HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABSORBER

Transcription

1 Safe Silent Smooth Speed HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABSORBER The Last Brake for Uncontrolled Moving Object HANIL LUBTEC CO., LTD.

2 Shock Absorption and Productivity I nevitably some motion is generated in the process of operating machinery and equipment and physical collision can be happened by reciprocal action of internal components or unexpected accident. Such an impact caused by collision can result destructive affect on the structure of machinery and operating parts. Nowadays all of production machinery and equipment in modern factory have to meet higher requirement for high speed, heavy duty and compact design. In consideration of increasing demand on stronger durability even under the severe operating condition, it becomes the most important problem to solve for not only shorter life and higher maintenance cost but also work safety and production loss by downtime. Against the impact problems by collision of moving object, counter measure should not be taken in passive method like weakening or dissipating the impact but taken in positive method like absorbing and removing impact. Out of many ways to absorb and eliminate the impact we can find there are big differences depending upon the principles and characteristics how to absorb the energy from moving objects. In case of coil spring or rubber bumper which used frequently in factory, it has low efficiency of energy absorption as it stores the impact energy temporarily and rebound again. And even in case of cylinder cushions or dashpots, it presents initially big resistance but collapses shortly after that For these reasons, they are regarded as shock absorbing device with low efficiency and reliability. Hanil Lubtec shock absorber can dissipate the energy at a constant rate and absorb the impact with uniform deceleration. As a result of its unique performance, it will finally stop the moving objects with safe and efficient process. Our industrial type shock absorbers have a good performance in improving productivity in consequence of following merits. Our shock absorbers Enhance the productivity due to higher operating speed of machinery and equipment Save the maintenance cost due to exact elimination of shock damage and extension of machine life Improve the product quality due to safe transportation with minimal impact Make a pleasant work environment due to diminished noise in work area Prevent accident by collision Hanil Lubtec has a variety of standard shock absorbers applicable to wide range of all industry fields and in addition, we are able to specially design and manufacture in conformity with particular usage and specification of the customers. We are confident we can widely satisfy various demands from customers as far as collision and impact problems are concerned. Drop Impact Demonstrator This machine shows the quality performance of Hanil Lubtec's shock absorbers. The glass on the 80kgf steel weight is not felt down to broken at the moment of impact after dropped at 1.6m height, even water in the glass does not splash. Dropping velocity is 5.6m/s(=336m/min) and deceleration to stop the weight in 100mm stroke size shock absorber is 18.8G(=184.7m/s 2 ). 02

3 Mechanisms and Characteristics of Shock Absorption Devices Structure and Principle of Hydraulic Shock Absorber Selection of Hydraulic Shock Absorbers Rating, data, deceleration and impact force Selection procedure Symbols and formula for sizing calculation Calculation examples SAM series(small size) Product Data Dimension SAG series(medium size) Product Data Dimension SAP series(progressive damping) Product Data Dimension Ordering Code and Mounting Accessories for SAM/SAG/SAP SAV (Adjustable) SAC (Compact Power Stop) HSAS series(heavy duty) Product Data Dimension Ordering code, Options HSAD series(heavy duty, double rod) Product Data Dimension HSAS/HSAD series : Selection Chart, Speed-deceleration-stroke graph, Cautions for Application to cranes Mounting Variations of Shock Absorbers Cautions in Installation Examples of Applications Constructions and Structures ONTENTS

4 Mechanisms and Characteristics of Shock Absorption Devices A ll moving objects possess kinetic energy and the amount of energy is dependent upon weight and velocity. Collision between the moving object and the opposite object results in physical damage to either or both of them. So it is required the moving object be stopped smoothly to avoid the damage derived from the collision. A device that produces resistance diametrically opposite to the direction of motion must be used to bring the moving object to rest. Various devices are commonly used to bring moving objects to rest. They vary greatly in effectiveness and mechanism. Energy absorption products which have been typically used include springs, rubber bumpers, cylinder cushions, snubbers, and dampers but they absorb impact energy just in low efficiency. They do not break up the kinetic energy at even deceleration rate producing a destructive resistance force at the moment of impact or at the end of stroke. On the contrary, a hydraulic shock absorber stops the moving object with no damage due to constant deceleration. The following graphs illustrate how each product performs when kinetic energy is identical. Spring/Rubber bumper Cylinder cushion / Dashpot Resistance Resistance Stroke Stroke Suppose a car is approaching a wall and the driver applies the brakes too lightly in front of the wall. The car will hit the wall because it doesn t slow down due to very weak braking. Eventually the kinetic energy of the car is dissipated by collision with the wall. Using a spring to decelerate a moving object is like applying a car s brakes too gently. The resistance at the early stage of collision is low but increases as the spring is compressed, eventually becoming a solid stop. The most of the object s kinetic energy absorbed by spring or rubber bumper is merely stored in them and then transferred back to the object in the form of strong reaction. This stored energy is returned to the load, producing an uncontrolled stop and the potential for damage to the load or machinery. On the contrary to the left case, consider the driver is confused and applies the brakes too strongly. The car decelerates rapidly as braked and the passengers will be thrown forward severely by high inertial load. The car will not hit the wall, but the tires will get worn away excessively and some internal damage to the car would be produced. Devices such as cylinder cushions or dashpots have an deceleration effect opposite to that of springs. Using them is like braking a car too strongly. This type of hydraulic device has the structure that moving object s kinetic energy is converted into heat by forcing a fluid through a single orifice of fixed size. But it usually absorb a very amall portion of the energy because initially it will provide too much resistance and at the end it will provide too little. Hydraulic Shock Absorber Unlike the above two cases, suppose the driver applies the brakes with adequate load considering the distance between the car and the wall and the driving speed. In this case, the car will stops smoothly and firmly without producing bad feel to the passengers and harmful affect to the car. Hydraulic shock absorbers provide a linear deceleration by converting almost of the kinetic energy into heat through a series of orifice holes. Thus using a hydraulic shock absorber means like appling a car s brakes smoothly and firmly. Hydraulic shock absorbers allow the maximum shock absorption with the minimum deceleration time through a linear deceleration which is achieved in such a way that the volume of the orifice holes is reduced as the moving object is decelerated. Resistance Stroke 04

5 Structure and Principle of Shock Absorber Orifice Holes Check Valve Structure Oil Pressure Chamber Return Hole Bearing Seal Piston Rod Basically hydraulic shock absorber has the composition as left figure. inner cylinder lies in outer cylinder has a series of orifice holes. The pistion moves forward along the inner cylinder and then it pressurizes the fluid within the device and forces it to flow through fixed orifice. The accumulator has a function to store temporarily oil volume as the same as stroked piston rod has in the inner cylinder. Return Spring Oil Accumulator Inner Cylinder Outer Cyliner Heat Dissipation Operating Principle Oil Storage Chamber Impact A. COMPRESSION Upon being impacted, a moving object drives the piston assembly into the inner cylinder filled with oil. Return flow holes in the piston are closed as the piston ring is forced against the piston head. High pressure oil is forced through the orifice holes located along the axial direction of the inner cylinder. The heat is transferred from the oil to the cylinder and body and is then dissipated to the atmosphere. A precharged foaming bladder accumulator is contained within the shock absorber to accommodate the oil displaced by the stroked piston assembly. B. RETURN The compressed accumulator expands and forces the piston assembly to return to its original position. The check valve will be relieved in the piston head to open return flow holes for the oil to ensure rapid recovery. Damping Characteristics of Hanil Sock Absorber Shock absorber damping characteristics are primarily determined from the orifice sizes and arrangement. Standard damping profiles used in Hanil Lubtec shock absorbers are described below. Conventional damping Progressive damping Self compensating damping Resistance force Resistance force Resistance force STROKE STROKE STROKE Conventional damping allows for linear deceleration by presenting a constant resisting force over the entire stroke. This standard design is the most efficient way to make the most energy to be absorbed in a certain stroke. Progressive damping allows deceleration with a gradually increasing resistance force. The initial minimal resistance at impact protects safely loads and machinery from damage. Progressive damping shock absorbers also have built-in self compensation. so they can operate over a wide range of weights and velocities. Self-compensatin damping maintains acceptable deceleration with conventional type damping characteristics. They operate over a wide range of weights an velocities. 05

6 Selection of Hydraulic Shock Absorber Rating of shock Absorber Industrial Shock Absorbers are rated by capacity in order to select the adequate unit for an application s energy magnitude. Ratings are classified by the weight the shock absorber can stop and the energy it can absorb per cycle and per hour. These ratings relate to the mechanical and thermal capacity of a shock absorber because the energy mechanically absorbed is converted to heat and dissipated. Absorption Energy Effective Weight Three types of energy should be taken into account when making a selection. Effective Weight(WE) means the effect of combining the object s actual weight and the propelling force. Eˇ = E +E W V = F S 2 g =(Eˇ +Eapple) C E Kinectic energy E Work energy Eˇ Total Energy EˇÇ Total Energy per hour C Cyclic time per hour F Prepelling force S Stroke of absorber W Weight W = 2 g Eˇ V W Effective weight g gravity acceleration V velocity Eˇ total energy The first is KINETIC(E K ), the amount of energy generated by an objets s weight and speed. The second is WORK ENERGY(E W ), the amount of work performed on the shock absorber by a propelling force such as an air cylinder. The sum of KINETIC and WORK ENERGY is the amount of energy the shock absorber must absorb each cycle. The third form of energy is THERMAL(E TC ), the amount of heat that must be dissipated for the shock absorber to operate within its temperature range. Considering effective weight prevents inadequate selection when: A. The object s actual weight is extremely small and the energy produced is primarily due to high impact velocity(over 3 meter per second): The result is a high impact force at beginning of stroke due to the low effective weight of the object. In this case, additional orificing could be considered to produce smooth deceleration. B. The impact velocity is extremely low(below 0.2 meter per second) and the energy produced is primarily due to the object s large weight, or the propelling force: The result is a high peak force at end of stroke due to the high effective weight of the object. In this case, internal orificing must be reduced or a larger unit selected. Customer Input Data Basic Application Information Customer input data may be divided into next two groups. The first group contains basic application information to determine the proper size shock absorber. The second group contains information to ensure the shock absorber is compatible with the system as a whole. System Compatibility Information 1. Weight of the load to be stopped : kgf unit 2. Velocity of the load upon impact : m/sec unit 3. Propelling force : in case of existance, kgf unit the additional force due to Hydraulic, pneumatic cylinder, or Electric motor 4. Cyclic frequency per hour: No./Hour 5. Orientation : horizontal, vertical, inclined, rotary, relative 1. Maximum deceleration rate 2. Maximum shock force 3. Using conditions : normal use, use in emergency 4. Temperature conditions 5. Damping characteristics 6. Return time, repositioning force Deceleration and Impact Shock absorber stroke becomes especially important if the mass to be stopped or the supporting structure has maximum shock force or deceleration rate limitations. The stroke required to meet these limitations may be longer than would be necessary to absorb the energy. DECELERATION AND STROKE SHOCK FORCE AND STROKE Shock absorber stroke and deceleration are related by the formula for motion in a straight line with constant acceleration. V2 = 2 a S Therefore, the minimum stroke may be calculated for a maximum deceleration by rearranging the equation. S = v 2 / (2 a ) To calculate the deceleration for a given velocity and stroke, simply rewrite the equation as follows, a = v 2 /(2 S ) In general, if the maximum allowabledeceleration is low, a long stroke is required. If the maximum allowable deceleration is high, a shorter stroke may be used. Velocity at start of impact at end of impact Stroke Total energy to be absorbed E T = F S S therefore, the minimum stroke may be calculated for a maximum shock force by rearranging the equation. S = E T / (F S ) Note that this formula determines the minimum stroke required. A longer stroke may be used. Rearranging the equation differently, this shock force may be calculated for a given energy and stroke. F S = E T / (S ) In general, a short stroke yields a high shock force to the shock absorber and supporting structure. A long stroke yields a low shock force. Shock force Stroke F S : Shock force : Efficiency accordig to Damping Characteristics Conventional : 0.85 Progressive : 0.5 Self-Compensating :

7 Selection of Hydraulic Shock Absorbers Selection Procedure Properly selected shock absorber which has suitable capacity for a collision application will provide good performance in energy absorption and result in longer lifes of target machines. lmproper shock absorber will not produce smooth, linear deceleration and may cause damage to either party of application. The following step-by-step procedure will assist you in selecting the most economical shock absorber which will give good performance in a particular application. If you have difficulty making a selection, please contact Hanil Lubtec. 1. Impact Type and Usage Conditions Refer to the calculation example for selection of impact type In case of inertial impact horizontal impact rotational impact horizontal relative impact In case of the impact with propelling force horizontal impact propelled by cylinder or motor ect. rotational impact from the torque of motor free falling impact, upward/downward impact by cylinder force No other source data just weight and velociy are informed. when maximum deceleration, maximum shock force and stroke etc. are informed No other source data, just weight and velociy are informed. when maximum deceleration, maximum shock force and stroke etc. are informed 2. Calculation Seek minimum stroke with maximum deceleration. S V 2 a Seek minimum stroke with maximum shock force. S Eˇ FÍ Calculation of the Kinetic Energy and selecting the preliminary model Calculate the kinetic energy Eapple with given weight and velocity. Eapple = 5111 W V 2 g Select a Shock absorber model as preliminary Seek minimum stroke with maximum deceleration. S V 2 a Seek minimum stroke with maximum shock force. S Eapple FÍ F Calculation of the absorbtion energy and effective weight Calculate absorption energy Eˇ Eapple and effective weight W as the impact type of calculation example. Calculation of absorbtion energy per hour Calculate total absorbtion energy EˇÇ in case of impact repetition number per hour is given. Calculation of the absorbtion energy and effective weight Calculate absorbtion energy Eˇ and effective weight W by means of the stroke of the preliminary model. Calculation of absorbtion energy per hour Calculate total absorbtion energy EˇÇ in case of impact repetition number per hour is given. Calculation of the absorption energy and effective weight Calculate absorbtion energy Eˇ and effective weight W by means of the accounted stroke. 3. Model Selection Now find the smallest shock absorber which has an energy rating in column greater than your calculated value and proceed. Choose the absorber composed of the smallest bore and the shortest stroke length. You find a model with an appropriate range Now find the smallest shock absorber which has an energy rating in column greater than your calculated value and proceed. Choose the absorber composed of the smallest bore and the shortest stroke length. You find a model with an appropriate range 4. If you are not successful in finding a proper absorber within our standard models to meet the energy requirements of your application, a modified or special shock absorber shall be provided for good performance, in that case, contact Hanil Lubtec. we provide specially designed products or revised version of standard products to meet user s own specifications. 07

8 Selection of Hydraulic Shock absorbers SYMBOLS Symbol Description unit Symbol Description unit E K Kinetic Energy kgf-m g Acceleration due to gravity(9.81m/s 2 ) m/s 2 E W Work Energy kgf-m H Free drop height m ET Total Energy kgf-m P M Motor rating kw E TC Total energy to be absorbed per hour kgf-m p Operating pressure kgf/m 2 W E Effective Weight kgf D/d Diameter m W Weight kgf T Torque kgf-m C Number of cycles per hour - I Mass moment of inertia kgf-ms 2 S Stroke of shock absorber m RS Mounting distance from pivot point m V Velocity m/s K Radius of gyration m V S Impact Velocity m/s R/r Radius m F P Propelling Force kgf Angular velocity rad/s F C Propelling force of cylinder kgf Distance (length) m F S Shock Force kgf N Revolution per minute rpm a Deceleration m/s 2 Efficiency - t Deceleration time s Friction coefficient - E P Potential energy kgf-m Angle FORMULAE 1. Kinetic energy(straight) W V E = g 2. Kinetic energy(rotation l E = Kinetic energy(free fall) E =Eπ Eπ:Potential energy =m g h m:mass =W h 9. Maximum shock force -Conventional damping Fß= + F -Progressive damping Fß= 10.Minimumstroke (due to impact) S= E S 0.85 E S F E (FÍ-Fπ) Moment of inertia Item Formation Formula BAR1 (circular, rectangular) BAR2 (circular, rectangular) W l= g 3 W l= g Work energy(straight) E = Fπ S 6. Effective weight E =Fπ S T S = 5111 r Effective weight W = 7. Maximum deceleration(due to stroke) -Conventional damping a= 8. Minimum stroke(due to deceleration) -Conventional dampin S= 2 g Eˇ V V S 0.85 V a Deceleration time t = 12. Propelling force generated by electric motor F = 2 S V PÂ V 13. Propelling force by cylinder operation -cylinder expansion p D P FÇ = cylinder compression p (D +d ) P FÇ = Angular velocity of rotation -due to perimeter velocity V = 511 r -due to rpm = p N 60 CUBIC DISK HOLLOWED DISK CONCENTRATED LOAD W l= ( a2 +b 2 ) g 12 W l= r2 g 2 W l= 51 (R 2 +r 2 ) g l= K 2 W 51 g

9 CALCULATION EXAMPLES A. Inertial Impact A-1. Horizontal Impact A-2. Impact against stopped object A-3. Impact against fixed absorber (same stroke and bore) A-4. Impact against moveing object A-5. Encounter (same stroke and bore) A-6. plain swing IMPACT TYPE DATA FORMULAE CALCULATION AND SELECTION W= 400kgf V = 0.6m/s C = 60/hr Max. a = 9.81m/s W = 25,000kgf W = 28,000kgf V = 1.4m/s C = 40/hr W = 3,000kgf V = 1.3m/s C = Max.a=1G ( = 9.81m/s ) W = 90,000kgf W = 90,000kgf V = 0.8m/s V = 0.8m/s C = 60/hr W = 30,000kgf W = 35,000kgf V = 1.1m/s V = 1.2m/s C = 30/hr W= 80kgf = 2.5rad/s K = 0.5m C = 120/hr Max. FS = 300kgf W V E = g Eˇ = E 2 g Eˇ W = V Min.strokeS= W W V E = g (W +W ) Eˇ = E W W W = 1111 W + W Vß = V W V E = g Eˇ = E W = 2 W V VÍ = 1 2 VÍ S= a 0.85 V a 0.85 W W (V +V ) 2 E = g (W +W ) Eˇ = E W W W = 1111 W +W Vß = V + V W W (V +V ) 2 E = g (W +W ) Eˇ = E 2 W W W = W + W Vß = V + V l 2 2 W K 2 E = 511 = g 2 Eˇ = E Vß = K 2 g Eˇ W = 1111 V 2 Eˇ S= 1111 Fß E = = 7.34kgf-m Eˇ = E = 7.34kgf-m EˇÇ = = 440.4kgf-m W = = 400kg S = = m ,000 28, E = (25, ,000) = 1,319kgf-m Eˇ = 1,319kgf-m EˇÇ = 1, = 52,776kgf-m/hr 25,000 28,000 W = = 13,208kgf 25, , E = = 129.2kgf-m Eˇ = 129.2kgf-m E = 2 3,000 = 6,000kgf 1.3 VÍ = 11 = 0.65m/s S = = m E = 90,000 90,000 ( ) (90, ,000) = 5,872kgf-m EˇÇ = 5, = 352,294kgf-m/hr 90,000 90,000 W = = 45,000kgf 90, ,000 Vß = = 1.6m/s 30,000 35,000 ( ) 2 E = (30, ,000) = 2,178 kgf-m EˇÇ = 2, = 65,340kgf-m/hr 2 30,000 35,000 W = = 32,3kgf 30, , Vß = 1111 = 1.15m/s E = kgf-m Eˇ = 6.37kgf-m EˇÇ = = 764kgf-m/hr Vß = = 1.25m/s W = = 80kgf S = = m

10 CALCULATION EXAMPLES B. Moving Load With Propelling Force IMPACT TYPE DATA FORMULAE CALCULATION AND SELECTION B-1. Horizontal Impact (propelled by Motor) W = 100,000kgf W V 100, E = 111 E = = 7,339kgf-m V = 1.2m/s 2 g P M = 60kw 300 P S : HSAS B C = EMERGENCY STOP E = Fπ S = V Stroke = 0.25m Eˇ = Eapple E E = = 3,750kgf-m g Eˇ W = Eˇ = 7,339 3,750 = 11,089kgf-m V ,089 W = = 151,087kgf 1.2 B-2. Horizontal impact (propelled by Cylinder) W = 900kgf V = 0.8m/s P = 75,000kgf/m 2 D = 0.06m C = 40/hr S = 0.075m W V E = g p D E = Fπ S = 5111 P S V Eˇ = Eapple E W = g Eˇ V E = = 29.4kgf-m E = , = 15.9kgf-m Eˇ = = 45.3kgf-m EˇÇ = = 1,812kgf-m/hr W = = 1,389kgf 0.8 B-3. Horizontal Impact (Propelled by Drive Roller) W = 50kgf V = 0.9m/s = 0.2 C = 120/hr W V E = g E = Fπ S =W S Eˇ = Eapple E W = g Eˇ V E = = 2.06kgf-m PRE-SELECTION : SAP Stroke = 0.015M E = = 0.15kgf-m Eˇ = = 2.21kgf-m EˇÇ = = 265.2kgf-m/hr W = = 58.53kgf 0.9 B-4. Free Falling Weight W = 300kgf H = 1.8m C = 30/hr S = 0.15m E =E potentialenergy =W H E =F S =W S Eˇ = Eapple E 2 g Eˇ W = 1111 V V= 2 g H E = = 540kgf-m E = = 45kgf-m Eˇ = = 585kgf-m EˇÇ = = 29,250kgf-m/hr V= = 5.94m/s W = = 325kgf 5.94 B-5. Down on Inclined Plane W = 30kgf L = 0.5m C = 120/hr S = 0.02m =20 E =W L sin E = W sin S Eˇ = Eapple E V= 2 g L sin W = g Eˇ V E = sin20 = 5.13kgf-m E = 30 sin = 0.205kgf-m Eˇ = = 5.335kgf-m EˇÇ = = 640.2kgf-m/hr V= sin20 = 1.83m/s W = = 31.3kgf

11 CALCULATION EXAMPLES B-6. Moving load with propelling force downward B-7. Moving load with propelling force upward B-8. plane swing(propelled by motor) B-9. Drive roller B-10. Swing(propelled by cylinder) IMPACT TYPE DATA FORMULAE CALCULATION AND SELECTION W = 1,500kgf V = 0.7m/s F C = 250kgf H = 0.3 C = 60/hr W = 45,000kgf V = 0.4m/s p = 300,000kgf/m 2 D = 0.35 C = 80/hr W = 180kgf T = 30kgf-m = 1.4rad/s K = 0.8m R S = 0.7m C = 80/hr W = 20,000kgf T = 400kgf-m V = 0.8m/s r = 1.2m R S = 1.4m C = 60/hr Max. F S = 2,400kgf W = 400kgf V = 1m/s F C = 320kgf K = 1m r = 0.5m R S = 0.8m C = 30/hr W V 2 E = g E = F S = (W+Fç) S Eˇ = Eapple E W = 2 g Eˇ 1111 V 2 W V 2 E = g E = F S =(Fç-W) S 2 pi D =( P-W) S 4 Eˇ = Eapple E W = 2 g Eˇ 1111 V 2 l 2 W K 2 2 E = 511 = g 2 T S E = F S = 5111 RÍ Eˇ = Eapple E Vß = RÍ W = g Eˇ V 2 l 2 W r 2 2 E = 511 = g 3 2 W r 2 V 2 W V 2 = = g 3 2 r 2 g 3 2 T FÎ= 11 RÍ E S = (FÍ- FÎ) 0.85 E = FÎ S Eˇ = Eapple E RÍ V Vß = 5111 r W = g Eˇ Vß 2 l 2 W K 2 2 E = 511 = g 2 W K 2 V 2 W V 2 = = g 2 K 2 g 2 T S FÇ r S E = FÎ S = 11 = 1111 RÍ RÍ Eˇ = Eapple + E RÇ V Vß =RÍ = 5111 K W = g Eˇ V 2 1, E = = 37.5kgf-m PRE-SELECTION : SAG Stroke = 0.05m E = (1, ) 0.05 = 12.5kgf-m Eˇ = = 50kgf-m EˇÇ = = 3,000kgf-m/hr W = = 2,002kgf , E = = 367kgf-m PRE-SELECTION : HSAS S = 0.05 m E =( ,000-45,000 ) = 634.9kgf-m Eˇ = = 1,001.9kgf-m EˇÇ = 1, = 80,152kgf-m W = = 122,858kgf E = = 11.51kgf-m PRE-SELECTION : SAM Stroke = 0.04m E = = 1.71kgf-m 0.7 Eˇ = = 13.22kgf-m EˇÇ = = 1,057.6kgf-m/hr Vß = = W = = 270.1kgf E = FÎ= 20, = 285.7kgf = 217.5kgf-m S = = 0.121m (2, ) 0.85 E = = 34.6kgf-m Eˇ = = 252.1kgf-m EˇÇ = = 15,126kgf-m/hr Vß = = W = = 5,719kgf-m/hr E = = 20.4kgf-m PRE-SELECTION : SAG Stroke = 0.05m E = = 10kgf-m 0.8 Eˇ = = 30.4kgf-m EˇÇ = = 912kgf-m/hr Vß = = 0.8m/s W = = 932kgf

12 SAM Series Outline Compact hydraulic shock absorber which has the characteristic of selfcompenstion damping. SAM series provide smooth stop to the the load which ranges 14 ~ 856 kgf at the velocity of 0.3 ~ 1.2 m/s. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials APPLICATIONS : AUTOMOTIVE, ROBOTICS, PACKAGING, CARRIAGE STOP, CONVEYOR/TURN TABLE, TEXTILE LOOMS, PRESS, MACHINE TOOLS Width Across Flats B M Configuration D d H E Product Data STROKE L O Model Stroke Energy absorption Effective weight Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/h Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , SAM , Selection chart Dimension Energy (kgf-m) abaorption(kgf-m) (mm) Stroke(mm) Model Stroke d D B E H M O L SAM M10 x P SAM M10 x P SAM M20 x P SAM M20 x P SAM M20 x P SAM M32 x P SAM M32 x P SAM M32 x P SAM M32 x P SAM M36 x P SAM M36 x P SAM M36 x P SAM M36 x P SAM M36 x P

13 SAG Series Outline Industrial hydraulic shock absorber which has the characteristic of selfcompensation damping. SAG series provide smooth stop to the the load which ranges 480 ~ 22,560 kgf at the velocity of 0.4 ~ 1.9 m/s. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials Applications : PRESS, FOUNDRY, PLASTIC, CONVEYOR, FEED CONTROL, CRANE, HOIST, MILITARY Configuration Outer Dia. Product Data Stroke Energy absorption Effective weight Velocity Max. Impact Model Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/h Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf SAG , , SAG , , SAG , , SAG ,300 1,780 6, ,500 SAG ,400 2,240 6, ,500 SAG ,200 2,200 6, ,500 SAG ,200 2,440 6, ,500 SAG ,000 3,200 9, ,450 SAG ,600 3,800 11, ,450 SAG ,400 4,880 13, ,450 SAG ,700 5,090 14, ,450 SAG ,000 3,800 11, ,900 SAG ,100 6,710 18, ,900 SAG , ,000 7,800 22, ,900 SAG , ,800 8,310 20, ,900 Selection chart Dimension Energy (kgf-m) abaorption(kgf-m) Stroke(mm) (mm) Model d D A B C D E F M L SAG M42 x P SAG M42 x P SAG M42 x P SAG M60 x P SAG M60 x P SAG M60 x P SAG M60 x P SAG M70 x P SAG M70 x P SAG M70 x P SAG M70 x P SAG M88 x P SAG M88 x P SAG M88 x P SAG M88 x P

14 SAP Series Outline Compact hydraulic shock absorber which has the characteristic of selfcompensation damping. SAP series provide smooth stop to the load which ranges 13 ~ 214 kgf at the velocity of 0.7 ~ 2.2 m/s. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials Applications : AUTOMOTIVE, ROBOTICS, PACKAGING, CARRIAGE STOP, CONVEYOR/TURN TABLE, TEXTILE LOOMS, PRESS, MACHINE TOOLS Width Across Flats Configuration Product Data O Model Stroke Energy absorption Effective weight Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/hr Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , SAP , Selection chart Dimension Energy (kgf-m) abaorption(kgf-m) Stroke(mm) (mm) Model Stroke d D B E H M O L SAP M20 x P SAP M20 x P SAP M20 x P SAP M32 x P SAP M32 x P SAP M32 x P SAP M32 x P SAP M36 x P SAP M36 x P SAP M36 x P SAP M36 x P SAP M36 x P

15 Ordering code and mounting accessories for SAM/SAG/SAP Ordering Code SAM Special specification : besides standard specification as temp. environment, velocity - S Pistion rod head : no mark - with Head, NB - without Head Mounting method : no mark- Hex. nut or Lock nut option-sq, SF, RC, CC, FT Stroke : 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 120, 150, 160, 200 Piston bore diameter : 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 Model : SAM, SAG, SAP Mounting Accessories Standard Specifications Model Sort Hex. nut Lock nut Square flange Socket flange Piston rod clevis mount (HN) (LN) (SQ) (SF) (RC) B H C D E F U G I J K M N O P Q R V SAM SAM/SAP SAM/SAP SAM/SAP SAG SAG SAG SAG Sort Cylinder Clevis Mount Foot Mount (CC) (FT) Model I T W X Y Z AC AD AE AF AR AV AH SAM-7 SAM/SAP SAM/SAP SAM/SAP SAG SAG SAG SAG Remark Two sets of hex. nuts or lock nuts are provided as standard mounting accessory according to model Optional mounting accessories are followed by a hex. nut or a lock nut. Each thread type of mounting accessory matches the absorber body. 015

16 SAV Series Hydraulic Shock Absorber Adjustable type Outline The last brake for uncontrolled moving object SAV series shock absorbers are designed to be applicable over wide range of impact weights and velocities. They are adjustable to damping so that the optimum deceleration can be achieved against the changes in impact weight or velocity. Adjustment with adjusting dial and set screw is very simple. The accurate position of the dial for right application can be easily found by revolving the dial minutely then the dial shall be locked with set screw SAV series provide smooth stop to the load which ranges 5-9,524kgf at the velocity of m/sec. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials Applications Robotics Pick-up and transfer Machine tools Conveyor Cylinder cushion Press Packaging Auto. warehouse Product Data Model Stroke Energy Absorption Effective Weight Effective Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/hrs Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf SAV , SAV , SAV , , ,247 SAV , , ,239 Ordering Code Configuration SAM Special spec. : special conditions in temp., environment, velocity - S Mounting Accessories: no mark - lock nut, option - SQ, SF, RC, CC, FT Stroke : 25, 50, 75 Piston Diameter : 13, 19 Refer to details about mounting accessories on page 15 in catalogue Dimension Model A B C d D E F G Standard SAV M30 x P /4-12UNF SAV M30 x P /4-12UNF SAV M42 x P /4-12UNF SAV M42 x P /4-12UNF M Option 016

17 SAC Series Outline High-power Shock Absorber, Drastic Increase in Energy Absorption, Smaller in Size The last brake for uncontrolled moving object SAC series high-power shock absorbers provide large energy absorption in spite of their small sizes but due to special designing and precision parts. SAV series provide smooth stop to the load which ranges 1.3-7,100kgf at the velocity of m/sec. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials Applications Robotics Stopper Cylinder Machine tools Packaging Conveyor Press Cylinder cushion Pick-up and transfer Increase of Energy Absorption : More than 100% Size : 50% and more smaller Product Data Model Stroke mm Energy Absorption Kgf-m/ stroke Kgf-m/ hrs Effective Weight (Kg) Effective Velocity (m/sec) A B C A B C Min Max Min. Max Min. Max Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. kgf SAC , SAC , SAC , , SAC , , , SAC , ,775 1,000 7, ,278 Configuration Dimension d Width Across Flats B H STROKE A C M Model A B C d H M SAC M12 x P1 SAC M14 x P1.5 SAC M20 x P1.5 SAC M25 x P1.5 SAC M33 x P1.5 Ordering Code SAC Refer to details about mounting accessories on page 15 in catalogue Special spec. : special conditions in temp., environment, velocity - S Rod Head : no mark - none, optional - RH Mounting Accessories: no mark - Hex. nut, optional - SQ, SF, RC, CC, FT Damping Style : A - soft, B - medium, C - hard Stroke : 10, 12, 15, 25, 30, Special strokes are available Diameter of Body : 12, 14, 20, 25,

18 HSAS Series Outline Heavy-duty shock absorber which has an extensive range of high energy capacity. Industrial shock absorber lessens the length and weight because it adoptted the accumulator of the gas charge way, which became more compacted and exert prompt rebound. Shock absorber provides smooth stop to the the load which ranges 2,400 ~ 16,847,040kgf at the velocity of 0.3 ~ 2 m/s and has the energy absorption capacity of 154,560kgf-m. The other production bigger in scale is manufactured from specific order. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials Applications Crane facility arrangement : Overhead crane, container crane, transfer crane Computer-operated stacker crane : Automatic parking system warehouse Foundary equipment : mold line and core room automation Heavy Industrial transportation system Product Data Refer to the model selection chart on 24 page 018 Model Stroke Energy Absorption Effective Weight Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/hrs Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf HSAS C ,400 4,300 30, ,300 HSAS B ,800 2,400 8, ,300 HSAS C ,800 8,600 61, ,300 HSAS A ,200 2,700 4, ,300 HSAS B ,145 4,900 17, ,300 HSAS C ,145 17, , ,300 HSAS C ,600 12,000 85, ,200 HSAS B ,000 6,800 23, ,200 HSAS C ,000 23, , ,200 HSAS B 150 1, ,900 10,200 35, ,200 HSAS C 150 1, ,900 35, , ,200 HSAS A 200 1, ,400 7,700 13, ,200 HSAS B 200 1, ,400 13,600 47, ,200 HSAS C 200 1, ,400 47, , ,200 HSAS A 250 1, ,000 9,600 17, ,200 HSAS B 250 1, ,000 17,100 60, ,200 HSAS C 250 1, ,000 59, , ,200 HSAS A 300 2, ,000 11,500 20, ,200 HSAS B 300 2, ,000 20,400 71, ,200 HSAS C ,500 25, , ,400 HSAS B 100 1, ,500 14,400 50, ,400 HSAS C 100 1, ,500 50, , ,400 HSAS B 150 2, ,200 21,500 75, ,400 HSAS C 150 2, ,200 75, , ,400 HSAS A 200 3, ,000 16,200 28, ,400 HSAS B 200 3, ,000 28, , ,400 HSAS C 200 3, , , , ,400 HSAS A 250 4, ,400 20,200 35, ,400 HSAS B 250 4, ,400 35, , ,400 HSAS C 250 4, , , , ,400 HSAS A 300 4, ,000 24,300 43, ,400 HSAS B 300 4, ,863 43, , ,400 HSAS C 300 4, , ,700 1,078, ,400

19 HSAS Series Product Data Refer to the model selection chart on 24 page Model Stroke Energy Absorption Effective Weight Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/hrs Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf HSAS B 100 3, ,800 27,400 96, ,900 HSAS C 100 3, ,800 96, , ,900 HSAS B 150 4, ,100 41, , ,900 HSAS C 150 4, , ,400 1,026, ,900 HSAS A 200 6, ,000 30,800 54, ,900 HSAS B 200 6, ,000 54, , ,900 HSAS C 200 6, , ,500 1,369, ,900 HSAS A 250 7, ,500 38,500 68, ,900 HSAS B 250 7, ,500 68, , ,900 HSAS C 250 7, , ,700 1,711, ,900 HSAS A 300 9, ,600 46,200 82, ,900 HSAS B 300 9, ,600 82, , ,900 HSAS C 300 9, , ,800 2,053, ,900 HSAS A , ,600 61, , ,900 HSAS B , , , , ,000 HSAS B 100 4, ,000 41, , ,300 HSAS C 100 4, , ,100 1,024, ,300 HSAS B 150 7, ,750 61, , ,300 HSAS C 150 7, , ,100 1,536, ,300 HSAS A 200 9, ,000 46,100 82, ,300 HSAS B 200 9, ,000 82, , ,300 HSAS C 200 9, , ,200 2,049, ,300 HSAS A , ,750 57, , ,300 HSAS B , , , , ,300 HSAS C , , ,200 2,561, ,300 HSAS A ,100 1,128,000 69, , ,300 HSAS B ,100 1,128, , , ,300 HSAS C ,100 1,128, ,300 3,073, ,300 HSAS A ,800 1,316,000 92, , ,300 HSAS B ,800 1,316, , , ,300 HSAS A ,500 1,410, , , ,300 HSAS B ,500 1,410, , , ,300 HSAS B 100 5, ,200 47, , ,500 HSAS C 100 5, , ,000 1,194, ,500 HSAS A , ,800 53,800 95, ,500 HSAS B , ,800 95, , ,500 HSAS C , , ,000 2,389, ,500 HSAS A ,440 1,150,800 80, , ,500 HSAS B ,440 1,150, , , ,500 HSAS C ,440 1,150, ,000 3,583, ,500 HSAS A ,920 1,315, , , ,500 HSAS B ,920 1,315, , , ,500 HSAS A ,400 1,370, , , ,500 HSAS B ,400 1,370, , , ,500 HSAS A ,880 1,315, , , ,500 HSAS B ,880 1,315, ,700 1,008, ,500 HSAS A ,840 1,096, , , ,500 HSAS B ,840 1,096, ,285 1,343, ,

20 HSAS Series Product Data Refer to the model selection chart on 24 page Model Stroke Energy Absorption Effective Weight Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/hr Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf HSAS B 100 8, ,200 74, , ,500 HSAS C 100 8, , ,800 1,861, ,500 HSAS B ,080 1,195, , , ,500 HSAS C ,080 1,195, ,600 3,723, ,500 HSAS A ,620 1,537, , , ,500 HSAS B ,620 1,537, , , ,500 HSAS C ,620 1,537, ,400 5,585, ,500 HSAS A 400 \34,160 1,708, , , ,500 HSAS B ,160 1,708, ,900 1,047, ,500 HSAS C ,160 1,708,000 1,047,200 7,446, ,500 HSAS A ,700 1,708, , , ,500 HSAS B ,700 1,708, ,300 1,309, ,500 HSAS A ,780 1,793, , , ,500 HSAS B ,780 1,793, ,300 1,832, ,500 HSAS A ,860 1,537, , , ,500 HSAS B ,860 1,538, ,700 2,357, ,500 HSAS B , ,500 88, , ,800 HSAS C , , ,100 2,219, ,800 HSAS B ,360 1,221, , , ,800 HSAS C ,360 1,221, ,200 4,438, ,800 HSAS A ,540 1,527, , , ,800 HSAS B ,540 1,527, , , ,800 HSAS C ,540 1,527, ,200 6,657, ,800 HSAS A ,720 1,628, , , ,800 HSAS B ,720 1,628, ,100 1,248, ,800 HSAS C ,720 1,628,800 1,248,300 8,876, ,800 HSAS A ,080 1,832, , , ,800 HSAS B ,080 1,832, ,600 1,872, ,800 HSAS A ,440 1,628, , , ,800 HSAS B ,440 1,628, ,200 2,496, ,800 HSAS A ,800 2,036, , , ,800 HSAS B ,800 2,036, ,700 3,120, ,800 HSAS B ,760 1,545, , , ,500 HSAS C ,760 1,545, ,700 5,615, ,500 HSAS A ,520 2,318, , , ,500 HSAS B ,520 2,318, ,300 1,579, ,500 HSAS C ,520 2,318,400 1,579,400 11,231, ,500 HSAS A ,280 2,704, , , ,500 HSAS B ,280 2,704, ,900 2,369, ,500 HSAS C ,280 2,704,800 2,369,100 16,847, ,500 HSAS A ,040 2,576, , , ,500 HSAS B ,040 2,576, ,500 3,158, ,500 HSAS A ,800 2,576, ,800 1,123, ,500 HSAS B ,800 2,576,000 1,123,100 3,948, ,500 HSAS A ,560 3,091, ,100 1,347, ,500 HSAS B ,560 3,091,200 1,347,763 4,738, ,

21 HSAS Series Configuration HSAS 30 & HSAS 50 Model : Spring Return type HSAS 70 ~ HSAS 200 Model : Gas Return type Dimension Model Stroke d D1 D2 N - U E F J 0 L HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS ,000 HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS ,030 HSAS ,230 HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS ,100 HSAS ,300 HSAS ,500 HSAS ,

22 HSAS Series Configuration HSAS 70 ~ HSAS 200 Model : Gas Return type Dimension Model Stroke d D1 D2 N - U E F J 0 L HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS ,155 HSAS ,355 HSAS ,755 HSAS ,205 HSAS HSAS HSAS HSAS ,165 HSAS ,565 HSAS ,016 2,015 HSAS ,216 2,415 HSAS HSAS ,213 HSAS ,613 HSAS ,050 2,063 HSAS ,250 2,463 HSAS ,450 2,813 Ordering Code HSAS Optional Extras Special specification: besides standard specification as temp. environment, velocity - S Safety chain : no mark : none(standard) optional : SC, TC Protective bellows : no mark : without bellows(standard) optional : GC, HC Mounting method : RF, FF, RT, CL, SM Return spring(spring return type) : no mark : external(standard) optional:is(internal) Damping Characteristics : A, B, C Stroke : 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,200 Piston bore diameter : 30, 50, 70, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 Model: HSAS, HSAD Mounting Options PROTECTIVE BELLOWS Protection bellows are useful for protecting piston rod and wiper /seal against water or corrosive dust. Recommended for installation of absorbers in moist and corrosive environment GC : normal HC : Heat proof 022 SAFETY CHAINS/LUGS where specified for overhead cranes SC : Steel TC : SUS Standard mounting method is rear-flange-mounting. But, for absorbers of long stroke, front flange mounting or RT mounting(rear flange + front foot) is recommended. RF : Rear Flange Mounting FF : Front Flange Mounting RT : Rear Flange + Front Foot Mounting CL : Clevis Mounting SM : Other Mount Type

23 HSAD Series Outline Heavy-duty shock absorber which has an extensive range of high energy capacity and this 1 unit roles 2 absorber through dual side composition. Models with gas bag accumulator have smaller length and weight contrast to spring return models and provide prompt rebound. HSAD series provides smooth stop to the load which ranges 3,400 ~ 684,550 kgf at the velocity of 0.3 ~ 1.5 m/s and the biggest HSAD model has the energy absorption capacity of 4,710kgf-m. Absorbers of extra size out of below product data table can be designed and manufactured on order specification. Operating Temperature - 10 C ~ 80 C : standard fluid and materials - 20 C ~ 100 C : special fluid and materials Applications Trolleys of cranes Railway cars Product Data Model Stroke Energy Absorption Effective Weight Velocity Max. Impact Force mm kgf-m/stroke kgf-m/hr Min. kgf Max. kgf Min. m/s Max. m/s kgf HSAD ,400 4,300 30, ,300 HSAD ,800 2,400 8, ,300 HSAD ,600 12,000 85, ,200 HSAD ,000 6,800 23, ,200 HSAD , ,500 50, , ,400 HSAD , ,200 21,500 75, ,400 HSAD , ,800 96, , ,900 HSAD , ,100 41, , ,900 Configuration HSAD 70 & 100(Gas return type) HSAD 30 & 50(Spring return type) Dimension Model Stroke d D B B1 E E1 F F1 H J L M N O N- U HSAD HSAD HSAD HSAD HSAD HSAD HSAD HSAD

24 HSAS/HSAD type : Selection graph, Cautlons for application to cranes HSAS(D) SIZING/SELECTION GRAPH HSAS SIZING/SELECTION GRAPH HSAS-200 HSAS-180 HSAS-160 HSAS-140 HSAS-120 SPEED-DECELERATION-STROKE GRAPH Selection graph Above 2 graphs can be a simple guideline for briefly selecting appropriate Hanil Lubtec shock absorbers. HSAS(D) models are divided to 2 groups according to stroke ranges, mm and mm. How to use graph 1. Draw a line upwards from assumed or calculated stroke point 2. Draw a line to the right from energy absorption point. 3. Models in the right above area from the cross point of 2 lines, ie right side from the stroke line and higher side from the energy absorption line, are selectable. 4. Select shock absorber - for the most economical solution, find it nearest the intersection points. Cautions for proper application to cranes For the application of absorber to crane, Be cautious of points below 1. Maximum deceleration rate is recommended to be below 2G(19.62m/s2) for the safety of operator and carriage protection. 2. If trolley is equipped with Anti-Sway device, take the weight of load into account of total weight. 3. Maximum speed should be accounted as impact velocity for absorber sizing calculation. Accident collision is assumed to happen with all the safety devices are broken down. 4 Confirm if the compelling force work or not at collision. 024

25 Mounting Variations and Cautions In Handling Mounting Variations Hex. Nut Hex. Nut Square Flange Socket Flange Clevis Foot Rear Flange Front Flange Rear Flange and Front Foot Body Flange Cautions in Handling 1. The direction of impact load should be affected along the center line of the piston rod. The impact load deflection angle should be keep in nearly 1 (see Fig1.) 2. If deflection load is applied, it is recommended to use the guide equipment.(see Fig 2.) 3. Maximum side load capability of shock absorber is 5 from centerline, and the shock absorber should be mounted at a radius which is equal to or greater than 6 times the stroke of the shock absorber. (see Fig 3.) 4. Never apply excessive heat over operating temperature range and perform weld on shock absorber body(=outer cylinder) Be careful not to put pressure on or against piston rod. 5. If a shock absorber gets out of order, do not disassemble at site. Please contact Hanil Lubtec or qualified personnel. Disassembling or repairing by improper personnel may cause damages to absorber and injury to human body. 6. Hanil Lubtec's shock absorbers are in principle maintenance-free. But due to safety reasons units should be checked periodically. 7. Be cautious to keep the absorber under operating temperature range after installation. In case of usage under extra temperature condition, please contact Hanil Lubtec. 8. For gas bag accumulator types, be careful not to loosen the pressure inside the gas bag. Please do not touch the gas charge valve except for qualified personnel Flg 1. Flg 2. Flg

26 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS Automation Stacker Crane Turn Table Conveyor system Robot Drum Transportation Cylinder Cushion Pick-up and transfer 026

27 Constructions and Structure 027

28 Advanced Technology for Centralized Lubrication & Motion Control HANIL LUBTEC CO., LTD. Advanced Technology for Centralized Lubrication and Motion & Energy Controls Lubrication Equipment for Heavy Industries and Industrial Machinery Compact-size Centralized Lubrication Systems for Commercial Vehicles, Construction Equipment and Industrial Machinery Industrial Hydraulic Shock Absorbers, Dampers