Road safety in China, India, and Brazil: Challenges and opportunities. Michael Sivak The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

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1 Road safety in China, India, and Brazil: Challenges and opportunities Michael Sivak The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

2 Sustainable Worldwide Transportation Bendix Bosch Continental FIA Foundation Ford GM Nissan Toyota

3 Sustainable Transportation That combination of available transportation options that optimizes the tradeoffs among the safety, environmental, economic, and social consequences

4 Guiding principle of safety research: Reduce total harm

5 Consequences of a crash Exposure Crash risk

6 Consequences of a crash Exposure Crash risk Adapted from Thulin and Nilsson (1994)

7 Consequences of a crash Exposure Modification Exposure Crash risk

8 Consequences of a crash Exposure Modification Exposure Crash risk Crash Avoidance

9 Consequences of a crash Crash Mitigation Exposure Modification Exposure Crash risk Crash Avoidance

10 Safety sustainability Traffic safety in the U.S.: Re-examining major opportunities Mechanisms involved in the recent large reductions in the U.S. road fatalities A road-safety upside of the current economic downturn The future of personal transportation the megacities of the world Road safety in China: Challenges and opportunities Road safety in India: Challenges and opportunities Road safety in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities

11 Common elements Lead authors from the respective countries (Wei Zhang, Dinesh Mohan, Eduardo Vasconcellos) Identification of the largest cubes of total harm Identification of effective countermeasures for each cubes that reduce the exposure, crash risk, or crash consequences

12 Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads

13 Promising interventions Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads E: exposure R: risk C: consequences

14 Example 1 Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads

15 Delayed activation of headlights Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads E: exposure R: risk C: consequences

16 Automatic headlights in the dark Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads E: exposure R: risk C: consequences

17 Example 2 Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads

18 Much lower seatbelt usage rates than drivers Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads E: exposure R: risk C: consequences

19 Education to increase passenger seatbelt use Large cubes / areas for intervention China India Brazil Pedestrians - Pedestrians and other non-motorists - Pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas Nighttime Motorcycles - Motorcycles and small cars Vehicle passengers Wrong-way drivers on divided highways Trucks and buses Two-lane roads E: exposure R: risk C: consequences

20 Conclusion Major safety improvements could be made worldwide by using targeted countermeasures based on scientific, system-wide understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the occurrence of large components of the overall problem in each country

21 Reports Road safety in China: Challenges and opportunities Road safety in India: Challenges and opportunities Road safety in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities Sponsoring consortium Sustainable Worldwide Transportation