ECET 211 Electric Machines & Control Lecture 1-1 Electrical Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution
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1 ECET 211 Electric Machines & Control Lecture 1-1 Electrical Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology P.E. States of Indiana & California Dept. of Computer, Electrical and Information Technology Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus Prof. Paul Lin Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution The Electrical Power System Electrical Power Generation (power plants): Generators Step-up Transmission Substation: Step-up Transformers Electrical Power Transmission Lines: Conductors, Insulation, Towers Step--down Transmission Substation (Transformers) Distribution Substations Industrial, Commercial, and Residential Customers Prof. Paul Lin 2 1
2 Electrical Power Generation Education Activities: The Anatomy of an Electric System, I&M Power Company, 23:51 minutes video, Electricity: The flow or motion of electron through a conductor Measured by voltage and current Current is the flow of electricity through wires Voltage Conductor: Copper & Aluminum Insulator Prof. Paul Lin 3 Electrical Power Generation ganpower-in&id=4524 Generation Generation Overview Utility Industry Overview Generation Plant Types Generation Fuel Types Power Generation Generation Dispatch Prof. Paul Lin 4 2
3 Electrical Power Generation Hydroelectric Power, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1:03 minutes video, Prof. Paul Lin 5 Electrical Power Generation Coal-Fire Power Plant, Tennessee Valley Authority, 0:28 minutes video, Prof. Paul Lin 6 3
4 Electrical Power Generation Electrical Power Generation, Tennessee Valley Authority Raccoon Mountain Pump-Storage, Pump-Storage Facility Diagram, Two reservoirs The stored water can be release to turn the turbine and generate electricity During periods of low demand for electricity (nights and weekends): Reversing the turbine and pumping water from the lower to the upper reservoir Prof. Paul Lin Electrical Power Generation Example 1 1. How much energy can be stored in a pump-storage facility if Two reservoirs are separated by 500 meter in altitude. Each reservoir: 2.0 km square and 20 meter deep Answer: Step 1. Find the total amount of water (kg) to be pumped Amount of water: deep x area = 20 m * 2000 m * 2000 m = 80 x 10 6 m 3 = 80 x 10 9 kg; (1 cc of water has a mass of 1.0g and 1.0 m3 of water has a mass of 100 kg) Step 2. Computer stored energy W = m*g*h (neglect all losses) W = 80x10 9 kg * 9.82 m/s 2 * 500 m = x Joules = Tera Joules Step 3. Convert energy w in Joule to kwh (kilo-watt-hour) 1 kwh = 3.6 Mega Joule = 3.6 x 10 6 Joule Energy W (kwh) = x / 3.6 x 10 6 = 109 kwh 1 T. L. Skvarenina and W. E. DeWitt, Electrical Power and Control, 2 nd Ed, Prentice Hall Prof. Paul Lin 8 L1 4
5 Slide 8 L1 Lin, 6/28/2015
6 Electrical Power: Delivery ganpower-in&id=4451 System Overview: voltage ranged from 69,000 volts to 765,000 volts (69 kv 765 kv) Transmission System Substations Distribution System Distribution Transformers Service Drop Service Entrance Prof. Paul Lin 9 Electrical Power: Delivery ganpower-in&id=4451 System Overview: voltage ranged from 69,000 volts to 765,000 volts (69 kv 765 kv) Transmission System: Transmission Voltages: 69 kv and 138 kv system Also 44 kv, 115 kv, 161 kv, 169 kv, and 230 kv systems Parts: Step-up Transformers, Switchyard, Towers, Wires, Insulators, and Circuits Prof. Paul Lin 10 5
7 Electrical Power: Delivery ganpower-in&id=4451 Substations: Transmission Substations Interconnection to Other Utilities Distribution Substations Parts Prof. Paul Lin 11 Electrical Power: Delivery ganpower-in&id=4451 Distribution System Distribution Transformers Service Drop Service Entrance Prof. Paul Lin 12 6
8 Electrical Power: Delivery ga npower-in&id=4451 Distribution System Distribution Voltages Primary line voltages: ranged from 2,300 to 39,000 volts Common primary voltages: 2.3, , 13.8, 25.0, 34.5 kv Common secondary voltages: 120, 208, 240, 277, and 480 volts Types of Distribution Systems Parts Prof. Paul Lin 13 Electrical Power: Delivery ga npower-in&id=4451 Distribution System Distribution Voltages Types of Distribution Systems Overhead/Underground Single Phase Distribution Lines Three Phase Distribution Lines Radial, Loop & Network Systems Parts Prof. Paul Lin 14 7
9 Electrical Power: Delivery ga npower-in&id=4451 Distribution System Distribution Voltages Types of Distribution Systems Radial, Loop & Network Systems Radial system Loop system Network system Prof. Paul Lin Electrical Power Generation ganpower-in&id=4567 Rates & Calculations Ohm s Law: V = I * R (volt = current x resistance) Watt s Law: Single phase power = V * I * power factor Three phase power = * V * I * power factor Voltage Drop Definition Calculating Energy Use & Cost Calculating Electric Bills Prof. Paul Lin 16 8
10 Electrical Power Generation ganpower-in&id=4567 Rates & Calculations Voltage Drop Definition I * Resistance of current carrying conductors 120 V Breaker Box: 117 volt = 120 volt 3 volt (10 ft wire) 120 V Breaker Box: 110 volt = 120 volt 10 volt (100 ft wire) Prof. Paul Lin Electrical Power Generation ganpower-in&id=4567 Rates & Calculations Calculating Energy Use & Cost Energy Used kwh (kilo-watt-hour) = Power x Time kwh = kw x Hours 8737 kwh Calculating Electric Bills Prof. Paul Lin 18 9
11 I&M Electric Bills - Samples May 2015: 635 KWH ($78.44); June 2015: 390 KWH ($51.11) I&M Charges May June Tariff 015 Residential Service $ Current Billing: Fuel per KWH: Depreciation credit: PJM Cost: Off-System Sales Margin Sharing Energy Efficiency Program Cost Environmental Compliance Cost Cook Nuclear Plant Life Cycle Cost Capacity Settlement Rider Federal Mandate Rider State Sales Tax Prof. Paul Lin 19 OSHA Reference: Illustrated Glossary Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution; Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), US Dept. of Labor, ted_glossary/substation.html Substations: Step-up Transmission Substation Step-down Transmission Substation Distribution Substation Underground Distribution Substation Substation Functions Substation Equipment Prof. Paul Lin 20 10
12 Summary & Conclusion Questions Prof. Paul Lin 21 11
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