Distribution System Modeling Challenges for the Smart Grid

Transcription

1 Distribution System Modeling Challenges for the Smart Grid Roger C. Dugan Sr. Technical Executive, EPRI Power Systems Studies Knoxville, TN Nov 12, 2013 Distribution Systems and Micro-Grid Developments 8 th Annual Pitt Electric Power Industry Conference

2 Distribution Planning Challenges for Grid of the Future The Grid of the Future will rely more on the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure Utility distribution planners use Distribution System Analysis (DSA) To design the Power Delivery infrastructure They do not include the ICT system No integrated tools exist for Distribution Planning with ICT Interest in Co-simulation of power delivery and ICT is rapidly growing An area ripe for research 2

3 Today s Power System Base Load Generation + Load Following Generation +/ Bulk Energy Storage = Customer Demand Interruptible Load DR 3

4 Tomorrow s Power System Power System that is Highly Flexible, Resilient and Connected and Optimizes Energy Resources 4

5 The Distribution System Vision Substation EV/PHEV Demand Response High Penetration PV Energy Storage Distributed Controls 5

6 Challenge Distributed Control Systems 6

7 Challenge Power Electronics Everywhere v an V HV_dc Transformer + Rectifier + DC filter DC/AC Inverter + AC filter S a1 S b1 S c1 L dc L ac i in + v in L f v ab + v ab S a2 S a3 a S b2 S b3 b C 1 n C 2 S c2 S c3 C dc C dc C ac C ac + v ac1 i ac1 v ac2 i ac2 + + v ac i ac S a4 S b4 S c4 L dc L ac 7

8 ENVO Edge of Network Voltage Optimization Challenge Distributed Voltage and Reactive Power Control From Varentec kVAr CVR: % energy reduction 8

9 Challenge Integrating the Customer Advanced Meters Energy Mgmt Security Apps Gateways Custom Box Smart Circuit Breaker Panel PC/Router DR-Ready Appliances Functional Specs Communications 9

10 Challenge - Communications Infrastructure 10

11 Exabytes per Year (1 Exabyte = 250 Million DVDs) The Era of Big Data Smart In-Home Devices Distribution Automation Workforce Management Substation Automation Transmission Sensors Building Energy Management AMI Deployment Distribution Management Challenge is Cyber Security Opportunity is Data Mining Source: EPRI and CMU 11

12 Can We Make it Work? 12

13 How Do We Know? 13

14 Dist Sys Analysis Needs Envisioned by EPRI (2007) Sequential time simulation Done Meshed network solution capability DONE Better modeling of Smart Grid controllers Advanced load and generation modeling High phase order modeling ( >3 phases) Stray voltage (NEV), crowded ROWs, etc. Integrated harmonics NEV requires 1 st and 3 rd User-defined (scriptable) behavior Dynamics for DG evaluations Distribution State Estimation (DSE) 14

15 Other Key Challenges Merging Planning and Real-Time Analysis Very Large System Models (1M buses) Large Volume of AMI Data AMI-based Decision Making Detailed LV/Secondary Modeling Including multiple feeders, transmission DG Integration and Protection Generator and Inverter Models for DSA Regulatory Time Pressures (Screening Tools) 15 15

16 A Large Gap in Distribution Planning Tools Co-Simulation of Power and ICT Networks Distribution System Analysts Assume ICT system works ICT Network Analysts Assume power distribution devices work Few tools (if any?) for utility distribution planners to determine whether or not the combined system will work! 16

17 What EPRI Has Done Dugan, Mullen, Godfrey, Rodine Hybrid Simulation of Power Distribution and Communications Networks, CIRED 2011, Paper 1169 Also, IEEE Comm Soc Paper, Oct 2010 Hypothetical simulation of using 84 Community Energy Storage (CES) modules to compensate for solar ramping with 1-s samples 17

18 Voltage Magnitude (per unit) Hybrid Simulation of Power Distribution and Communications Networks % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % Arrival vs time (S) mW 80mW 30mW 10mW Base Phase a Base Phase b Base Phase c Phase a Phase b Phase c With Control Without Control Time (seconds) 18

19 CIRED 2013 Panel Joint simulation of cyber infrastructure and power system for smart grid planning and operation studies Roger Dugan, Chair Mathias Ekstedt KTH (Cyber Risk Assessment) Craig Breaden Smarter Grid Solutions (UK) (Active Distribution Network Test Bed) Oliver Gehrke DTU (Co-simulation of power systems, controllers and control infrastructure) Fabrizio Pilo U. of Cagliari (Models and tools for ICT simulation in Active Distribution Networks) 19

20 U. Of Cagliari (Italy) Co-Simulation Environment 20

21 EPRI s Research on this Subject OpenDSS Open Source Distribution System Simulator Designed for research on distribution system analysis methods for DG and Smart Grid Heavily used now for Solar PV impacts simulations Available (for free) on Sourceforge.net See ICT Research Portfolio (Matt Wakefield mwakefield@epri.com) See also: Smart Grid Resource Center: 21

22 Other Resources and Contacts John McDonald Dist. EDF R&D IEEE ISGT Europe Committee on ICT Co-Simulation Panel at ISGT-Europe in Oct 2013 Kai Heussen DTU Dr. Heiko Englert Siemens Steffen Schütte OFFIS (DE) Thomas Strasse (Austria) And many more Interest in US is not yet as great But is accelerating rapidly Panel at IEEE ISGT

23 An Example of One Problem (Cloud Passing over Distribution Feeder Containing Solar PV Generation) (Movie Demo Time permitting) 23

24 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity We will see more changes in the next years than we have in the last 100 years 24