Accelerating the realisation of key interface technologies in transport and energy - the PNDC

Transcription

1 Accelerating the realisation of key interface technologies in transport and energy - the PNDC Professor Graeme Burt graeme.burt@strath.ac.uk

2 Outline The changing context for power electronic systems for smart cities and green transport Implications for interfaces The PNDC accelerator Examples of innovation and deployment

3 Institute for Energy and Environment Core disciplines Institute Capacity 30 Academic Staff 40 Research Staff 140 Research Students 18 Tech/Admin Staff Research portfolio: 40m Power System Analysis Power System Simulation Power System Economics Energy Markets Active Network Management Machines & Power Electronics Control, Protection & Monitoring Wind Energy Systems Renewables Dielectric Materials/Pulsed Power HV Technology/UHF Diagnostics Energy System Modelling

4 Centres of Excellence National Grid Framework Scottish & Southern Research Fellowship Power Networks Demonstration Centre ScottishPower Advanced Research Centre UK CDT in Wind and Marine Energy Systems Institute for Energy and Environment RTDS Technologies Joint Research Collaboration Rolls-Royce UTC in Electrical Power Systems UK CDT in Future Power Networks and Smart Grids EDF Energy Advanced Diagnostics Centre UK CDT in Wind Energy Systems Scottish Energy Technology Partnership ROLEST Robertson Laboratories for Electronic Sterilisation Tech. TIC Low Carbon Power & Energy Programme. GSE Systems Nuclear Engineering Centre

5 CONTEXT

6 Future energy mix

7 Future energy mix

8 Future power system

9 System Operability - Future

10 System Operability - Future

11 Key Aerospace Drivers: Environment Efficiency Performance Fuel Efficiency Reduced emissions Reduced Crew Workload Greener Aero Noise reduction Optimised Performance Infrastructure Constraints Stakeholders Manufacturers Supply-Chain Regulator Passengers Government Goals for Future Aero Elec. Design Improve power system efficiency Improve Weight/Volume Reduce Total Cost Enhance Safety Improve Thermal Efficiency Improve Reliability Improve Maintainability Increase Functionality Cost Effective Rapid Technological Insertion Green Systems

12 Market Opportunity Market for aerospace electrical systems growing rapidly with the adoption of more electric technologies on new aircraft programmes. Global market is expected to reach $24 Billion by 2017* and will grow even further under the adoption of novel aircraft designs and power generation. While these relate to the civil market, there is likewise opportunity in the space and defence sectors. * Frost & Sullivan Report, Aircraft Electrical Power Systems Charged with Opportunities,2008. Available:

13 IMPLICATIONS

14 Challenges for measurements Lower system inertia Frequency is never nominal ROCOF levels are rising Harmonics Inter-harmonics Unbalance, Faults Inaccessibility, Voltage, Weather Loose standards How do we calibrate? Meters (wideband) Instrumentation On-site? Off-site? How do we ensure robust measurement in real world conditions? Can we?

15 27th August 2013

16 20 minute profile with Arc furnace turn-on

17 Diurnal cycles of THDv

18 Weak systems implications Higher frequency dynamics and voltage/reactive power issues Potential for maloperation of frequency-based protection Constraints on renewables Low fault levels, delayed (or maybe too fast?) converter fault responses? Emulation of inertia? Openness of grid codes and standards Fidelity of measurements Predictability of behaviour & simulation models

19 Implications of evolving codes ENTSO-E Implementation guideline for network code Demand Connection, oad/_library/resources/dcc/131016_- _DCC_implementation_guideline.pdf HVDC grid codes, IET Code of Practice for Low and Extra Low Voltage Direct Current Power Distribution in Buildings

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22 PNDC SMART GRID ACCELERATOR

23 Research and Development National Laboratories Universities Research Councils SME s Feasibility, Testing, Validation and Demonstration PNDC Technology Deployment Utilities Vendors Suppliers

24 PNDC Core Research Themes Protection & Control Asset Management Members determine the core research projects across the themes Power Electronics & DER Communications PNDC Research Themes Network & Demand Side Management Sensors & Measurement Each theme has - Academic Lead - PNDC Research Lead - Industrial Member Representatives

25 PNDC - Unique Testing Capabilities HV Network (11kV) Three underground feeders for a total equivalent length of 6km. One overhead feeder for a total equivalent length of 60km Apply resistive line and earth faults. 11kV/400V transformers from 500kVA to 25kVA LV Network LV Fed from HV Network Transformers ~ 50 to 315 kva Mock impedances ~ 0.6 km Load banks ~ 600 kva (total) Industry Standard Control Systems Real Time Simulation Hardware in the Loop Simulation 3-50µs simulation time-step up to 96 3 phase busses Accurate frequency response up 3kHz PowerOn Fusion monitoring control and switching management Pole mounted auto reclosers Series voltage regulator Power Supply On Grid : 11kV Connection to Primary Substation Off Grid : 5MVA Generator 11/11kV Isolation Transformer

26 The 11kV Network The PNDC has an 11kV network composed of overhead lines and underground cables with mock impedances used to provide a representation of typical overhead lines and cable lengths which cannot be achieved within the network compound. The overhead line can be configured as a radial feeder with an equivalent length of 60km which permits to demonstrate a number of voltage issue, e.g. due to unbalance load and distributed generation, and to test and demonstrate solutions. Technical details Three underground feeders for a total equivalent length of 6km. One overhead feeder for a total equivalent length of 60km. A range of 11kV/400V transformers from 500kVA to 25kVA. Pole mounted auto reclosers. Series voltage regulator. Capability to apply resistive line and earth faults.

27 The LV Network PNDC LV network is powered by its HV circuit via 11/0.4 kv stepdown transformers. Cables with mock impedances represent an urban distribution network with long feeder lengths. Single and three phase load banks simulate load profiles required during tests. Indoor test bays are available to connect equipment (e.g. EV chargers) while outdoor LV pillars are used to change network topology, isolate parts of the network (e.g. to test generators) or as connection points for equipment placed on (bunded) test bays in the network compound. DAQ points allow remote monitoring and control. Technical details Transformers ~ 50 to 315 kva Mock impedances ~ 0.6 km Load banks ~ 600 kva (total)

28 SCADA/DMS The PNDC s 11kV network is remotely controlled. Within the PNDC control room the GE PowerOn Fusion system is installed to monitor and control the 11kV network s modern remote switchable Ring Main Units, Extensible Switch gear and Circuit breakers. Each device on the network (switches, autoreclosers etc.) is connected to the SCADA/DMS system allowing the full vision of the network s configuration and status, current flows and voltage level.

29 Real-Time Digital Simulation The PNDC has a real-time digital simulation capability based on an RTDS platform which can be operated in two distinct but complementary modes: Controller hardware in the loop: Control and protection devices can be tested in real-time under realistic grid operating conditions simulated in the RTDS. The interface between the device under test and the RTDS is achieved through a number of I/O cards. Power hardware in the loop (work in progress): The physical 11kV network can be extended in simulation through the motor generator set, which acts as an interface. As such, the impact of large grid disturbances and HVDC on distribution networks and microgrids can be tested in a low-risk environment. Technical details 3-50µs typical simulation timestep with up to 96 three phase busses simulation capability. Rich library of primary and secondary system components. AC and DC systems simulation. Communications based I/O including IEC and DNP3. Accurate frequency response up 3kHz enabling high fidelity replication of phenomena such as harmonic distortions.

30 PNDC EXAMPLE PROJECTS

31 Hybrid generator project Islanded network configuration of 400V network Multiple loadbanks connected in series in single phase configuration for increased load capacity Pre-configured load profiles and load logging Monitoring using mobile fluke 435 power quality monitors 16kVA hybrid generator phase ~ neutral earth FLUKE 435 H07 3core 16mm cca 86amps Load Bank 8 H07 3core 16mm cca 86amps Load Bank 5 CANFORD BSM5 BBCPSF 10/2 CABLE H07 3core 16mm cca 86amps Load Bank 4 G MCB MCB Supply Inverter control panel Froment Sigma/USB interface PC Aux in ~ 360 Ah Li-Ion From GRID TO GO : Operation and Maintenance Manual

32 EV integration project Integration testing of induction charger Sensitivity study for penetration scenarios

33 Smart Frequency Control Project 9m+ project led by National Grid Investigation of fast regional RoCoF-triggered response using PMUs loads, storage, generation Save 100M s in future PMUs and distributed controllers Testing at PNDC

34 PNDC SFC indicative test configuration PNDC MG set used to play pre-determined frequency responses or respond naturally to events (e.g. load changes) on PNDC network SFC components PMU(s) Central Controller Communications network with actual routers, devices and protocols (representative of typical NG arrangements) with controllable latency and jitter EFCC-equipped load(s) Other loads MI mock impedance to electrically emulate feeder lengths Other loads Other loads PNDC load banks and fault thrower can be used to initiate events to test EFCC responses

35 Protection of converter-dominated systems project NG System Operability Framework

36 VI(pu value) wave form measured at Grendon station(with 100% converter penetration level) Protection of converter-dominated systems project 100%: OK? Delay in response, waveform distortion? Response delay, current magnitude and ramp rate are all configurable

37 ROCOF from different algorithms: 110kV connection to steelworks

38 European EURAMET EMRP projects ENG63 GridSens (PNDC, State Estimation, Impedance and Network Topology determination) ENG52 SmartGrids II (PMUs and PMU metrological calibration infrastructure)

39 Conclusions Changing sectors are challenging power systems integration solutions, with implications for devices and systems Contributions to innovation and technology acceleration, including opportunities for collaboration and cofunding

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