DOWNLOAD PDF BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 : # 12 Volt Battery Jump Packs # Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and LM Here is another circuit controlled battery charger using an SCR and LM The AC signal is rectified using a SCR and a comparator is used to detect the battery charge voltage with respect to a reference voltage so as to control the switching of the SCR. Must charge with DC voltage only. And neat voltage level not should more than volts or 1. In my site we suggest many battery charger circuit. You will love it, because use simple circuit,cheap so easy to build. And This our working is simple stye only. When begin we learn basic principle of electronic parts, I like use Diode, Zener diode, which they are both valves for electrical currents. The Current will flow one way. But the zener diode is connected backwards. It then blocks current until the voltage exceeds a certain level. I try to test them with the zener diode volts the current will flow through it when voltage higher than 12V. Therefore I use Zener diode for detects voltage over than 13V to control stop charger system. Then, I use relay to control current to a battery. Because cheap and used easily. Next, I use a SCR for uses as quick control switch. As Figure 1 is perfect circuit diagram. This projects will always cut off battery when voltage drop across it is Then LED2 yellow glow brightly. While relay will pulls out from contact NC-C. Which no current to battery and voltage lower down. Then you can charge again with pressing SW2 to reset, recharge them again. Though This projects will easy technology but very useful for all. If you want to read more: You like my sites want to support me by buy this E-book. Automatic OFF 12V Battery Charger by power SCR This stop current give battery, when Voltage of battery tall arrive at the level that load with full speed already ahead for protect something charger too much poor distilled dry water. This circuit can is usable very wide can use with battery many model. By choose diode and SCR at can durable the trend loads topmost follow to want. Fining decorates while initial lead battery at charger until with full speed ahead already come to build reach at a pole for charger. Auto dry battery charger using SCR This projects is automatic dry battery charger that can use for many size such as 6V, 9V and 12V Depending on the changes, some devices only. How this circuit works As circuit below. The LED1 is power indicator of the circuit. Ideally SCR1 will conduct current and stop current alternately very fast with frequency of Hz. The feature of current will be continuous positive half sine wave. Which will differ with the voltage from capacitor filter that is smooth as a straight line. So will see that SCR1 do not conduct current all time. When have positive voltage to bias at lead G. Since waveform of voltage Not smooth enough in a straight line. Theoretical of SCR, it will stop conducting current when disconnect the power supply output. Which in this circuit is do not have positive side of the power supply range. And when have positive voltage waveform new SCR1, it starts to currents again, this was reversed with a frequency Hz. Battery level monitoring This circuit will get voltage from the battery positive through R2 to reduce current, and have C1 to filter current to smoothly. A adjust level of VR1 will must make in full battery, adjust VR1 until voltage at negative of ZD1 have level more than 6. And the same time SCR1 will stop conducting current. In the case of battery is lower voltage, cause voltage at negative of ZD1 have lower than 6. Page 1

2 Chapter 2 : # New Battery Car Shaking # A simple battery charger based on SCR is shown blog.quintoapp.com the SCR rectifies the AC mains voltage to charge the blog.quintoapp.com the battery connected to the charger gets discharged the battery voltage gets blog.quintoapp.com inhibits the forward biasing voltage from reaching the base of the transistor Q1. This is how to modify old Lead-acid battery charger or convert power supply to automatic battery charger form. To protect battery over charging. We use simple circuit with comparator circuit by CA regulator and power SCR cut off current controller. The working principle As Figure 1 is circuit diagram of this project. The charging and stop charging of this circuit will check voltage drop across the battery. If voltage across less than The circuit will begin charging, but voltage across rises to The circuit will stop automatically. When battery is fully charged. The circuit will stop since voltage across the battery too high. The voltage comparator circuit internal IC1 will acts to stop the Q1. The adjustment voltage regular of IC1 will get voltage through the diode-d1 which is applied current about 10 ma. Then the reference voltage divider circuit inside IC1 will get to dividing the voltage down to 2. Which this reference voltage will be compared with the battery voltage that is adjusted from VR1. It would have current to recharging the battery. Which this Q1 also acts as control Amount of charging current. When voltage at the battery higher up will cause voltage across the SCR Q1 between cathode and anode lead no different. That meant have voltage is zero volts. Making Q1 stop conducting current is stop charging and will start recharging, when Q1 conduct current again because the battery voltage lower than The voltage detection of battery and the recharging will detected voltage across Q1 or the differences of voltage at cathode and anode lead and adjusted charging level at You can assemble them on universal board. To begin with apply the battery you need charging in circuit, secondly, apply voltage of Then use voltmeter to measure voltage across battery. To check voltage if it is lower than It is shown that ready the circuit start charging to the battery. The voltage across battery have voltage rise up to That is stop charging and automatically working between charging and discharging, now ready to using. This circuit can apply charging current to 1 A and maximum 5 A. The parts you need. Page 2

3 Chapter 3 : # Best Car Jumper Battery Pack # A good battery charger tapers off when the battery voltage is above about 14V. For this to function, D6 is a V shunt zener regulator that puts out V relative to the positive rail. It is biased via R8. We also acknowledge with thanks Prof. Deshmukh, Head of the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering for the support and facilities in the labs. We thank our beloved Principal Dr. Varsha J Shah, for her continued support and encouragement and motivating us. We record our thanks to our friends in our class for interaction and help during the course of the Mini Project. Munshi Deebasultana Bhunia Susmita Dave Priya More Smita [Type text] Page 1 7 ABSTRACT A circuit for battery charging includes an SCR that is periodically gated on for a duration corresponding to the state of charge of the battery, being gated on for a duration corresponding to the state of charge on the battery being the gated for only a short interval when the battery is essentially fully charged to keep it charged. The conduction angle is determined from the open circuited battery potential and the previous charging history of the battery obtained from potential sensing circuits. Circuitry prevents the uni-polar junction transistor in the latter circuit from remaining latched on. A potential circuit for determining the rate of charge includes a resistor connected to the output terminal that is bypassed when the average value of the signal connected on the collector of the transistor having the base connected to the output terminal having a predetermined value. So if you want to charge your battery with AC source then should follow these steps, we need first limit the large AC voltage, need to filter the AC voltage to remove the noise, regulate and get the constant voltage and then give the resulting voltage to the battery for charging. Once charging is completed the circuit should automatically turned off. The stability of the circuit is high. There is gradual decreasing of current according to the load of battery. The design is tough and durable. It shows a very low variation of output voltage versus input voltage. There is full charge time optimisation along with full automatic operation. Although very economic these chargers have very important features including quality of dc output signal, full rate power and quick adjustment. The control circuit protects your battery surcharge and limits the output current under short circuit conditions. The charge controller is a small prototype that is suitable to charge small battery. The maximum charging current of the charge controller is about 7 A. The SCR and rectifier diodes in conjunction with other components are used to charge the battery. The battery charging is controlled by the microcontroller circuit. The LCD module displays the status of the battery while it is charging. At the same time the voltage level of the battery is also displayed. The experimental results for charge controller are also mentioned. Wind energy is one of the most economical forms of alternative energy available today. It can save the environment and make it cleaner for generations to come. This thesis is intended to emerge the charge controller for wind energy source. A charge controller is an essential part for nearly all power systems that charge battery, whether the power source is solar, wind, hydro, fuel, or utility grid. The charge controller can control the voltage and regulates the charging of the batteries. Its purpose is to keep the batteries properly fed and safe for the long term. The basic functions of a controller are quite simple. Charge controllers block the reverse current and prevent battery overcharge. Some charge controllers also prevent battery over discharge and protect from electrical overload. The controllers also display the status of the battery. The main components of the wind energy system are the wind turbine, the mechanical drive train, the generator, the power grid, and the controller. The wind turbine converts the kineticenergy of the wind into mechanical energy. The generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. It ensures that the whole system works as expected. The controller consists of two parts. The first part is the master controller. The second part is the generator controller. During the power optimization stage, the master controller adjusts the system rotation speed to keep the optimal tip speed ratio. The speed regulation works by controlling the power of the generator. During the wind power limitation range, the master controller regulates the pitch angle to limit the wind power utilization. The generator controller is in charge of accurately controlling the active power of the system. The generator controller adopts the stator flux oriented vector control strategy. This thesis intends to propose and construct the charge controller portion of wind power system. The block diagram of the wind power system is Page 3

4 shown in fig3. Block diagram of wind power system 3. The charge controller is built around semiconductor switches silicon controlled rectifier-scr rather the electromechanical switches relays. The microcontroller is used to control the overcharging of the battery, to display the battery voltage continuously and to make audible alarm when the battery is fully charged. Firstly the battery is charged using high current through the SCR. When the battery almost reaches its full terminal voltage full charge high current charging is cut off and slow charging trickle charging is still done. At full charge condition the charging is totally cut out by the control of the microcontroller. The current coming from the wind turbine through the converter circuit is diverting to another load e. By this means the overcharging of the battery is prevented. The constructed charge controller can charge the 12 V battery with up to 6 A of current. The amount of charging current can be increased by changing some components in the charge controller without any difficulty. The charge controller circuit will charge the 12 V battery until the battery gets its full terminal voltage. The charge controller changes from normal charging mode into the tickle charging mode when the full terminal voltage full charge of the battery is reached. In the tickle charging mode the battery is slowly charged. The charging of the battery is totally cut off by the control of microcontroller at the end. The battery full charge audible alarm is also activated when the battery is fully charged. Therefore the damage of the battery from the overcharging can be avoided. The components used in the circuit can withstand up to 6 A of charging current. By changing some components used in the [Type text] Page 8 circuit, the charge controller circuit can be modified to charge the battery up to A of charging current. Now it is the time to articulate the research work with ideas gathered in above steps by adopting any of below suitable approaches. At any time the voltage difference between the anode and the cathode of SCR1 is the instantaneous value of half sine wave and the voltage of the battery. When the battery voltage is low the voltage difference between the anode and cathode of SCR1 is high. On the other hand, the voltage difference between the anode and cathode of SCR1 will be low if the battery voltage is high. Therefore the battery voltage becomes when the battery is charged. In this condition, the voltage difference between the anode and cathode of SCR1tends to be low. This fact is the main idea of this charge controller circuit. The SCR controlled battery charger circuit is shown in Fig3. SCR has three pins anode, cathode and gate as shown in the below figure. It is made up of there PN junction diodes also; it is solid state equivalent of gas filled triode and has around four semi conductor layers. The SCR can be triggered only at the gate through the current. SCR will combine the features of rectifier and transistor. They are mainly used in switching applications. They can also be triggered with the break over voltage if the forward voltage is more than the break down voltage of the component. They are mainly used in the high voltage and high power for controlling purpose. They are also used in the light dimming, voltage regulators, motor control etc. Even if we remove the gate voltage also it will be in conduction. The only way to make the SCR to turn off is to make the voltage to zero or make the current less than the handling current between the anode and cathode. And second way is to supplying the voltage to operate the SCR with less than break over voltage and applying the small amount of about 1. In Forward bias the anode will be at positive terminal and cathode will be at negative terminal. The supply voltage will increased from initial value zero when it reached to A as shown in the graph below and start conduction from this point also it there will be the voltage drop due to the load resistance and fall down to point B. This current triggers the gate and switch on SCR and decreases the resistance and start conduction and goes to point C. In Reverse bias that is cathode will be at positive terminal and anode will be at negative terminal at this point there will be very small leakage current at anode. We know that to turn on the SCR we need to increase the supply voltage equal to break over voltage or by giving the small voltage to the gate for triggering, by this we can turn on the SCR; we can turn off the SCR by decreasing the current to less than holding current, or we have another method called force communication in this we discharge a capacitor in parallel with SCR to make it turn off; by this we can use SCR as typical SWITCH. SCR can be used in half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier, inverter circuits, power control circuits, static contactor, over light detector, speed control circuit, crowbar circuit, automobile ignition circuits, etc [Type text] Page A step down transformer: It is designed to reduce the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding. As a step-down unit, the transformer converts high-voltage, low-current power into low- voltage, high-current power. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, Page 4

5 switches, or in oscillators. Bipolar transistors are so named because their operation involves both electrons and holes. These two kinds of charge carriers are characteristic of the two kinds of doped semiconductor material; electrons are majority charge carriers in n-type semiconductors, whereas holes are majority charge carriers in p-type semiconductors. Page 5

6 Chapter 4 : What are applications of automatic battery charger using scr Block Diagram of Battery Charger Using SCR: The AC source is given to the step down transformer which converts the large AC source into limited AC source, filter the AC voltage and remove the noise and then give that voltage to the SCR where it will rectify the AC and give the. SCR Applications jojo September 15, 33 Comments The ability of an SCR to control large currents to a load by means of small gate current makes the device very useful in switching and control applications. Here we will consider six applications of SCR like power control, switching, zero-voltage switching, over-voltage protection, pulse circuits and battery charging regulator. SCR Power Control Circuit Because of the bistable characteristics of semiconductor devices, whereby they can be switched on and off, and the efficiency of gate control to trigger such devices, the SCRs are ideally suited for many industrial applications. SCRs have got specific advantages over saturable core reactors and gas tubes owing to their compactness, reliability, low losses, and speedy turn-on and turn-off. The bistable states conducting and non-conducting of the SCR and the property that enables fast transition from one state to the other are made use of in the control of power in both ac and dc circuits. This is known as phase control. A simple half-wave circuit is shown in figure a. The load current, load voltage and supply voltage waveforms are shown in figure b. The SCR will turn-off by natural commutation when the current becomes zero. The power consumed by the load decreases with the increase in firing angle a. The reactive power input from the supply increases with the increase in firing angle. The load current wave-form can be improved by connecting a free-wheeling diode D1, as shown by the dotted line in fig-a. With this diode, SCR will be turned-off as soon as the input voltage polarity reverses. After that, the load current will free wheel through the diode and a reverse voltage will appear across the SCR. The main advantage of phase control is that the load current passes through a natural zero point during every half cycle. So, the device turns-off by itself at the end of every conducting period and no other commutating circuit is required. Another important application of SCRs is in inverters, used for converting dc into ac. The input frequency is related to the triggering frequency of SCRs in the inverters. Thus, variable frequency supply can be easily obtained and used for speed control of ac motors, induction heating, electrolytic cleaning, fluorescent lighting and several other applications. Potentiometer R controls the angle of conduction of the two SCRs. The greater the resistance of the pot, lesser will be the voltage across capacitors C1 and C2 and hence smaller will be the time duration of conduction of SCR1 and SCR2 during a cycle. When the capacitor gets fully charged, charge on the capacitor depending upon the value of R it discharges through Zener diode Z. This gives a pulse to the primary and thereby secondary of the transformer T2. During negative half cycle similar action takes place due to charging of capacitor C1 and SCR1 is triggered. Thus power to a load is controlled by using SCRs. The input voltage is alternating and the trigger pulses are applied to the gates of SCRs through the control switch S. Resistance R is provided in the gate circuit to limit the gate current while resistors R1 and R2 are to protect the diodes D1 and D2 respectively. For starting the circuit, when switch S is closed, SCR1 will fire at the beginning of the positive half-cycle the gate trigger current is assumed to be very small because during positive half cycle SCR1 is forward biased. It will turn-off when the current goes through the zero value. As soon as SCR1 is turned-off, SCR2 will fire since the voltage polarity is already reversed and it gets the proper gate current. The circuit can be broken by opening the switch S. Opening of gate circuit poses no problem, as current through this switch is small. As no further gate signal will be applied to the SCRs when switch S is open, the SCRs will not be triggered and the load current will be zero. The maximum time delay for breaking the circuit is one half-cycle. The above circuit is also called the static contactor because it does not have any moving part. The circuit is broken by turning-off SCR1. This discharge current is in opposite direction to that flowing through SCR1 and when the two become equal SCR2 turns-off. Now capacitor C gets charged through the load and when the capacitor C gets fully charged, the SCR2 tums-off. Thus the circuit acts as a dc circuit breaker. The resistor R is taken of such a value that current through R is lower than that of holding current. Only half-wave control is used here. Similarly, when switch S is closed, SCR1 will stop conducting at the end of the present or previous positive half-cycle and will not get triggered again. Over Page 6

7 Voltage Circuit Protection SCRs can be employed for protecting other equipment from over-voltages owing to their fast switching action. The SCR employed for protection is connected in parallel with the load. Two SCRs are usedâ one for the positive half-cycle and the other for negative half-cycle, as shown in figure. Resistor R1 limits the short-circuit current when the SCRs are fired. The output circuit is designed to have discharge current of less than a milli-second duration. The capacitor will again get charged in the following positive half-cycle and the SCR will be triggered again in the negative half-cycle. Thus the frequency of the output pulse will be equal to the frequency of the input supply. For limiting the charging current resistor R is used. Battery Charging Regulator The basic components of the circuits are shown in figure. When the full-wave rectified input is large enough to give the required turn-on gate current controlled by resistor R1, SCR1 will turn on and the charging of the battery will commence. The capacitor C is included in the circuit to prevent any voltage transients in the circuit from accidentally turning on of the SCR2. As charging continues, the battery voltage increases to a point when VR is large enough to both turn on the When this occurs, the battery is fully charged and the open-circuit state of SCR1 will cut off the charging current. Thus the regulator charges the battery whenever the voltage drops and prevents overcharging when fully charged. There are many more applications of SCRs such as in soft start circuits, logic and digital circuits, but it is not possible to discuss all these here. Page 7

8 Chapter 5 : Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR susmita bhunia - blog.quintoapp.com Battery Charger Using Scr Battery Doctor Pc Download Battery Doctor Pc Download Golf Cart Battery In Abilene Tx Car Batteries For Sale Near Generic battery brands become a lot cheaper than popular makers. What is a car battery charger and how useful can it be? Cars, lawn equipment and motorized toys have batteries and may need occasional charging. Outdâ oor toys and lawn equipment especially need it due to infrequent use. Since some equipment does not have an on board generator it is up to the user to recharge to continue use. Not everyone knows how easy it is to have their own portable car battery charger. They are actually rather simple to operate and have. You can get one that is basically an on or off operation or a complicated as monitoring and self adjusting charging voltages. Here are five reasons why it is easy for anyone with a car, truck, or outdoor vehicle to own one: The newer units can pretty much be used anywhere you can find an electrical outlet. They can be small and compact You can find them light and small enough to fit in toolboxes and glove boxes. Thanks to newer technologies electrical components can be smaller and lighter. Some chargers are as light as a couple of pounds. As long as you have a power source available, usually an ac outlet, you can be charging in minutes. Cheap enough to own With the same technologies that made these marvels lighter and smaller also means they are cheaper to produce. This has meant manufacturers producing more therefore lower prices. Add in to the mix resources such as Ebay and Amazon and bargains can be found. Extend the life of your battery and save Newer units such as tenders can keep the battery topped off without boiling out the electrolyte and therefore potentially destroying your battery. One person was able to keep the same battery for his hobby car for over ten years thanks to a specialized charger. How much could this save you over the course of several years? Keep your recreational toys on the ready Ever had a spur of the moment idea to take the motorcycles out on the first nice spring day? Having a charger can keep the battery up and ready to go when you are. Although you would need a charger more if you own motorcycles, RVs, or other outdoor toys that are used infrequently, even car owners should own one as a precaution. Add the fact that you could even possibly extend the life of your battery adds that much more value to your small investment. How do you use a battery charger? It depends on the charger. The one I have, all you do is hook up the red clamp to the red pole on the battery, the black clamp to the black pole, then plug the charger in to aâ n outlet. The charger has a gauge on it that tell you when the battery is fully charged. Some battery chargers have an auto-shut-off system to stop any more charge being put into the battery when it is full. The idea of this is that it should prevent the cells froâ m "gassing", which means "giving off an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen". That is why smoking cigarettes - or using anything else which makes flames, such as arc-welding - near to a battery whilst it is being charged is highly dangerous. Even so, it is still never safe to leave any kind of battery charger "on" after it has finished doing its job and the battery is fully charged. For more information see the answers to the Related Questions below. Can you use a plug adaptor with battery charger? On the otâ her hand, using a different input voltage to that which the battery charger was designed for, will make a considerable difference to the output voltage and current. What is the application of scr? An Silicon Controlled rectifier is most utilized in switching applications. Because a SCR stays on until a certain voltage between the coâ llector and emitter drops bellow a certain level, the SCR will stay on when triggered until the capacitor is empty. As long as both batteries are the same voltage, you can jump start with the battery. If you want to charge the battery then use a battery charger. Chapter 6 : SCR Applications - Electronic Circuits and Diagrams-Electronic Projects and Design Auto dry battery charger circuit using SCR. This projects is automatic dry battery charger that can use for many size such as 6V, 9V and 12V Depending on the changes. Chapter 7 : # Battery Charger Using Scr # Page 8

9 A circuit for battery charging includes an SCR that is periodically gated on for a duration corresponding to the state of charge of the battery, being gated on for a duration corresponding to the state of charge on the battery being the gated for. Chapter 8 : Automatic Battery Charger Circuit projects - blog.quintoapp.com A battery can be charged with just a small amount of AC voltage or DC voltage. This is a simple circuit that can charge a battery by using an SCR and a LM Chapter 9 : Auto dry battery charger circuit using SCR â Battery-Chargers An automatic battery charger circuit using SCR is implemented in this project. It can be used to charge 12V batteries. Batteries with different potentials like 6V and 9V can also be charged by choosing appropriate components. Page 9