DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN OFF ROAD VEHICLE (ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE)

Transcription

1 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN OFF ROAD VEHICLE (ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE) 1 Bibek Kumar Giri, 2 Shakti Prasanna Khadanga, 3 Abhijeet Nanda, 4 Guru Prasad Behera, 5 Amit Kumar Munda, 6 Nandan Meher. 1,3,4,5,6 Students, 2 Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, India. Abstract-Our study aims to design, develop and fabricate aroll cage, in accordance with the SAE. The rollcage is the Structural base which protects theoccupant in case of collision and roll over incidents. We have to make an ATV which is effective in any situation and in any circumstance it will be in running condition, it is only possible by analysing its design with high end analysis software like ANSYS We have studied all the parts of the roll cage to examine all its ergonomics.finally the roll cage will be fabricated as per thetools and techniques available in our workshop with cost effective. Key Words: RRH, RHO, FBM, LC, SIM, CHASIS, FRONT IMPACT, SIDE IMPACT I. INTRODUCTION Roll Cage can be called as skeleton of a vehicle, besides its purpose being seating the driver, providing safety. o ATV means all-terrain vehicle which is specially designed for a off roads driving. o ATV is designed for very rough terrain, jumps, endurance. o The design process of this single-person vehicle is iterative and based on several o Engineering and reverse engineering processes. Following are the major points which were considered for designing the off road vehicle: o Endurance o Safety and Ergonomics. o Market availability. o Cost of the components. o Standardization o Safe engineering practices. ANALYZE IMPLEMENT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY We have designed the roll cage keeping in view the safety and aesthetics. These are the two factors which matters us the most, therefore they are given utmost consideration. IJSDR International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 189

2 III. ROLL CAGE DESIGN Roll Cage can be called as skeleton of a vehicle, besides its purpose being seating the driver, providing safety and incorporating other sub-systems of the vehicle, the main purpose is to form a frame or so called Chassis. IV. VEHICLE DIMENSION COMPONENTS OF A CHASSIS OF AN ATV The roll cage must be a space frame of tubular steel. The required members of the roll cage are illustrated Primary members are: Rear Roll Hoop (RRH) Roll Hoop Overhead Members (RHO) Front Bracing Members (FBM) Lateral Cross Member (LC) Front Lateral Cross Member (FLC) Lower Frame Side Members (LFS) Secondary members are: Lateral Diagonal Bracing (LBD) Side Impact Member (SIM) Fore/Aft Bracing (FAB) Under Seat Member (USM) All Other Required Cross Members. Rear Roll Hoop (RRH) The RRH is a structural panel behind the driver s back, and defines the back side of the roll cage. The driver and seat must be entirely forward of this panel. Rear Roll Hoop Lateral Diagonal Bracing (LDB) The RRH must be diagonally braced. The diagonal brace(s) must extend from one RRH vertical member to the other. Lateral bracing may consist of more than one member. Lower Frame Side Members (LFS) The two Lower Frame Side members define the lower right and left edges of the roll cage. These members are joined to the bottom of the RRH and extend generally forward, at least as far as a point forward of every driver s heels, when seated in normal driving position. Side Impact Members (SIM) The two Side Impact Members define a horizontal mid-plane within the roll cage. These members are joined to the RRH and extend generally forward, at least as far as a point forward of every driver s toes, when seated in normal driving position. The forward ends of the SIM members are joined by an LC. Fig.1 ROLL CAGE DIMENSIONS Under seat member (USM) USM must be positioned in such a way to prevent the driver from passing through the plane of the LFS in the event of seat failure. Fig.2 PVC MODEL OF THE ROLL Fore/Aft Bracing (FAB) The RRH must be restrained from rotation and bending in the elevation plane by a system of triangulated bracing. Bracing must either: 1) Rear Bracing - directly restrain both joints from longitudinal displacement in the event of failure of the joints; and 2) Front Bracing - restrain both joints from longitudinal and vertical displacement, thus supporting joints through the RHO members. Better design will result if both front and rear bracing are incorporated. Front Bracing IJSDR International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 190

3 Front systems of FAB must connect the FBMUP members to the SIM members (on the same sides). Rear Bracing Rear systems of FAB must create a structural triangle, in the elevation view, on each side of the vehicle. RHO/FBM Gusseting f the RHO and FBM on one side of the vehicle are not comprised jointly of one tube, then a gusset is required to support the joint between the RHO and the FBM to avoid any kind of failure. PROPERTIES TABLE 1 COMPARISION OF MATERIAL AISI 1018 OD-1in W/T- 3mm AISI 1020 OD-1in W/T- 3mm AISI 4130 OD-1in W/T-3mm Density(g/cc) Poisson s ratio Elastic modulus(gpa) Tensile strength(mpa) Yield strength(mpa) Bending stiffness(nm 2 ) Bending strength(nm) Elongation (%) Reduction in area (%) Hardness(HB) Thermal conductivity (microm/mk) Cost in Rupees/metre Weight per metre(kg) REASON FOR THE SELECTION Meets the required. Easily accessible. Easy to weld. V. ANALYSIS OF THE CHASSIS Using the FEM (Finite Element Method) the analysis of the chassis has been done. It is a method for the approximate solution of partial differential equations that model physical problems such as: Solution of elasticity problems, Determine displacement, stress and strain fields. The automatic fine meshing is done for the entire roll cage, with real constant as the thickness & diameter of the pipes. For the purpose of analysis only the weight of the vehicle is taken as 350kg and all other useful information is already given in the above table. The analysis done on the design of the vehicle as follows: Frontal impact Rear impact Side impact Roll over test Torsional Rigidity. It has been assumed that, the vehicle hits the wall at a speed of 60kmph and the collision is assumed to be inelastic i.e., vehicle comes to rest after collision. IJSDR International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 191

4 Frontal impact 8G Maximum Deformation 6.03 mm 214 MPa 1.5 (> 1, Design is safe) TABLE 2 - FRONTAL IMPACT TEST Fig. 3 FRONTAL IMPACT TEST Rear impact 8G Maximum Deformation 14.3 mm 325 MPa 1.4 (> 1, Design is safe) TABLE 3 - REAR IMPACT TEST Fig. 4REAR IMPACT TEST Side Impact 4G Maximum Deformation 3.33 mm 130 MPa 3.53(>1, Design is safe) TABLE 4 SIDE IMPACT TEST Fig. 5SIDE IMPACT TEST IJSDR International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 192

5 Roll over Impact 2G Maximum Deformation 6.4 mm 147 MPa 3.09 > 1, Design is safe) TABLE 5 ROLL OVER TEST Fig. 6 ROLL OVER TEST Torsional Impact Maximum Deformation 2G 8 mm 113 MPa 4.14 >1, Design is safe) TABLE 6 TORSIONAL RIGIDITY TEST Fig. 7 TORISONAL RIGIDITY VI. CONCLUSION It seems like all the design considerations are up to the mark and it allows us to conclude that the design is safe with proper goal to fabricate this vehicle in best possible way and chassis is ready to take up any challenge. VII. REFERENCES: [1] International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME), ISSN : , Volume-2, Issue-4, 2013 KhelanChaudhari, Amogh Joshi, RanjitKunte, Kushal Nair Design And Development Of Roll Cage For An All-Terrain Vehicle. [2] Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences (JMES) ISSN (Print): ; e-issn: ; Volume 9, pp , December 2015M.S.M. Aras, M.K.M. Zambri, F.A. Azis, M.Z.A. Rashid, M.N. Kamarudin System identification modelling based on modification of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) using wireless control system [3] International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering (IJTRE), ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 7, March Deepak Raina, Rahul Dev Gupta, Rakesh Kumar Phanden Design and Development for Roll Cage of All-Terrain Vehicle [4] International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (IJEDR), ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 1 Shaikkhajamoinuddin, B.Balaji Modal and Static Analysis of a Standard All-Terrain Vehicle Chassis [5] International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), ISSN: , Volume 20 Number 3 Feb Upendra S. Gupta, SumitChandak, Devashish Dixit Design & Manufacturing of All Terrain Vehicle (ATV)- Selection, Modification, Static & Dynamic Analysis of ATV Vehicle IJSDR International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 193

6 [6] Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), ISSN: , Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 Bharat Kumar Sati, PrashiUpreti, AnirudhTripathi& Shankar Batra Static and Dynamic Analysis of the Roll Cage for an All-Terrain Vehicle [7] International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: , Volume-3, Issue-2, December 2013 Mr. Darshan J. Patel, Mr. Prajesh S. Kapadiya, Mr. Vivek G. Bavisi, Mr. Deepak M. Nair Design and Fabrication of Roll Cage of a Car [8] International Journal of research In Mechanical engineering & technology (IJRMET), ISSN : , Vol. 5, Issue 2, Ma -October 2015Manjot Singh, SurajGhimire Design and Development of Roll Cage for an All Train Vehicle SAE BAJA [9] International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering, ISSN: , Volume: 2 Issue: 3ShubhamYembarwar, BhushanKamble, Prashant Pande, AmanWankhade DESIGN AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ROLL CAGE OF ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE [10] International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, e-issn: , Volume 4, Issue 3, May-June, 2016VivekDhameliya, Nishantsheta COMPLETE ANYLYSIS OF ROLL CAGE FOR ATV [11] International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, ISSN (O): , Volume 1 No.1, September 2014ShrikantNawani, KartikBisht, Shivam Chopra FEM Analysis of BAJA Chassis. [12] SAE INTERNATIONAL BAJA 2017 COLLIGIATEC DESIGN RULE BOOK. [13] Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas D. Gillespie. [14] Chassis Design by William F. Milliken and Douglas L. Milliken. IJSDR International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 194