Green Transportation Summit & Expo SuperTruck Program 1 & 2. Justin Yee, Principal Investigator April 11th, Daimler Trucks

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1 Green Transportation Summit & Expo SuperTruck Program 1 & 2 Justin Yee, Principal Investigator April 11th, 2017 Daimler Trucks

2 SuperTruck Programs SuperTruck 1 SuperTruck 2 Vehicle Target 50% Freight Efficiency Improvement 115+% Freight Efficiency Improvement Engine Target 50% Thermal Efficiency 55% Thermal Efficiency Baseline 2009 Cascadia, DD Cascadia, DD15 Cost Metric none specified three-year simple payback (1) Project scope 5 year, $80 Mil, 50% match 5 year, $40 Mil, 50% match DOE Goals of the program Part of Economy Stimulus Package Push development to invest in high risk technologies Technology spinoff into production if possible No longer a stimulus package Focus on US based development Cost effective solutions that can spinoff into production Impact in CO2 reduction 2

3 SuperTruck 1 Development Roadmap A-Sample (FE Test, April 2014) Aero hood, bumper, active grille Stock DD11 Engine, DT12 DD Trans. + ecoast Waste Heat Recovery (electrical expander & vehicle cooling) 6x2 Axle Config, 2.28:1 RAR + oil baffle GHC Hybrid B-sample (120kw emotor, 360v, 2.4 kw-hr Li-Ion Bat) ehvac (HV compressor, remote condensor, electrical fan) emotor engine start Cab insulation package Clutched air compressor / electronic air control AccuSteer (closed center steering gear + accumulator) Low rolling resistance wide based single tires Thermal mgt. (variable speed fan, water pump) Trailer aero., lightweighting and solar Tinker Trucks A-Sample Final Demonstrator Final Demonstrator (FE Test, Oct 2014 Jan 15) A-Sample Technologies, plus Full Tractor Aero cab/sleeper, underbody, drive wheel fairing, mirror cam, steer wheel, full side extender 50% BTE DD11 Engine + WHR Predictive hybrid controller Predictive engine controller New final drive active oil management with FE gear oil Lightweight Aluminum Frame and cross members Ultra Lightweight Air Suspension Advanced Loadshift 6x2 Solar reflective paint Enhanced Trailer aerodynamics 3

4 Final Demonstration Test Routes Capturing representative driving profiles over a 24 hour cycle 3 drive cycles (14 total hours of driving per DoE, weighted) Portland City Route (PCR) San Antonio Dallas (SDS) Portland Canyonville (PCP) Start/End 10 Min. Idle at End 5 min. Idle 10 min. Engine Off 5 Min. Idle 65 mph 55 mph 1.1 hours hours hours = 14.0 hrs 2 Stationary Cycles (10 total hours total per DoE) Summer Mode Test 100 F ambient / 50% relative humidity Cab/sleeper target temp 73±5 F 600 W/m 2 solar load Winter Mode Test 0 F ambient temperature Cab/sleeper target temp 73±5 F 0 W/m 2 solar load 5.0 hours hours = 10.0 hrs 4

5 Test Fuel (Gal) SuperTruck1 Final Results 24 Hour Cycle Average Fuel Consumption by Route (Weighted) SuperTruck Baseline 140% 120% 100% Freight Efficiency Improvement % 17.8% Payload Increase Fuel Efficiency 20 80% 0 PCP - 55 MPH SDS - 65 MPH City Route Winter Summer 60% 40% 97.4% 20% Supertruck achieved 115% freight efficiency improvement over baseline 0% Total 5

6 SuperTruck1 project in review High Risk-High Reward Technologies Must Consider Customer Payback to be Viable Commercially Available Not Currently Feasible idp + Direct Drive 6x ratio ecoast Predictive Shifting Mirror Cameras Drive wheel fairing Active aero grille Base engine improvements Auxiliaries Hybrid electric powertrain Waste heat recovery Lightweight materials 6

7 DTNA Systems Non-DTNA Systems SuperTruck 2 The challenge Build off of our 2017 New Cascadia to reach 115% (+) freight efficiency using cost effective technologies Modified Aero Cab/ Chassis Downsized, Downrated 11L Engine Waste Heat Recovery Hydraulic Accessory Drive CFRP Cab, Aluminum Frame Advanced Lubrication Management Not Cost Effective Technology Payback > 3 Years 34% Freight Efficiency SuperTruck 1 115% 360V Hybrid + Trailer Solar Wide Base Single Tires Trailer Aerodynamic Treatments Conventional Aero Cab / Chassis Downspeeding. Direct Drive AMT, ecoast, 2.28 Ratio 81% Freight Efficiency 2017 New Cascadia SuperTruck 2 115%(+) Predictive Technologies Engine, Aftertreatment, Variable Water Pump Development Platform New Cascadia

8 SuperTruck2 Development Vehicle Build & Vehicle Controls 14. Vehicle Assembly and Test 1. Technical and Program Management 2. Core Engine Efficiency Chassis & Powertrai n 13. Axle, Tires and Suspension 3. Engine and Powertrain System Controls Chassis & Powertrai n 12. Lightweight Vehicle Component s 4. Aftertreatment Efficiency Energy Management 11. Parasidic Losses 5. Engine Parasitic Losses Reduction Energy Management 10. High- Voltage Systems Vehicle Controls 9. Predictive and Autonomou s Technologie s Aerodynamics & Vehicle Exterior 8. Aerodynamic Development 7. Drivetrain 6. Waste Heat Recovery 8

9 SuperTruck 2 Project Phases Phase 1 Simulation Goal Setting Main Path & Stretch Path Defined TRL 1 & 2 Phase 2 Main Path Design A-Sample Design Release Bench Testing TRL 3 & 4 Phase 3 A-Sample Build & Test System Integration Stretch Technology Go/No Go TRL 5 Phase 4 Final Demo Design Integration Development TRL 6 Phase 5 Final Demo Build Final FE Test Final Report TRL 7 Main Path Technologies Stretch Technologies 9

10 What is the Impact of Fuel Efficiency? One tractor annually* 1 year Annual fuel savings for each 1% efficiency gainedimpact of SuperTruck gal. 8.0 mpg to 12.2 mpg 114,640 5,164 lbs gallons CO2 Large fleet annually ~10,000 tractors, 1 year 1,500,000 gallons 1,146,400,000 51,640,000 lbs gallons CO2 Annual DTNA Sales ~50,000 tractors, 1 year 7,500,000 gallons 5,732,000, ,200,000 lbs gallons CO2 Impact over 5 years ~ 50,000 tractors/yr, 5 years *Calculation Basis: (120,000 miles per year) / (8.0 miles per gallon) = 15,000 gallons * 1% = 150 gallons 112,500,000 gallons 85,980,000,000 3,873,000,000 lbs gallons CO2 10

11 Leveraging expertise of industry and University partners US National Labs Universities Industry Fleet 11