Enhancing the U.S. Bulk Power System

Transcription

1 Enhancing the U.S. Bulk Power System Clark W. Gellings EPRI Fellow National Academies U.S.-China Power Systems Workshop May 30, 2013

2 Generation by Fuel Source in 2030 Coal 6% 7% Coal CCS Petroleum Natural Gas Gas CCS 6% 15% 28% 19% 50% Nuclear Hydro Renewables 28% 10% 17% 11% 1% 2% EIA TWh Prism TWh Prism 60% no- or low-carbon electricity by

3 Wind Energy & Population Density 3

4 Cost Increased Power Options and Tradeoffs Reconductor 20% 50 % FACTS Technologies 20% 50% Current Uprating 15% 20 % Voltage Upgrades 50% 100% AC to DC Conversion 50% 200% Lead Time 4

5 Comparison of General Right-of-Way Requirements for Various Transmission Types 5,000 MW Capacity 345 kv (Six single-circuit) Superconductor electricity pipeline 5,000 MW 345 kv (Three double-circuit) 500 kv (Two double-circuit) 500 kv (Four single-circuit) 6,000 MW Capacity 765 kv AC (Three single-circuit) 500 kv DC 800 kv DC Source: NREL, Renewable Electricity Futures Study Bulk Electric Power Systems: Operations and Transmission Planning,

6 Transmission Cost Comparison Comparison of Costs to Deliver 6,000 MW Over Various Distances and Voltages at 75% Utilization Source: NREL, Renewable Electricity Futures Study Bulk Electric Power Systems: Operations and Transmission Planning,

7 Power System Expansion 7

8 2030 New Transmission Lines WinDS Region Level Simplified Corridors >+ 100 MW New Transmission (by WinDS region) Existing Transmission Voltage Existing Transmission Data: POWERmap, powermap.platts.com 2007 Platts, A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies Total Miles of New Transmission ~12,650 20% Wind total between region transfers >= 100 MW (all power classes, onshore and offshore), visually simplified to minimal paths. Arrows originate and terminate at the centroid of the region for visualization purposes; they do not represent physical locations of transmission lines. Source: NREL Renewable Energy Futures Study 8

9 2010 PS36A Atlantic Wind Connection Project (see: What A sub-sea HVDC backbone transmission system Where Extending from northern New Jersey to southern Virginia. Who Google Marubeni Good Earth Elia Why Serve as an efficient collector of ac power from offshore wind farms Relieve transmission congestion on the eastern ac grid Improve regional system reliability. 9

10 FACTS Hardware Traditional Technologies Thyristor controlled reactors Thyristor switched reactors Thyristor switched capacitors Static Var Compensators (SVC) New Technologies Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) Interphase Power Flow Controller (IPFC) NanoMarkets Survey Global FACTS installations from U.S. $330M this year to $775 M in

11 Controller Interaction Community LEN Master Controller Bulk Power System Market Operator System Operator Distribution System Distribution Management System Campus LEN Master Controller Building LEN Master Controller 11

12 Advanced Power Electronics Addresses fundamental research required for advances in PE materials Silicon Widely available Low cost Silicon Carbide Super GTO Switch 2007 R&D 100 Award High operating temperature Lower switching losses Silicon Carbide + Gallium Nitride Higher Temperature Higher Voltage Optical switching New power electronics materials enable newer applications and benefits 12

13 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 13