Solar Energy in BC Presenter Mr. Michel de Spot, P.Eng. About EcoSmart

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Bruce Wood
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1 SOLAR ENERGY IN BC

2 Solar Energy in BC This session will cover all key aspects of solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. In short, a PV system transforms solar irradiance into electricity that can be either sold to the grid or consumed locally. Solar is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Today, the US employs more people in solar than in coal and gas. In the world, the rate of PV installations exceeds one 'Site C dam' per week. This course offers the fundamentals of PV solar with the objective to understand how to implement a successful solar project in BC. Presenter Mr. Michel de Spot, P.Eng. Michel is the co-founder, current president and CEO of the EcoSmart Foundation, ( and a Vancouver based not-for-profit corporation that helps to implement green practices and clean technologies with a focus on solar energy. He is a past-president of the Sustainability Committee of the Association of Professional Engineers of BC, a LEED accredited professional, a member of DEERE executive committee and the co-chair of the Clean Energy BC (CEBC) solar committee. Michel has extensive experience in solar energy and was the main driver behind SunMine, the first large-scale solar PV plant in BC. ( and category/sunmine/) SunMine won numerous awards including APEGBC s Sustainability Award and the prestigious Engineers Canada Award for outstanding Engineering project. About EcoSmart EcoSmart is dedicated to the development of solar energy. We have been actively involved in this field since SunMine,, the first large solar plant developed in BC, Canada, is the result of our efforts. We support the launch and development of new solar projects from concept to implementation. We have broad experience in all phases of solar initiatives. We work with all stakeholders in all phases of solar projects and provide independent, high quality solar resource information, preliminary studies and engineering, energy yield assessment, simulations, financial analysis, grant applications, and more.

3 Solar Energy in BC The basics Energy & Power Capacity Factor Solar today in the world The Sun Examples World Solar PV Installed Large-Scale Projects Current Prices Canada PV Prices Inverter Prices Installed Power Cost Residential Solar prices Lowest Electricity Bid Prices Solar in Canada Canada Policies Key Points Irradiance Solar Data Solar Map of Canada Solar Map BC Variability Annual Mean Standard deviation Normal Distribution Probabilities Sun Position GHI APEGBC Seminar Michel de Spot, P.Eng. EcoSmart Nov 9, of 3

4 Mounting Irradiance ontilted Array Sun Declination Solar Azimuth SunMine Example Mounting Types Mounting Examples Daily Profile Annual Profile Annual Yield Market Forecast Fixed Tilt Sensitivity Shading Flat Installation Ground Installation Rooftop Installation 2-AxisTracker SunMine Support Solar Data SunMine Support 2-Axis Shading PV Cell, Module, Panel, Array, System Photoelectric effect Photovoltaic PV Module Explained Tier 1 modules suppliers Inverters Types Inverter Explained APEGBC Seminar Michel de Spot, P.Eng. EcoSmart Nov 9, of 3

5 ebos Balance of the system explained Maintenance O&M Potential Failures Thermal Imaging Gremlins EPA Options SOP Features Requirement Connection SunMine Example Net Metering Financial Benchmarks Example Cost vs LCOE in BC APEGBC Seminar Michel de Spot, P.Eng. EcoSmart Nov 9, of 3

6 TECHNOLOGY SAMPLES

MOD:27898 photon.info/laboratory Q.PLUS L-G4.2 330-340 Q.ANTUM SOLAR MODULE The Q.ANTUM solar module Q.PLUS L-G4.2 with power classes up to 340 Wp is the strongest module of its type on the market globally.

Only Q CELLS offers German engineering quality with our unique triple Yield Security.

7 MOD:27898 photon.info/laboratory Q.PLUS L-G Q.ANTUM SOLAR MODULE The Q.ANTUM solar module Q.PLUS L-G4.2 with power classes up to 340 Wp is the strongest module of its type on the market globally. Powered by 72 Q CELLS solar cells Q.PLUS L-G4.2 was specially designed for large solar power plants to reduce BOS costs. Only Q CELLS offers German engineering quality with our unique triple Yield Security. LOW ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS Higher yield per surface area and lower BOS costs thanks to higher power classes and an efficiency rate of up to 17.3 %. INNOVATIVE ALL-WEATHER TECHNOLOGY Optimal yields, whatever the weather with excellent low-light and temperature behavior. ENDURING HIGH PERFORMANCE Long-term yield security with Anti-PID Technology 1, Hot-Spot-Protect and Traceable Quality Tra.Q. EXTREME WEATHER RATING High-tech aluminum alloy frame, certified for high snow (5400 Pa) and wind loads (2400 Pa). YIELD SECURITY ANTI PID TECHNOLOGY (APT) HOT-SPOT PROTECT (HSP) TRACEABLE QUALITY (TRA.Q ) A RELIABLE INVESTMENT Inclusive 12-year product warranty and 25-year linear performance guarantee 2. Best polycrystalline solar module 2014 Q.PRO-G modules tested THE IDEAL SOLUTION FOR: Ground-mounted solar power plants 1 APT test conditions: Cells at V against grounded, with conductive metal foil covered module surface, 25 C, 168 h 2 See data sheet on rear for further information.

8 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION Format Weight Front Cover Back Cover Frame Cell Junction box Cable Connector 78.5 in 39.4 in 1.38 in (including frame) (1994 mm 1000 mm 35 mm) 52.9 lbs (24 kg) 0.13 in (3.2 mm) thermally pre-stressed glass with anti-reflection technology Composite film Anodised aluminum 6 12 Q.ANTUM solar cells in in in ( mm), Protection class IP67, with bypass diodes 4 mm² Solar cable; (+) in (1200 mm), (-) in (1200 mm) Amphenol UTX, IP '' (1994 mm) 51.5'' (1308 mm) 5.91'' 13.5'' (150 mm) 15.7'' (400 mm) (343 mm) 6 Grounding holes, Ø 0.18'' (4.5 mm) 4 Drainage holes " ( mm) Frame 37.4'' 37.4'' (950 mm) (949 mm) 47.24'' ( 1200 mm) Cable with 39.4'' connectors (1000 mm) Junction bo 4 Mounting slots system Tracker (DETAIL B) 4 Mounting slots (DETAIL A) 8 Drainage holes " (3 6 mm) 1.38" (35 mm) DETAIL A 0.63" (16 mm) 0.39" (10 mm) DETAIL B 0.33" (8.5 mm) 0.28" (7 mm) 1.0" (25.5 mm) 0.98" (25 mm) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS POWER CLASS MINIMUM PERFORMANCE AT STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS, STC 1 (POWER TOLERANCE +5 W / -0 W) Power at MPP 2 P MPP [W] Short Circuit Current* I SC [A] Minimum Open Circuit Voltage* V OC [V] Current at MPP* I MPP [A] Voltage at MPP* V MPP [V] Efficiency 2 η [%] MINIMUM PERFORMANCE AT NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS, NOC 3 Power at MPP 2 P MPP [W] Minimum Short Circuit Current* I SC [A] Open Circuit Voltage* V OC [V] Current at MPP* I MPP [A] Voltage at MPP* V MPP [V] W/m², 25 C, spectrum AM 1.5 G 2 Measurement tolerances STC ± 3%; NOC ± 5% W/m², NOCT, spectrum AM 1.5 G * typical values, actual values may differ Q CELLS PERFORMANCE WARRANTY PERFORMANCE AT LOW IRRADIANCE EFFICIENCY RELATIVE TO NOMINAL POWER [%] Q CELLS Industry standard for linear warranties * Industry standard for tiered warranties * At least 7 of nominal power during first year. Thereafter ma. 0.6 degradation per year. At least 2 of nominal power up to 10 years. At least 83 of nominal power up to 25 years. RELATIVE EFFICIENCY [%] * Evaluation of the 10 PV companies with the largest production YEARS capacity in 2014 (Status: September 2014) TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS PROPERTIES FOR SYSTEM DESIGN Certified UL 1703 (254141) Irradiance [W/m²] IRRADIANCE [W/m²] Typical module performance under low irradiance conditions in comparison to STC conditions (25 C, 1000 W/m 2 ). Temperature Coefficient of I SC α [% / K] Temperature Coefficient of V OC β [% / K] 0.29 Temperature Coefficient of P MPP γ [% / K] 0.40 Normal Operating Cell Temperature NOCT [ F] 113 ± 5.4 (45 ± 3 C) Maximum System Voltage V SYS [V] 1500 (IEC) / 1500 (UL) Safety Class II Maximum Series Fuse Rating [A DC] 15 Fire Rating C (IEC) / TYPE 1 (UL) Design load, push (UL) 2 [lbs/ft 2 ] 75 (3600 Pa) Permitted module temperature on continuous duty Design load, pull (UL) 2 [lbs/ft 2 ] 33 (1600 Pa) 2 safety factor of 1.5 included, see installation manual QUALIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATES IEC (Ed. 2); IEC (Ed. 1), Application class A This data sheet complies with DIN EN All data within measurement tolerances. Full warranties in accordance with the warranty terms of the Q C S sales organi ation of your respective country. PACKAGING INFORMATION -40 F up to +185 F (-40 C up to +85 C) Number of Modules per Pallet 29 Number of Pallets per 53' Container 26 Number of Pallets per 40' Container 22 Pallet Dimensions ( L W H ) Pallet Weight in ( mm) 1671 lbs (758 kg) NOTE: Installation instructions must be followed. See the installation and operating manual or contact our technical service department for further information on approved installation and use of this product. Hanwha Q CELLS America Inc. 300 Spectrum Center Drive, Suite 1250, Irvine, CA 92618, USA TEL inquiry@us.q-cells.com WEB Specifications sub ect to technical changes Hanwha Q CELLS Q.PLUS L-G4.2_ _ _Rev02_NA

Conext CL-NA three-phase grid-tie inverters Ideal solution for commercial buildings, carports and decentralised power plants The Conext TM CL Series is a new line of three phase string inverters

9 Conext CL-NA three-phase grid-tie inverters Ideal solution for commercial buildings, carports and decentralised power plants The Conext TM CL Series is a new line of three phase string inverters designed for high efficiency, maximum flexibility and easy installation and service. Electrolyte-free design with Schneider Electric s rigorous reliability test procedures improve the long-term reliability. Integrated wiring box with multiple options allow for easy, flexible and low cost installations. Remote asset management and trouble shooting are easier than ever before together with Schneider Electric Conext SmartBox and Conext Insight portal. Decentralized architecture and system capability together with Schneider Electric s broad range of medium voltage products make Conext CL the ideal choice for commercial buildings and decentralized power plants.backed by Schneider Electric s global service infrastructure, leading manufacturing facilities and its expertise in energy management, the Conext CL Series is the inverter you should trust for quality and reliability. Why choose Conext CL-NA? Higher return on investment High conversion efficiency: 98.4% peak efficiency, 98.0% CEC efficiency Great value for money: integrated wiring box saves customer the cost of external DC combiner box* Built-in CloudConnect feature to allow direct connection to Conext Insight portal for easy and free remote monitoring ** Designed for reliability Robust design through rigorous Multiple Environmental Over Stress Testing (MEOST), Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) and Temperature Humidity and Bias testing (THB) Electrolyte-free design to guard against dried cap issue and help to improve long term reliability Designed and qualified for applications in tropical environments through salt fog testing and use of conformal coating Flexible Five options of wiring box (base, essential, essential +, optimum and optimum + ) to fit different applications Both wall, pole and minimum 10 o tilt installation CL 18000NA supporting both 600 V and 1000 V applications Products shown: Schneider Electric Conext CL 18/25 with wiring box Easy to service Touch-safe fuse holder available for easy and protective fuse replacement Easily replaceable fan, easy firmware upgrade via USB Self diagnosis and analysis through Cloud connected Conext SmartBox and Conext Insight Easy to install Detachable inverter and wiring box to reduce weight and ease installation Pre-wired wiring box to save connection time Both bottom and side cable entry to allow for flexible installation Product applications PV power plants decentralised Commercial grid-tie decentralised Carports *An external fuse protection shall be installed if base model from available product variants is chosen. ** Up to eight inverters in one cluster solar.schneider-electric.com

10 Conext CL-NA series Device short name CL18000 NA CL25000 NA Electrical specifications Input (DC) Full power MPPT voltage range V V Operating voltage range V V Max. input voltage, open circuit 1000 V 1000 V Number of MPPT / strings per MPPT* 2 / 4 2 / 4 Max. array short circuit current per MPPT 36.0 A 36.0 A Nominal DC input power 19.0 kw 26.5 kw Max. DC input power per MPPT** 11.4 kw 15.9 kw DC connection (in the wiring box) Bottom and side conduit/cable entry Bottom and side conduit/cable entry Base model: spring cage clamp connector Base model: spring cage clamp connector Essential model and Optimum model: fuse holder Essential model and Optimum model: fuse holder Output (AC) Rated output power (PF=1) 18.0 kw 25.0 kw Max. apparent power 18.0 kva 25.0 kva Nominal output voltage 277 / 480 V 277 / 480 V AC voltage range V / V V / V Frequency 60 Hz 60 Hz Frequency range (adjustable) 60 +/- 3 Hz 60 +/- 3 Hz Max. output current 25.0 A 33.0 A Nominal continuous output current 21.7 A 30.1 A Total harmonic distortion < 3 % < 3 % Power factor (adjustable) 0.8 lead to 0.8 lag 0.8 lead to 0.8 lag AC connection (in the wiring box) Bottom and side conduit/cable entry, Bottom and side conduit/cable entry, spring cage clamp spring cage clamp connector Efficiency Peak 98.0 % 98.4 % CEC 97.5 % 98.0 % General specifications Power consumption at night time < 3.0 W < 3.0 W Enclosure rating TYPE 4 (electronics) TYPE 4 (electronics) Cooling Fan cooled Fan cooled Inverter weight 54 kg (119 lb) 54 kg (119 lb) Wiring box weight 15 kg (33 lb) 15 kg (33 lb) Inverter dimensions (H x W x D) 71.4 x 67.4 x 26.8 cm 71.4 x 67.4 x 26.8 cm (28.1 x 26.5 x 10.5 in) (28.1 x 26.5 x 10.5 in) Wiring box dimensions (H x W x D) 36.1 x 67.4 x 26.8 cm 36.1 x 67.4 x 26.8 cm (14.2 x 26.5 x 10.5 in) (14.2 x 26.5 x 10.5 in) Ambient air temperature for operation -25 to 60ºC (-13 to 140ºF) -25 to 60ºC (-13 to 140ºF) Max. operating altitude without derating 2000 m (6560 ft) 2000 m (6560 ft) Relative humidity % condensing condensing Noise emission (at 1 m distance) < 55 dba < 55 dba Features and options Embedded data logger User interface Communication interface Monitoring Remote power off Regulatory approval Yes Graphic display, key pad RS485 (MODBUS RTU), Ethernet / MODBUS TCP (Ethernet), USB, dry contact and key pad SunSpec Alliance profile, easy to connect to third party monitoring system and Schneider Electric monitoring system, inverter built-in web server supporting local webpage monitoring Yes Certifications UL1741. IEEE , CSA C , FCC Part 15*** Available product variants Base: AC connector and DC connector PVSCL18NA100 PVSCL25NA100 Essential: Touch-safe fuse holder, PVSCL18NA200 PVSCL25NA200 DC switch and AC connector Essential + : Essential + AFD PVSCL18NA201 PVSCL25NA201 Optimum: Essential + DC SPD and AC SPD PVSCL18NA300 PVSCL25NA300 Optimum + : Optimum + AFD PVSCL18NA301 PVSCL25NA301 Specifications are subject to change without notice. *Base model: 2/1 **Under unbalanced condition. ***Country certification is subject to modification Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. All trademarks are owned by Schneider Electric Industries SAS or its affiliated companies. DS _ConextCL-NA18_25_Web

Maximize your ROI. Conext CL-60 String Inverter. The ideal solution for decentralized power plants and commercial rooftops

Maximize your ROI. Conext CL-60 String Inverter. The ideal solution for decentralized power plants and commercial rooftops Maximize your ROI Conext CL-60 String Inverter The ideal solution for decentralized power plants and commercial rooftops solar.schneider-electric.com 2016 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved. All trademarks