customer any loss on sale of the Goods or supply of the Services comprised in the Contract In the event of the performance of any obligation accepted by the Company being prevented, delayed, or in any way interfered with by: act of God, explosion, flood, tempest, fire or accident; war or threat of war, sabotage, insurrection, civil disturbance or requisition; acts, restrictions, regulations, bye-laws, prohibitions or measure of any kind on the part of any governmental parliamentary or local authority; import or export regulations or embargoes; strikes, lock-outs, or other industrial actions or trade disputes (whether involving employees or either the Company or the Customer or of a third party); difficulties in obtaining raw materials, labour, fuel, parts or machinery; power failure or breakdown in machinery; non-delivery by the Company s suppliers or damage to or destruction of the whole or part of the Goods; or by any other cause beyond the Company s control the Company may at its option suspend performance or terminate the Contract without liability for any damage or losses resulting from such suspension or termination being without prejudice to the Company s right to recover all sums owing to it in respect of Goods delivered, Services performed and costs incurred to date. 15. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS 15.1 The Customer will observe and comply with all statutes, regulations, enactments, byelaws, prohibitions or directions of any governmental, parliamentary or local authority in the United Kingdom or any other country or state in which the Goods are to be used. The Customer will indemnify the Company in full against any liability to which the Company may be under and the consequences thereof in respect of a breach of this clause. 16. LICENCES AND CONSENTS 16.1 The Customer will be responsible for all consents, approvals, import or other licences, permissions or authorities required by any legislation or regulations whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere and for any failure to obtain the same unless the Contract specifically provides otherwise. The Order will constitute a warranty and representation by the Customer that it has obtained every necessary consent, approval, licence, permit or authority that may be required in connection with the Goods and their supply to the Customer. 17. PRODUCT LIABILITY 17.1 In respect of Goods supplied to the Customer for incorporation with, or use ancillary to, any composite products to be produced, manufactured, processed or supplied by the Customer or otherwise the Customer will indemnify the Company for all losses and damages (including all legal costs) that the Company may incur in the event that any claim or claims are made against the Company pursuant to the Consumer Protection Act 1987 relating to the said composite product or products of the Customer or other Goods supplied by the Company in circumstances in which the Goods supplied by the Company were either: not the defective part of the said composite product, or were only rendered the defective part or became a defective product by reason of actions or omissions of the Customer, or were only rendered the defective part or became a defective product by reason of instructions or warnings given by the Customer or another supplier of the said composite product or products For the purposes of this term the word "defective" will be interpreted in accordance with the definition in the Consumer Protection Act The Customer acknowledges that it is under a duty to pass on to its customers (where appropriate) all instructions, information and warnings supplied to it by the Company with the Goods. 18. GENERAL 18.1 The Customer shall not assign or transfer to any other person any of its rights without the express consent of the Company, nor sub-contract any of its obligations under the Contract A notice under these Terms must be in Writing addressed to that other party at its registered office or principal place of business or such other address as may at the relevant time have been notified under this provision to the party giving the notice No waiver by the Company of any breach of the Contract by the Customer will be considered as a waiver of any prior or subsequent breach of the same or any other provision The parties acknowledge and agree that the Contract confers no rights on any third party and the provisions of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 is excluded in its entirety If any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part the validity of the other provisions of these Terms and the remainder of the provision in question shall not be affected The Contract shall be governed by the laws of England and Wales, and the Customer agrees to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts.

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32 FRICTION BELT DRIVES COUPLINGS CHAINS AND SPROCKETS SYNCHRONOUS BELT DRIVES GEARED DRIVES SHAFT FIXINGS Authorised Distributor D DRIVES BELTS PULLEYS CHAINS SPROCKETS SHAFT FIXINGS COUPLINGS GEARED DRIVES BELTS PULLEYS CHAINS SPROCKETS SHAFT FIXINGS C O Rua Jorge Barradas, 42A/44A/46A Apartado Lisboa Codex PORTUGAL info@april.pt Telefone: Fax: / Desde 1986 ao serviço da indústria Fenner, Fenaflex, Fenner Power Plus, Fenner Torque Drive Plus, PowerTwist, FenLock and Trantorque are registered trade marks of J. H. Fenner & Co. Taper Lock, Power Plus, PB, and Bi-Loc are registered trade marks of WYKO Industrial Services