Biodiesel Purification Systems

Transcription

1 Biodiesel Purification Systems

2 INDEX 3-5 Introduction The importance of biodiesel purification and fuel quality Biodiesel wash and purification systems (Overview) Why use Filtertechnik? 6-17 SECTION 2 Biodiesel Production and Purification overview Why biodiesel needs to be purified? The basic biodiesel production process The biodiesel reaction process Damage caused by un-purified biodiesel Understanding EN14214 and ASTM Specifications The Wet Wash process explained The Dry Wash process explained Biodiesel purification steps The advantages of dry washing over wet washing The advantages of MAGNESOL over Ion Exchange Resins Typical biodiesel production facility layout SECTION 3 Feedstock Filtration and Pre-treatment: (WVO and Virgin Oils) Pre-treatment process The need for effective filtration and pre-treatment Free Fatty Acid monitoring strips WVO/Virgin oil filtration systems Low cost filter housings Stainless Steel filter housings High volume systems Skid mounted units SECTION 4 Filtertechnik Dry Wash Process and Systems MAGNESOL Dry Wash Process MAGNESOL ratios by weight MAGNESOL D-SOL performance data Dry Wash systems (Standard versions) Dry Wash systems (High volume Duplex versions) MagVac discharge systems SECTION 5 Final Polish Processes and Systems Final polish process explained Data archiving and in-house traceability BD6000 Final polishing units The importance of final polishing Final polish systems (Standard versions) Final polish systems (High volume versions) 1

3 INDEX SECTION 6 Quality Control Biodiesel Testing How we can prove our purification systems work? Understanding visual samples Patch test kits Biodiesel test kits 47 SECTION 7 Homebrew Homebrew Biodiesel reaction systems WVO Filtration kit Homebrew MAGNESOL Wash Kits Homebrew Final Polish filter kits 54 SECTION 8 Biodiesel Training Open Days, Biodiesel Production and purification courses Biodiesel Purification Accessories Replacement elements MAGNESOL Flow Meters Sample bottles ph testing strips Homebrew accessories Pressure gauges Dessicant air breathers Free Fatty acid test strips Agitators 2

4 INTRODUCTION The importance of Biodiesel Purification and Fuel Quality Biodiesel has been produced for many years. In recent times it has become commercially viable for many producers and end-users alike, mostly due to spiralling fuel prices, government taxation and dwindling crude oil supplies. Numerous production facilities have sprung up to reap the benefits of producing environmentally friendly fuels. End-user confidence in biodiesel, however, remains low. Some producers, who do not embrace fuel quality wholeheartedly, have tarnished the reputation of biofuels in the market. Others, who put fuel quality at the heart of their production agenda, will reap benefits in the long run. Biodiesel production is a game of infinite variables: base feed-stocks, titrations, reaction efficiencies, viscosities and temperature all influence the process in different ways. Good upstream and in-house quality control procedures mark the difference between successful and unsuccessful producers. In fact, many successful producers will tell you that the reaction process is the easy part of biodiesel production, and that purification process can be a little more challenging. They too will be the first to announce that Quality is King! Biodiesel purification is a subject that is far to frequently overlooked by many producers. Filtertechik was one of the first companies to demonstrate the need for and the benefits of biodiesel purification, and we are happy to share our experiences with biodiesel producers of all levels. Our aim is to be your partner in biodiesel purification. Filtertechnik systems are designed and built to meet and exceed the biodiesel purification and filtration requirements of our customers. We are proud of our proven track record of providing quality purification products to the biodiesel industry for the past five years. The designs of our products are as a result of thousands of hours of field-testing, laboratory research and decades of experience. Our purification systems have revolutionised biodiesel purification processes, allowing producers to increase production volumes and fuel quality. Our products enable producers to have in-house traceability and total quality control. We are committed to on-going research and development in order to keep abreast of this ever changing market. We work closely with our producers to allow them to MAXIMISE THEIR INVESTMENT in the form of regular training, extensive field support and comprehensive technical assistance. 3

5 INTRODUCTION Biodiesel wash and filtration systems At Filtertechnik we offer: Waste Vegetable Oil filtration Rape Seed Oil filtration Water removal processes DRY washing with MAGNESOL Final polishing methods Flow measurement solutions On-line particle counting Moisture level sensors Filtertechnik can assist you in finding the most cost-effective filtration and clean-up solutions to ensure the highest quality of biodiesel production. Waste Vegetable Oil cleanup Pre-filtration of Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) and Rape Seed Oil (RSO) is the first step to achieving excellent quality biodiesel. Good filtration at this point will allow the production process to flow smoothly. Filtertechnik offer tailor-made solutions to ensure your biodiesel production gets off to a good start. See section 3 Dry Wash systems Our MAGNESOL wash units are designed to eliminate the production bottle-necks so common with water wash systems. High volume washing can now be done effectively in hours thereby significantly speeding up the washing process. Dry washing is proven to be quicker, easier and cheaper than other wash methods. See section 4 Final polish and water removal systems The importance of final filtration and moisture removal cannot be understated. Our systems are proven to remove harmful contaminants and water effectively. A particle counter fitted to the polishing rigs gives added security that the biodiesel you produce is clean and free of harmful particulates. See section 5 Quality control instrumentation Our extensive range of control instrumentation will put you in complete charge of your production. Flow meters are available to suit most applications. Particle counters will verify biodiesel cleanliness and give you peace of mind that your fuel is clean and dry. Each production batch can then be recorded and archived. See section 6 4

6 INTRODUCTION Why use Filtertechnik? Our purification systems are specially designed for the biodiesel market. WVO, wet and dry wash and final polish products are rated for continual use using dirt tolerant pumps, quality fittings and rugged designs. All our systems with pumps feature both pressure and thermal cut-outs. Priming of pumps is only required once to simplify ease of use. At Filtertechnik we offer excellent backup and field support on all our filtration products and systems. We can help with biodiesel production issues on a consultancy basis. Quality control and traceability of your finished biodiesel ensures you maximise your investment in Filtertechnik purification systems. WVO filtration Our WVO filtration offers excellent base oil and WVO cleanup ready for efficient production of quality biodiesel. Using the latest in filtration design, these rugged filters can handle large volume contaminant collection through disposable or re-cleanable filtration elements. Dry wash filtration Our Dry Wash MAGNESOL wash units are made of 316 stainless steel. They are solid, made-for-purpose filter units with a double safety seal to ensure there is no migration of potentially harmful contaminant particles and MAGNESOL downstream. This unique double seal system together with high quality consumables ensure your biodiesel meets or exceeds the filtration requirements of you and your customers. BD6000 Polishing Unit filtration The Filtertechnik by-pass filter has been used successfully for over 20 years. It is a highly efficient and costeffective method of removing particulate and water from biodiesel. Filtration efficiency Super Duty Filter Cartridges achieve ISO14/12/9 (NAS Class 5) Particulate removal: Up to 2000 g of dirt per cartridge Water removal: up to 800 ml of water per cartridge Our SDFC-W2 elements will give you guaranteed results of clean and dry biodiesel. 5

7 SECTION 2 Biodiesel Production and Purification overview Why biodiesel needs to be purified? The basic biodiesel production process The biodiesel reaction process Damage caused by un-purified biodiesel Understanding EN14214 and ASTM Specifications The Wet wash process explained The Dry wash process explained Biodiesel purification steps The advantages of Dry washing over Wet washing The advantages of MAGNESOL over Ion Exchange resins Typical biodiesel production facility layout Quality Traceability Control

8 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION & PURIFICATION OVERVIEW Why purify Biodiesel? Biodiesel consists of three principle ingredients. Oils or Fats: vegetable oil, animal fat etc Alcohol Catalyst The basic Reaction (Transesterification) Vegetable oil + methanol react to give biodiesel + glycerine A catalyst, temperature & agitation process drive the reaction Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, caustic soda or lye) is usually the catalyst. Potassium hydroxide(koh, caustic potash) can also be used Most of the reaction occurs in the first few mins. ~80% in 55 C(Ref Darnoko & Cheryan) The Basic Biodiesel Production Process: Optional Methanol recovery Methanol & Catalyst Catalyst Mixing Veg Oils Animal Fats UCO Transesterification Phase Separation Crude Glycerine Crude Methyl Ester Wash Final Polish EN/ASTM Standard Biodiesel The above schematic shows the individual biodiesel production phases of a typical production facility. Once the crude methyl ester has been produced following transesterification, glycerol separation and methanol removal phase, it cannot be classified as biodiesel until the purification phase is complete. The purification phases are: The wash process The final polish process Both these phases will be explained in detail in this brochure. Once the purification phase has been completed, it is then and ONLY then, that the industry standards of EN14214 and ASTM D-6751 are possible to achieve. 7

9 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION & PURIFICATION OVERVIEW Vegetable and/or animal fats & oils Methanol Methyl Ester - Biodiesel Glycerol Residual Methanol Caustic used as catalyst (Sodium or Potassiun Hydroxide) Soap Residual Caustic Production residues and soaps that need to be removed in the wash By neutralising the free fatty acids with a catalyst, the methanol is able to break down the linking bond in the triglycerides and the result is the formulation of methyl esters and glycerol. Once purified, methyl esters become biodiesel. The above schematic shows the basic chemistry involved in biodiesel production. Once the methyl ester has been formulated, the following production residues are still present: Residual Methanol Glycerol Soap and metals Residual catalyst: Sodium or Potassium Moisture Free Fatty Acids All of these can have a potentially harmful impact on engine performance and component wear. Methyl esters are not classified as biodiesel until the proper specifications are met. If you don t clean and dry biodiesel what can happen? Corrosion of fuel injectors (water, catalyst) Elastomeric seal failures (methanol) Fuel injector blockages (glycerine, soaps etc) Increased degradation of engine oil Pump seizures due to high viscosity at low temperatures Corrosion of fuel tanks (excess water, catalyst) Bacterial growths and clogging of fuel lines/filters 8

10 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW Problems caused to diesel engines by unpurified biodiesel Clogged fuel injectors Bacterial growth Damaged fuel pumps Seal failures Blocked fuel filters Oil degradation/leakages 9

11 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW Understanding EN14214 and ASTM specifications In recent times, the European Biodiesel standard EN14214 has been used to show the capabilities of biodiesel production equipment which is impossible to achieve with just a biodiesel reactor alone. So as to pass the 27 sub-tests, which make up EN14214, it is important to see biodiesel as having three main phases of production: Pre-filtration Reaction Purification Test Method Units Europe USA Specification EN ASTM D C EN ISO g/cm³ Viscosity 40 C EN ISO 3104 mm²/s Distillation C 90%,360 C Flash Point ISO 2719 C 120 min 130 min Sulphur BS EN ISO mg/kg 10 max 15 max Carbon Residue IP13 % mass 0.03 max Sulphated Ash EN ISO 3987 % mass 0.02 max 0.02 max Water EN ISO mg/kg 500 max 500 max Total Contamination EN12662 mg/kg 24 max * Copper Strip Corrosion EN ISO h/50 C 1 3 Oxidation Stability [110 C] EN14112 Hours 6 min Cetane Number EN ISO min 47 min Acid Value EN1404 mg KOH/g 0.5 max 0.8 max Methanol EN % mass 0.2 max Ester Content EN % mass 96.5 min Monoglyceride EN % mass 0.8 max Diglyceride EN % mass 0.2 max Triglyceride EN % mass 0.2 max Free Glycerol EN % mass 0.2 max 0.2 max Total Glycerol EN % mass 0.25 Max Iodine Value EN max Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester EN % mass 12 max Polyunsaturated Methyl Esters % mass 1 max Phosphorous EN mg/kg 10 max 10 max Alkalinity EN14108 mg/kg Group I Metals [Na, K] mg/kg 5 max Group II Metals [Ca, Mg] mg/kg 5 Max Cold Filter Plugging Point EN116 * Combined water and contamination test under ASTM D

12 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW Density Biodiesel has higher density than mineral diesel. The denser biodiesel will characteristically sink to the bottom of the tank and this can lower fuel consumption which is determined volumetrically; so the denser the fuel, the higher the consumption will be. Under laboratory conditions density is tested to EN ISO which is one of 27 separate tests which combine to meet EN Density can be easily measured at the time of manufacture, using a simple hydrometer method. Laboratory results and the EN14214 standards report density at 15 C so it is important that the result is corrected for temperature. Viscosity Viscosity of biodiesel is higher than mineral diesel which can lead to problems in fuel delivery systems. High viscosity can lead to poor combustion which leads to coking of injector tips and engine power loss. Viscosity decreases with unsaturation but increases with the presence of mono, di or triglycerides. Lower viscosity can also indicate the presence of methanol in the biodiesel, which can be confirmed by measuring flash point (the lower the flash point, the more methanol is present). The removal of glycerides by Filtertechnik systems means that purified biodiesel has increased flow capabilities which is beneficial during wintertime. Viscosity is subject to EN ISO 3104 which Filtertechnik purification systems can achieve. Viscosity can be checked on-site, using a falling ball viscometer. This test consists of a precision tube, filled with the sample biodiesel and then a ball is timed as it falls a set distance through the fuel. The time taken is converted to viscosity. See quality control section. Flash Point Flash point is the lowest measure by which a liquid will ignite in air. The flash point with biodiesel should be low enough for it to be classified as Non flammable and tested to ISO Purification with MAGNESOL is key to residual methanol removal to ensure safer working and storage conditions to biofuel producers and users alike. Flash point can also be checked on site, using a portable flash point tester. A sample is heated to a given temperature, in a special enclosure. The lid is then opened and a pilot light is used to ignite any flammable vapour present. The flash is automatically detected and provides a simple pass/fail to the EN14214 specification. Sulphur Content Sulphur emissions are harmful to human health and emissions make Sulphur Dioxide, which is indicative of acid rain. The sulphur content test BS EN ISO is difficult to pass using over used waste oils and without this part of the specification your product will not meet EN Carbon Residue The Carbon Residue is the material left over after combusting fuel. Residual carbon is responsible for coking fuel injectors so it is important to eliminate this. MAGNESOL removes residual soaps and metals which will lead to Carbon Residue. This is a PROVEN METHODOLOGY which will lead to your product passing IP 13. Cetane Number Cetane number is a measure of ignition quality. Fuels with low Cetane numbers show increased emissions due to incomplete combustion. Palm Oil and Tallow derived biodiesels have higher Cetane numbers. If you are using a feedstock which is not likely to pass EN ISO 5165 a Cetane boosting additive can be used. Sulphated Ash Similar to Carbon residue sulphated ash content is tested by taking a sample of biodiesel and combusting it and then weighing the residual non-combustible mineral ash under specifications to EN ISO Production residues can be removed using Filtertechnik purification systems. Water Content EN ISO specifies a maximum of 500 ppm (parts per million) of water in biodiesel. As FAME is hygroscopic it can pick up water in storage and because of this there can be problems meeting the specification. At around 1500 ppm the solubility limit is reached and the water becomes visible. Producers still using traditional wet wash systems may find this aspect of the EN Specification rather troublesome to 11

13 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW achieve. Free water promotes biological growth and adverse reaction to transesterification which undoes biodiesel back into free fatty acids, which is disastrous in a fuel delivery system. MAGNESOL s published performance data shows that a sample of FAME with 7000mg/kg of water in an initial sample was reduced to 50mg/kg which is 10% of the upper limits of EN ISO which requires 500mg/kg of water. Digi water tests are available, which use a sample of biodiesel and two chemical reagents. After shaking together in an electronic cell for two minutes, the result is displayed in ppm water. See quality control section. Total Contamination Because production contaminants like residues and soaps can still be present in the purification stage of making biodiesel, the use of Filtertechnik final polishing makes achieving total contamination to EN12662 the best way to ensure the total removal of production residues, which means clean fuel and peace of mind! Copper Strip Corrosion This is defined as the likelihood to cause corrosion to copper, zinc and bronze parts of an engine such as injector tips and common rail systems. Clean biodiesel gives consistently good results in this area and is unlikely to fail EN ISO 2160 due to the low sulphur content. Oxidation Stability This property relates to the overall storage stability of the fuel; the higher the degree of unsaturation (double bonds) within the FAME molecules gives a decrease in oxidative stability which means that the longer it is stored the greater the reduction in quality will be. Tests have shown that MAGNESOL can extend the product life of biodiesel via the removal of moisture, mono, di and triglycerides. Acid Value Acid value is a measure of mineral acids and free fatty acids contained in a fuel sample. The fewer residual compounds, the lower the acid value of the biodiesel. For biodiesel purified with Filtertechnik filtration systems, EN14104 is consistently achievable as is EN Acid number will also increase over time if the biodiesel is stored incorrectly. Acid value can be determined rapidly using a TAN (Total Acid Number) drop test. A sample of biodiesel is added to a red coloured chemical reagent and then another chemical is added until the colour changes to green. The number of drops taken is easily converted to the Acid Number of the fuel. See quality control section. Iodine Value Higher Iodine values will have better cold properties whereas lower Iodine values have poorer Oxidative stability therefore affecting storage stability over time. Iodine value is determined by testing to EN Filtertechnik systems remove production residues to which iodine is reactive. This is a test which is determined by upstream processes, so due diligence throughout production is key to getting good results. Ester Content This test decides whether biodiesel is subject to the 20ppl rebate on road duties (current UK legislation). To pass EN14103 there must be a minimum ester transformation of 96.5% FFA s into Methyl Esters. This test is determined by good practice in upstream processes and ensuring a good reaction driven by heat and effective agitation. If there is not a sufficient reaction then the levels of residuals of mono, di and triglycerides will be also out of specification suggests as they will remain untransformed and this will lead to missing EN14103 and EN14105 also. Good transformation and approved downstream purification are fundamental drivers to passing the EN specifications. Methanol Content A high Methanol content means a lower flashpoint and dangerous storage instabilities. MAGNESOL is the only product that has published performance data for residual methanol recovery and that ensures conformity to EN14110 which will lead to passing EN

14 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW Glycerides It is vitally important that a good transesterification reaction is achieved, as by achieving a transformation of more than 96.5% limits the amount of residual mono, di and triglycerides as per EN Failing to meet the specification implies low conversion to ester and deposit formation on injectors and valves. Group I Metals Sodium and Potassium are limited to a combined 5ppm. MAGNESOL s strong affinity with polar compounds enables the effective removal of residual traces of Sodium and Potassium which can lead to levels exceeding the 5mg/kg upper limit required by EN Group II Metals Production deposits like Calcium and Magnesium sulphates (not to be confused with Magnesium Silicate) produce soaps which are harmful to a fuel delivery system and will fail the test IP377. Filtertechnik products can guarantee the total removal of MAGNESOL and other contaminants as per the Dallas Groups published performance data. Phosphorous Content This is to test for left over phosphor used in feedstock production and refining. Removal of production residues and chemicals to pass EN14107 and also across the specification of standards which combine to meet EN CFPP Under BS EN 116 the test for Cold Filter Plugging Point requires biodiesel to pass through a filter until it can no longer do so. On average Rape Seed Oil has a CFPP of -5 C to -14 C whereas Palm Oil has a CFPP of around 10 C. This test shows that there is some sense in having shorter production chains in biodiesel manufacture as local crops are more suitable to local weather conditions for more of the year. Cloud point of biodiesel is also used as an indicator of cold temperature stability. The cloud point of the fuel is the temperature at which wax crystals first begin to form. Below this temperature, filters will start to become blocked and potentially starve the engine of fuel. Cloud point may be determined at the time of production using an electronic cloud point detector. A small sample (0.5ml) of biodiesel is added to the device and the test runs automatically and un-supervised. The cloud point is reported on screen as a temperature. Summary Due to the fact that EN14214 is made up of 27 different tests which cover several key parts of production and rely upon the acquisition of adequate quality feedstocks and good working processes the production of biodiesel cannot be accounted for by a single piece of equipment. Due to all the variables, that only you as the producer can control, that may influence your production process, Filtertechnik cannot guarantee results that will pass EN We can however highlight the processes and procedures to which producers should adhere. A simple suite of tests can be conducted at the time of manufacture to give confidence that the produced biodiesel will meet the EN14214 specification. The easily obtained results can also be used to trouble-shoot the manufacturing process, helping the purification system work to its optimum level and giving you confidence in its output. 13

15 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW The Wet Wash process explained 1 Pre-filtration stage In accordance with guidelines, prefilter waste vegetable oil using WVO filter and staged filtration 2 Heat oil to 120 F 3 Check titration level 4 Mix catalyst and methanol in separate container 5 Pour into processor and mix to react oil 6 Allow oil to separate 7 Remove glycerine from below unwashed biodiesel Unwashed biodiesel Glycerine Unwashed biodiesel Glycerine 8 Wash biodiesel 9 Allow water and biodiesel to separate 10 Remove water layer 11 Transfer to storage container Water Washed biodiesel Water Washed biodiesel 12 Final filtration stage Use the BD6000 to clean up any residual water and particulate to produce clean, bright biodiesel 13 Storage of clean and dry biodiesel before use 14 Fill fuel tank BD6000 can be left running continually to ensure the filters capture all residual contamination. Rated for continual use. Filtertechnik products for wet washing Filtertechnik provide WVO and final polish filtration for the water wash biodiesel process. Optional particle and water counters give you confidence that the fuel you produce is clean and dry. 14

16 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW The Dry Washing process explained 2 Biodiesel Reaction Process. Drain off excess glycerol after the reaction. Vent methanol properly*. Transfer unwashed biodiesel to a settling tank. Allow ± 8 hours for the remainder of the glycerol to drain off. 3 Add MAGNESOL in the correct ratio. Agitate the solution to ensure adequate wetting out of MAGNESOL particulate. 4 Run the MAGNESOL Wash. This will allow for a secondary, more intense reaction with MAGNESOL and the biodiesel. Once clarity is achieved and quality control test have been performed, transfer to Final Polishing Unit. 1 Heat, pre-filter and transfer to reactor. 6 Happy motoring! * In accordance to manufacturers guidelines 0.5 to 1% by weight as per guidelines 5 Transfer to final dispensing tank using the BD6000. Make sure this is water and airtight. Biodiesel purification steps These sample are taken at key points in the production and purification phases and clearly demonstrate the importance of effective purification throughout. 1) WVO: Settled and pre-filtered using Filtertechnik stage filtration processes 1 2 2) Crude Methyl ester following transesterification, glycerol 3 separation and methanol removal 4 5 3) After ± 8 hours of final settlement for glycerol separation 4) Dry washing using MAGNESOL. Sample taken from within the wash tank during the agitation 6 phase. Significant improvement in visual clarity, ph reduction. A large reduction in soap levels. MAGNESOL still clearly visable at the base of the sample bottle, as expected at this point 5) Sample taken downstream of the MAGNESOL wash unit showing excellent visual clarity, additional soap and production residue removal. Additional ph neutralisation at this point too 6) Following final polish using BD6000 filtration system. Final and effective solid contaminant, production residue and moisture removal at this point. Cleanliness in accordance with ISO 4406: 16/14/11 (NAS class 5) Sample above showed 6 mg/kg, significantly below and in accordance with EN14214 total contamination test EN12662 of less 24mg/kg. Filtertechik purification systems will achieve this level of cleanliness when used in accordance with operational guidelines. 15

17 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW The advantages of Dry Washing with MAGNESOL over Wet Washing Time A problem common to all producers of biodiesel is that the demand for the product is always greater than their ability to supply. With biodiesel now becoming increasingly attractive to end users due to the environmental and cost saving advantages, producers are looking at streamlining production to cope with spiralling demand. Biodiesel that is dry washed can be ready for use in a few hours and is significantly quicker to produce than wet wash fuel. As water is not used in a dry wash, producers can at last keep up with demand and eliminate production bottle-necks so common with wet washing. Cost In addition to the ever-increasing cost of water and the significant expense of water-removal machinery, disposal of effluent water is often the largest single cost during this stage of production. Environmental agencies are vigorously discouraging illegal disposal of effluent waste. Imminent closure and hefty fines have been known to be imposed on those found in breach of the law. Space Settling is the key to effective water removal. Numerous large wet wash tanks and additional water settling tanks are usually required for this. These tanks can occupy a large surface area. With Dry washing, space can be used more effectively and smaller, higher output production facilities are now a reality. Fuel Quality As water is not added in the dry wash, achieving <500ppm water content in accordance with the industry standard EN14214 is now possible. By wet washing water is used to remove the impurities from the fuel. Once the impurities have been removed the water content is usually >1000ppm, making it expensive, difficult and time consuming to remove effectively. Advantage of MAGNESOL over Ion Exchange Resins MAGNESOL works by adsorption process, i.e. it attracts polar compounds present and both physically and chemically binds them in the pores. There is no reaction taking place, but removal of unwanted compounds. By contrast, the way an ion exchange resin works, is to replace an ion in one form with another ion to "neutralize" the species. For example, soap molecules can be thought of as potassium or sodium oleate molecules. MAGNESOL would remove the entire compound during the filtration process. However, in the case of ion exchange, the potassium or sodium part of the soap would simply be replaced by the acidic ion exchange resin, probably hydrogen, to produce an acid (in this case, a free fatty acid). This can be measured by the acid value or FFA titration. Once the acid from the resin is spent, no more soap can be neutralised. This is why the resin is spent more quickly when the initial soap content is more than ppm. Resin manufactures claim that a single kilogram of resin can purify litres of biodiesel. Actual resin life expectancy has been reported to be much lower than the published data. Resins exhaustion can start as low as 100 litres per kilogram, vastly different from the manufacturers claims of 1600 litres. The great irony is that most of the aggressive marketing of the resins is undertaken by the smaller batch-style reactor manufacturers. As waste cooking oil (WVO) is the predominant feed stock for producers using batch systems, the results and cost implications have proved disadvantageous to producers. When WVO is used as a base feed stock, high soap levels are present which overwhelm resin capability. High methanol levels will hinder the resin efficiency and increase the resin exhaustion rate even more. Even more sophisticated processes with methanol recovery systems, using virgin oils, are experiencing difficulty achieving resin life. Typically these systems would achieve ± 780 litres per kilogram of resin, still significantly below the manufacturers stated claims. The result of this is a significant increase in the cost per litre of purification. 16

18 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION & PRODUCTION OVERVIEW Typical biodiesel production facility using Filtertechnik purification systems 1. Feedstock/WVO treatment See Section 3 2. Transesterification and separation Glycerol storage Glycerol setting tanks Reactor Methoxide mixer 3. Purification stage See Section 5 MAGNESOL wash tank Washing unit Filtertechilk specialize in Stage 1(Feedstock filtration) and Stage 3 (The purification process). Irrespective of whether you have acquired a processor from a third party or manufactured your own, we can assist you in achieving the best quality fuel at the lowest possible cost! Polisher tank Polisher unit Final storage tank The 3 key biodiesel production stages shown above 17

19 SECTION 3 Feedstock Filtration and Pre-treatment: (WVO and Virgin Oils) Pre-treatment process The need for effective filtration and pre-treatment Free Fatty Acid monitoring strips WVO/Virgin oil filtration systems Low cost filter housings Stainless Steel filter housings High volume systems Skid mounted units Quality Traceability Control

20 FEEDSTOCKS FILTRATION & PRE TREATMENT Vegtable oil filtration (WVO/RSO) Pre-treatment of WVO prior to the transesterification process is important. Free Fatty Acids (FFA), oil contaminants and moisture need to be effectively removed in order to ensure a clean, irreversible reaction. The schematic shows the importance of pre-treatment of base feed-stocks. Settling or alternative removal methods are required to ensure the base feed stock is suitable for use. The need for effective filtration & pre treatment Most biodiesel is made from waste vegetable oil (WVO) collected from catering and food production facilities,or from virgin feedstocks. The WVO often contains high levels of Free Fatty Acids, moisture as well as solids, other impurities and contaminants. The solids can be filtered out using correct filtration procedures. The water must be removed by heating the oil to above 212 F (100 C) for an extended period to drive the water from the oil. WVO typically contains from 2-5% free fatty acids. If the free fatty acids are above this amount, it is very difficult to produce biodiesel without an acid esterification process. The free fatty acid number is determined by a titration process. A full description of this process is available on request. A common problem with biodiesel producers is instead of a clear separation between the biodiesel and the glycerine after the reaction and settling process, they end up with a semi-solid, gelatinous mixture that cannot be purified and used as fuel. This is an indication that the oil contained excessive free fatty acids and/or water. Raw vegetable oils that are produced by pressing oilseeds such as rape (canola), mustard or soybeans can be converted to biodiesel. The free fatty acid level of these raw oils is usually 0.5% or less, which is low enough not to pose a problem. However, the oil may contain gum compounds that can create sludge deposits in the processing equipment and can make it difficult to separate the glycerine at the end of the reaction. 19

21 FEEDSTOCKS FILTRATION & PRE TREATMENT Free Fatty Acid Monitoring Strips Ensuring adequate quality base feed stock is the key to successful biodiesel production. By collecting or taking delivery of poor quality oil, there will be an element of shrinkage once the Free Fatty Acids (FFA) have been removed. Most biodiesel producers purchase WVO by weight, so if there is a high FFA level it is not in your best interests to take delivery. Any biodiesel above 5% FFA content may be difficult to process into biodiesel. These test strips will allow you gauge the FFA level of incoming feedstocks. Simply dip the test strip into your oil and submerge for 2 seconds. Remove the strip and count the number of bands without any blue colour. A band with blue patches is considered a blue band. > 7% FFA > 5.5% FFA > 3.5% FFA > 2% FFA Essential for monitoring incoming feedstocks Enable you to negotiate WVO prices accordingly 20

22 FEEDSTOCKS FILTRATION & PRE TREATMENT Waste Vegetable Oil/Virgin Oil Filtration Choose from our range of filter cartridges (reusable or disposable) and a range of filter housings to suit all budgets and production levels. Filtertechnik can supply individual components as well as the complete filtration systems. Skid mounted units are available in varying sizes. Rugged pump specifications allow for transfer of viscous liquids. Choose from a range of high performance filtration elements in different materials and pore sizes: low cost polyprop, nylon recleanable and mesh screen are available. Irrespective of your budget and production levels, Filtertechnik have a WVO filtration to suit your operation. Low Cost filter housings Ideal for economical WVO filtration. Rugged poly-prop housings are available with varying cartridge designs and element choice. Part code Description XV07BPNV XV07BCNV 20 Blue Polypropylene filter housing 3/4 BSP ported, 45 C max temp 20 Clear Polypropylene filter housing 3/4 BSP ported, 45 C max temp For filter element selection & spares please see section Stainless Steel filter housings High quality stainless steel housings are available with varying cartridge designs and element choice. Ideal for WVO transfer and filtration requirements. Wide range of replacement element micron ratings to choose from. Part code VN10B1CE 84012VAA20A2AVE1 Description 30 long stainless cartridge filter body 1 BSP ported, 80 C max temp 32 long stainless bag housing 2 BSP ported, 80 C max temp For filter element selection & spares please see section Staged filter rigs Rugged screw pump & series housings in mobile upright steel frame ideal for WVO transfer and filtration. Stage filtration from 400 to 1 micron elements. Part code SFC SFC SFC SFC Description Double staged filter rig 240 VAC 50 Hz Double staged filter rig 110 VAC 50 Hz Triple staged filter rig 240 VAC 50 Hz Triple staged filter rig 110 VAC 50 Hz For filter element selection & spares please see section 8 SFC High Volume staged filter rigs Irrespective of your volume requirements, Filtertechnik can design and build a system to complement your production process. Rugged screw pump & series housings in mobile flat bed steel frame ideal for WVO transfer and filtration. Stage filtration from 800 to 1 micron elements. Part code WVO-2L-240 WVO-2L-110 Description WVO filtration system, high performance filtration capacity 240 VAC 50 Hz WVO filtration system, high performance filtration capacity 110 VAC 50 Hz Larger units available on request. Air, 3 phase & 60Hz supplies also catered for. For filter element selection & spares please see section 8 WVO

23 SECTION 4 Filtertechnik Dry Wash Process and Systems MAGNESOL Dry Wash Process MAGNESOL ratios by weight MAGNESOL D-SOL performance data Dry Wash systems (Standard versions) Dry Wash systems (High volume Duplex versions) MagVac discharge systems Quality Traceability Control

24 DRY WASH PROCESS Dry Wash process Following effective glycerol and methanol removal, transfer the unwashed biodiesel from your glycerol settling tank to the wash tank. Introduce MAGNESOL and agitate for minutes (depending on agitation efficiency). For improved results, introduce heat to C. Agitation is important to ensure that all the MAGNESOL is effectively dispersed throughout the wash tank. This is a fundamental advantage of our system over competitors. There are no blind spots, full surface area coverage and maximum impurity removal at this stage. The moment MAGNESOL comes into contact with the biodiesel, it sets to work!!! Irrespective of your wash tank size, effective agitation will ensure that MAGNESOL s excellent affinity for production residues and soaps is maximized to the full. MAGNESOL in 23

25 DRY WASH PROCESS Dry Wash process After ± minutes of agitation (depending on agitation efficiency), re-circulate through the wash unit and back to the wash tank. These operating times are conservative and producers can reduce these to suit their production requirements by specifying an increased flow rate transfer pump and additional wash towers. Better upstream procedures will allow this time to be reduced even more. By re-circulating, the pressure in the wash towers is allowed to increase as the MAGNESOL extraction from the fuel takes place. As a filtrate of MAGNESOL forms within the wash cells, the purification process is significantly enhanced and intensified at this point. Re-circulation time is generally dependent on the starting quality of the unwashed fuel. This process is fast and efficient and does not significantly increase the purification time. Inlet Outlet Wash systems are available in varying sizes to suit most production quantities 24

26 DRY WASH PROCESS MAGNESOL D-SOL SAVES TIME Purify biodiesel in minutes, not hours with no messy emulsions. SAVES ENERGY No drying required. SAVES CAPITAL No expensive centrifuges, dryers, and no large settling tanks. DRY WASH D-SOL adsorbent technology requires no wash water and produces no waste water. Specifications Parameter Soap ASTM D6751 None EN None Free Glycerin, % max max Total Glycerin, % max max Flash Point, o C 130 min 120 min Metals I Na+K, mg/kg 5.0 max 5.0 max Metals II Mg+Ca, mg/kg 5.0 max 5.0 max Oxidation 110 o C, hours 3.0 min 6.0 min Water, mg/kg 500 max 500 max Sulfated Ash, mass % max max Methanol Content % None 0.2 max Rapseed Methyl Esters Initial Washed 0.5% D-SOL Sample & Dried D Soyabean Methyl Esters Yellow Grease Methyl Esters Initial Washed 0.5% D-SOL Initial Washed 0.5% D-SOL Sample & Dried D60 Sample & Dried D MAGNESOL Advantages: Specifically formulated for biodiesel purification Low usage ratio Proven international track history Excellent particle size consistency Unbeatable absorption capability for soaps and other production residues Low purification costs Improves plant productivity Lowers operational costs 25

27 MAGNESOL DRY WASH SYSTEMS (STANDARD VERSIONS) High capacity Purification Cells 1,2,4 or 8 stack configurations Air drive / Electric options continouously rated 600 l/hour (1 tower) 1,300 l/hour (2 tower) 3,000 l/hour (4 tower) 5,000 l/hour (8 tower) Pressure and thermal cutouts All hoses and lances included High capacity metal drip tray with lockable wheels & drain with tap Filtertechnik dry washing purification rigs Mode Flow rate Capacity Decription Voltage MWU-1L 600l/hr 4kg Single tower MAGNESOL purification rig AIR / 220 / 110VAC MWU-2L 1300l/hr 8kg Twin tower MAGNESOL purification rig AIR / 220 / 110VAC MWU-4L 3000l/hr 16kg Four tower MAGNESOL purification rig AIR / 220 / 110VAC MWU-8L 5000l/hr 32kg Eight tower MAGNESOL purification rig AIR / 220 / 110VAC Above systems use 1 micron high capacity purification cells Benefits of Filtertechnik Dry Wash: Low initial investment costs Low running costs Easy to integrate into existing plant Compact footprint User-friendly technology Excellent filtration efficiencies Significantly lower purification time Known ratio mix per batch ie. no wastage! Total surface area coverage of wash tank Improves overall fuel quality Solid effluent that has alternate uses Wash systems are available in varying sizes to suit most production quantities. 26

28 MAGNESOL DRY WASH SYSTEMS (STANDARD VERSIONS) Dry Wash solutions Single Tower MAGNESOL wash units (4kg capacity per changeout) Part code Description MWU-1L VAC* single cell 1100mm MWU-1L VAC* single cell 1100mm * export voltages available as well as air driven options Flow rates At 1 bar: 10 L/min At 2 bar: 7.3 L/min At 3.45 bar: 5.3 L/min Wash times after agitation 1hr 26min per 800 litres 1hr 50min per 800 litres 2hr 30min per 800 litres Suitable for washing in batches of 500 litres at a time at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing in batches of 1000 litres at a time at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Twin Tower MAGNESOL wash units (8kg capacity per changeout) Part code Description MWU-2L VAC* twin cell 1100mm MWU-2L VAC* twin cell 1100mm * export voltages available as well as air driven options Flow rates At 1 bar: 22 L/min At 2 bar: 15 L/min At 3.45 bar: 10 L/min Wash times after agitation 36min per 800 litres 41min per 800 litres 54min per 800 litres Suitable for washing in batches of 900 litres at a time at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing in batches of 1800 litres at a time at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Four Tower MAGNESOL wash unit (16kg capacity per changeout) Part code Description MWU VAC 50 Hz* MWU VAC 50 Hz* * export voltages available as well as air driven options Flow rates At 1 bar: 45 L/min. At 2 bar: 36.6 L/min At 3.45 bar: 31 L/min Wash times after agitation 18min per 800 litres 22min per 800 litres 31min per 800 litres Suitable for washing in batches of 1800 litres at a time at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing in batches of 3600 litres at a time at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio 27

29 MAGNESOL DRY WASH SYSTEMS (DUPLEX VERSIONS) Biodiesel purification systems bespoke continuous Duplex flow systems The MWU-XL range is designed for producers with higher volume production requirements. This is a continuous duplex system, whereby a set number of wash towers are active, while the other set of wash towers are discharged. Once the initial bank of wash towers is fully charged, the flow is diverted to activate the second bank of wash towers, thereby eliminating production downtime ensuring no interruption to production and significantly reducing purification times. These systems can be designed, sized and built to suit your production capability and facility layout. The wash tower reactivation process has been greatly simplified too. A vacuum system is used to remove the spent MAGNESOL from the inactive towers. For a tailor-made quotation on a dry wash system to suit your operation, please call us to discuss and to request more information. Main design features Capacity With each of the wash towers capable of removing 4-5kg of MAGNESOL, larger volumes can now be purified in a single wash. Banks of wash towers are configured in parallel to allow for continuous flow throughput. Speed Following the agitation (mixing) process, whereby MAGNESOL is introduced and thoroughly mixed into the raw methyl esters, the wash unit will require ± 20 minutes to remove excess MAGNESOL. Once visual clarity of the biodiesel is achieved, in-house quality control checks are then performed to ensure effective soap removal and ph reduction to neutral. Increased pump flow rates on request. Safety The structural integrity of the individual components is of the highest quality. Wherever possible, solid pipe work with high-pressure compression fittings are incorporated into the plumbing arrangement. Air-driven pump operation confirms to ATEX standards. Safety shut-off switches are fitted as standard. 28

30 MAGNESOL DRY WASH SYSTEMS (DUPLEX VERSIONS) Flow Rates: ,400 l/hr Larger on request Inlet Flow Inactive Wash Tower Bank Active Wash Tower Bank Continous outlet flow Final Capture Tower with pressure monitoring Change over indication Pressure indication will provide adequate time to redirect the flow path to the second bank of wash towers. If the flow path is not redirected for any reason, the system will simply switch itself off when the safety switch is automatically activated. Ease of use Reactivation of the wash cells within the wash towers is a simple process using the new vacuum system which empties the cells and discharges the spent MAGNESOL. Low running costs With the individual wash towers performing the bulk removal of MAGNESOL, cells can be discharged using vacuum suction quickly and effectively. This would then allow for extended re-use of the filtration cells, thereby ensuring running costs stay at an absolute minimum. Fuel quality MAGNESOL has an unrivalled ability to remove all soaps and production residues. In addition, MAGNESOL is the only dry wash purification method on the market that publish all performance data, which is why it is the international market leader in biodiesel purification. Filtertechnik systems enhance and intensify the purification dry wash purification process. MAGNESOL D-SOL is designed as a fuel purification system. Many competitor products are either adapted water purification systems or imitators with inferior absorbency, particle distribution and soap removal capability. 29

31 MAGNESOL DRY WASH SYSTEMS (DUPLEX VERSIONS) Model: MWU-8L Specification: 8 tower unit: 2 banks of 4 wash towers 16 kg of MAGNESOL removal capability per bank 32 kg Total removal capacity continuous flow path Pump: Flow rates 7,200l/hr-14,400l/hr (Air Driven-Atex) Filtration efficiency: 1 micron Connections: High pressure compression fittings Safety features: Pressure cut off switch / Atex pump Continuous flow PER BANK prior to bank switch over: Suitable for washing 1800 litres at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing 3600 litres at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio TOTAL CAPACITY: Suitable for washing 3600 litres at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing 7200 litres at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Model: MWU-16L Specification: 16 tower unit: 2 banks of 8 wash towers 32 kg of MAGNESOL removal capability per bank 64 kg Total removal capacity continuous flow path Pump: Flow rates 7,200l/hr-14,400l/hr (Air Driven-Atex) Filtration efficiency: 1 micron Connections: High pressure compression fittings Safety features: Pressure cut off switch / Atex pump Continuous flow PER BANK prior to bank switch over: Suitable for washing 3600 litres at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing 7200 litres at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio TOTAL CAPACITY: Suitable for washing 7200 litres at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing litres at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Model: MWU-20L Specification: 20 tower unit: 2 banks of 10 wash towers 40 kg of MAGNESOL removal capability per bank 80 kg Total removal capacity continuous flow path Pump: Flow rates 7,200l/hr-14,400l/hr (Air Driven-Atex) Filtration efficiency: 1 micron Connections: High pressure compression fittings Safety features: Pressure cut off switch / Atex pump Continuous flow PER BANK prior to bank switch over: Suitable for washing 4500 litres at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing 9000 litres at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio TOTAL CAPACITY: Suitable for washing 9000 litres at 1% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Suitable for washing litres at 0.5% by weight MAGNESOL ratio Additional systems Systems can be tailor made to suit your production facility. All wash systems occupy minimal floor space. 30

32 MAGNESOL DRY WASH SYSTEMS MagVac 1000 The MagVac 1000 Suck and Dump Industrial system facilitates simple and efficient discharge of spent MAGNESOL from the wash towers. Each unit features an integral discharge chute to empty the contents directly into a skip. They are available in mobile or static forms, with flat or coned bases and are specifically designed to allow for the transfer of solids/liquids. MAGNESOL discharge from the wash cells. Residual biodiesel is drained off and returned to wash tank to ensure zero wastage. Call us to discuss a suitable version for your operation. 31

33 SECTION 5 Final Polish rocesses and Systems Final Polish process explained Data archiving and in-house traceability BD6000 Final Polishing units The importance of final polishing Final Polish systems (Standard versions) Final Polish systems (High volume versions) Quality Traceability Control

34 FINAL POLISH PROCESS Final Polish & Water Removal Systems Final polishing is required to ensure that all traces of production residues and soaps are removed effectively. Irrespective of the wash method you employ, final polishing is the key to ensuring that your fuel is clean and dry! Typical fuel cleanliness achieved using Filtertechnik purification systems will be ± 6 mg/kg, significantly below and in accordance with EN14214 total contamination test EN12662 of less 24mg/kg, and lower than competitor purification methods. Filtertechik purification systems will achieve this level of cleanliness when used in accordance with operational guidelines. Polish tank Inlet Outlet Low initial investment costs Low running costs Easy to integrate into existing plant Compact footprint User-friendly technology Excellent filtration efficiencies Total traceability Allows producers to control product quality On board intelligence Real-time analysis of fuel cleanliness with accurate on-line particle counter Report printout of fuel cleanliness Batch data can be archived for quality control Field support and technical assistance Final polish systems are available in varying sizes to suit most production quantities 33

35 FINAL POLISH PROCESS For total traceability and in-house quality control, the BD6000 can be equipped with the PC9000 particle counter: Final polish tank Fibre optic cable 20 See section 6 for more details Communication dongle With a PC9000 particle counter fitted to the BD6000 final polishing unit, live cleanliness data can be viewed on your PC screen and archived in real-time. A sample flow is sent to the particle counter which in turn translates the overall level of contamination into an easily identifiable coding system. The data is transferred across to the PC by a fiber-optic cable. The particle counter can view objects as small as 4 micron, so any contaminants still present in your fuel will be detected. Data can be archived in Excel and printed off when required. 34

36 FINAL POLISH SYSTEMS BD6000 Polishing Units BD6000 portable Final Polishing Units can be fitted with optional on-line particle & water monitors. With a choice of 2, 4, 6 or 8 pots, these units have the capacity to meet your increased production volumes. Particle Counter real time on-line particle counting (optional but strongly advised for quality control purposes) Water Monitor % water in diesel (optional) High capacity filters clean down to 3 micron and dry biodiesel to <500 ppm water High capacity pre-filter Pump continuously rated 1,600L/hour (6 pot) 2,500L/hour (8 pot) Pressure and thermal cutouts High capacity metal drip tray with lockable wheels & drain with tap Filtertechnik Biodiesel polishing rigs Model Flow rate Dirt holding Water Particulate Water Voltage monitor capacity removal counter monitor BD L/hr 4kg yes(1.5litres) optional optional 220/110VAC BD L/hr 8kg yes(3.0litres) optional optional 220/110VAC BD (new) 1800L/hr 12kg yes(4.5litres) optional optional 220/110VAC BD (new) 3000L/hr 16kg yes(6litres) optional optional 220/110VAC BD PC (new) 1800L/hr 12kg yes(4.5litres) yes yes 220/110VAC BD PC (new) 3000L/hr 16kg yes(6litres) yes yes 220/110VAC Above systems use SDFC(W) elements for biodiesel cleanup (see over). Filter down to 3micon. The importance of final polishing Irrespective of the wash process you choose for your production facility, final polishing of biodiesel is essential to ensure that fuel, once washed, is free of solid contaminants, moisture, production and wash residues. As the final step in the production process, it gives the producer total peace of mind that the fuel produced is clean and dry. Final polishing is a fundamental part of the overall production process and one that is far too frequently overlooked. Final fuel quality and in-house quality control are key aspects in successful biodiesel production. Batch consistency and traceability is the main difference between successful and unsuccessful producers. Final polishing is the last production stage in order to achieve stringent industry quality standards. Irrespective of the wash method used, final polishing is required to remove microscopic contaminants invisible to the naked eye, that could result in serious engine damage. 35

37 FINAL POLISH SYSTEMS (STANDARD VERSIONS) Final polish / water removal options Final polish, water and particulate cleanup rig BD kg of particulate / 1.6L water capacity per changeout 600L/hour Part code BD BD Description 2 pot 240 VAC 50 Hz 2 pot 110 VAC 60 Hz * export voltages available as well as air driven options Final polish, water and particulate cleanup rig BD kg of particulate / 3.2L water capacity per changeout fitted with PC9000 particle counter as standard 1300L/hour Part code Description BD pot 240 VAC 50 Hz BD pot 110 VAC 60 Hz BD PC 4 pot 240 VAC, PC9000 fitted BD PC 4 pot 110 VAC, PC9000 fitted * export voltages available as well as air driven options PC9000 particle counter optional extra Final polish, water and particulate cleanup rig BD kg of particulate / 4.8L water capacity per changeout fitted with PC9000 particle counter as standard 1600L/hour Part code Description BD pot 240 VAC 50 Hz BD pot 110 VAC 60 Hz BD PC 6 pot 240 VAC, PC9000 fitted BD PC 6 pot 110 VAC, PC9000 fitted * export voltages available as well as air driven options PC9000 particle counter optional extra Final polish, water and particulate cleanup rig BD kg of particulate / 6.4L water capacity per changeout fitted with PC9000 particle counter as standard 3000L/hour Part code Description BD pot 240 VAC 50 Hz BD pot 110 VAC 60 Hz BD PC 8 pot 240 VAC, PC9000 fitted BD PC 8 pot 110 VAC, PC9000 fitted * export voltages available as well as air driven options PC9000 particle counter optional extra Larger units available on request 36

38 FINAL POLISH SYSTEMS (HIGH VOLUME) Larger volume systems BD7000 Series: SupaPleat 2 high surface area systems With flow rates of 7,200-14, 400 l/hr, these high performance final polishing systems are ideal for higher volume producers. The BD7000 series will simultaneously remove solid contamination and residual moisture. Essential for end of production quality control. All units can be fitted with on-line PC9000 particle counting systems for total peace of mind that your fuel is clean and dry! PC 9000 particle counter (optional but strongly advised for quality control purposes) High flow rates Maximum filtration efficiency 24kg dirt holding capacity High performance pre filtration system High performance moisture removal elements Can t find anything suitable? Let us design a system to suit your requirements 37

39 SECTION 6 QUALITY CONTROL: Biodiesel Testing How we can prove our purification systems work? Understanding visual samples Patch test kits Biodiesel test kits Quality Traceability Control

40 QUALITY CONTROL Biodiesel Testing We offer a testing service for only VAT. Our laboratory will test your biodiesel and make the results available online. Moisture Acid Value Methanol Content Free Glycerine Total Glycerine Cloud Point How can we prove that our purification systems work? MAGNESOL (Magnesium Silicate) is a revolutionary product in the biodiesel washing process. However, the powder is an abrasive and must be removed effectively from the biodiesel before use. In order to demonstrate the excellent results that can be achieved by using our wash and polishing systems, we have highlighted a few test procedures that will give all producers peace of mind that the quality of fuel produced using Filtertechnik equipment is clean and dry. a. Simple Water Test b. On-line Particle Counting c. ph Testing d. Patch Test Analysis a. Simple Water Test The line of sample bottles below shows the difference between freshly produced, 'dirty biodiesel still highly contaminated with production chemicals ie. soaps, production residues and NaOH (left) through to the washed and polished clean samples (right). By adding a small amount of water to a sample bottle containing biodiesel, the water will collect at the base of the bottle and the clarity of the water is a very good indicator of the level of impurities present. This in effect is a mini wet wash. If you cannot measure it, you cannot control it 39

41 QUALITY CONTROL How can we prove that our purification systems work? b. On-line Particle Counting In addition to the simple water test, the PC9000 particle counter is an essential tell-tale sign of fuel cleanliness. With on-line monitoring, you can view your fuel cleanliness levels in real time direct to your computer. The test shown below was taken live at a biodiesel producers facility. The coloured lines on the graph show the level of contamination at 4,6,14 and 21 micron counts. Bearing in mind that the human eye cannot see a particle smaller than 40 micron, this shows how laser particle counting can view and quantify particles microscopic in size. The basic logic with filtration is that if the smaller particles have been removed, the larger particles will certainly no longer be present. The Particle counter started recording contamination levels at the end of the agitation stage of the dry wash. The PC9000 particle counter records and displays fuel contamination levels in real time. Particle counts rapidly decrease when our wash systems are activated and continue to reduce through the final polish process. Final particle counts (in accordance with ISO 4406 cleanliness standard are now at a very impressive level of 18/17/15 cleanliness. 40

42 QUALITY CONTROL Cleanliness levels can be viewed in real time. Fuel cleanliness data can be saved to Excel and archived for total traceability and quality control. What do the particle counts mean and how can they be interpreted into fuel cleanliness? A sample flow is sent to the laser eye chamber, which is representative of overall fuel contamination levels Red: Contamination HIGH signifying unacceptable levels of SOAPS, MOISTURE, PRODUCTION RESIDUES AND SOLID CONTAMINANTS Amber: Contamination STILL TOO HIGH Green: Fuel cleanliness level ACCEPTABLE Code Particle count Code Particle count Code Particle count per ml per ml per ml It is interesting to note that by reducing the overall contamination levels by a single point eg.29 down to 28, the overall level of contamination is halved. For example, a reading of 29 shows an unacceptably high level of fuel impurity with a reading of 2, By reducing the contamination levels to 28, the impurity level reduces to This trend continues throughout the table. During the fuel purification process, these counts rapidly reduce until acceptable levels of fuel cleanliness are achieved. Readings of 20 or lower display a fuel cleanliness that is acceptable for use. The decimal point readings allow for greater accuracy of fluid cleanliness and allow producers to pinpoint fuel cleanliness levels, compare test results and to take complete control of production quality

43 QUALITY CONTROL c. ph testing Another benefit of the MAGNESOL dry wash is that the ph value reduces significantly during the wash and polish stages.unwashed biodiesel can have a ph count of due to the presence of caustic soda and methanol still present at this stage. Running a vehicle on fuel with a ph count this high will almost certainly result in serious damage to engine components. After the dry wash process, using Filtertechnik's wash systems, and following final polishing using the BD6000, the ph values had dropped to ± neutral 7 as a result of the impurities having been removed. End of Wash test Simple water test: By adding a small amount of water to a sample bottle containing biodiesel, the water will collect at the base of the bottle and the clarity of the water is a very good indicator of the level of impurities present. This in effect is a mini wet wash. The ph scale can tell if the fuel is more acid or more alkaline. The range of the ph scale is from 0 to 14 from very acidic to very alkaline. A ph of 7 is neutral. A ph less than 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic. Each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, a ph of 4 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 5 and a hundred times (10 X 10) more acidic than a ph of 6. This holds true for ph values above 7, each of which is ten times more alkaline than the next lower whole value. An example would be, a ph of 10 is ten times more alkaline than a ph of 9. ph indication is an excellent test for trending the reduction of contaminants. For more specific information see TAN (total acid number) section. Sample before wash: Unwashed biodiesel: ph at 8.5, settled water still highly contaminated biodiesel water ph 0 Sample after wash: ph at 7.8, major reduction in production residues and soaps Increasing Acidity Neutral Increasing Alkalinity Battery acid - Lemon juice - Vinegar - Acid rain - Normal range of precipitation ph - Milk MAGNESOL washed Biodiesel - Baking soda Unwashed Biodiesel - Sea water - Milk of Magnesia - Ammonia - Lye Sample after polish: ph reduction to 7.2, water test shows excellent purification biodiesel water 42

44 QUALITY CONTROL How can we prove that our purification systems work? d. Patch Test Analysis: This is an excellent test to demonstrate how effective our Wash and Polishing systems are at removing all traces of Magnesium Silicate and other contaminants. Three samples were pulled through a 1.2 micron patch under vacuum and viewed under a microscope with 400 x magnification. The dark black lines visible are the grid-lines on the slide which allow visual comparison to actual particle size. Sample 1: During the agitation stage from the wash tank. High levels of MAGNESOL present at this point as expected. Sample 2: Taken downstream of our Wash System. A significant reduction in MAGNESOL now showing minimal traces. Sample 3: After final polishing using the BD6000. Slides now showing excellent clarity. Typical fuel cleanliness achieved using Filtertechnik purification systems will be ± 6 mg/kg, significantly below and in accordance with EN14214 total contamination test EN12662 of less 24mg/kg, and lower than competitor purification methods. Filtertechik purification systems will achieve this level of cleanliness when used in accordance with operational guidelines. 43

45 QUALITY CONTROL Understanding Visual Samples MAGNESOL still present in the final product MAGNESOL deposits (Dark in appearance) The sample above shows MAGNESOL deposits still present in the final sample. MAGNESOL is the undisputed leader in biodiesel dry wash purification. MAGNESOL, however needs to be effectively removed. Specifying the correct filtration process and products are key to effective removal. MAGNESOL is widely used by producers who do not take adequate care to prevent downstream migration of particles. Note the dark bed that MAGNESOL forms on the base of the sample bottle. The reason it is dark is that it has absorbed production impurities from the fuel. Winter waxing/ Crystalisation Winter waxing/ Crystalisation The sample above shows biodiesel that is starting to wax/crystalise. This should not be confused with MAGNESOL deposits. As seen above, MAGNESOL will form a dark bed on the base of the sample bottle if still present. Winter waxing and crystalisation will appear as wispiness and may resemble cotton wool in appearance. The best way to verify what this is, is to introduce heat ie. heat up in the microwave for ± 20 seconds. If the cloudiness disappears then we know that it is winter gelling or crystalisation. Now reduce the temperature and watch the wispiness return. If your samples look like this you would need to consider a winter additive or pour point depressant to eliminate this. 44

46 QUALITY CONTROL Patch test kits The Filtertechnik portable patch test kit is an essential item to include in quality control for biodiesel production. Irrespective of the purification method employed, these kits will alert you to possible shortcomings in your production and purification processes. Biodiesel production is a game of infinite variables. So too is biodiesel purification. A small upstream problem, if undetected, could have disastrous consequences downstream. By analysing fluid samples at various stages of the production and purification process, producers can now understand the constituent composition of all contaminants still present in the fuel. Once the contaminants have been identified, it is then that the source of the contaminant can be found and remedied. Contaminants could include soap, remaining production residues and possibly purification media (if incorrect filtration processes have been used). The kit enables instant visual analysis through an optical microscope of the major types of fuel contaminants. How does it work? A sample of the test fuel is passed through a filter membrane via a vacuum pump, dried and mounted into a membrane holder ready for visual assessment. Comparison slides are available to readily identify fuel cleanliness levels and to differentiate between the different types of fuel contaminants. The kit includes the following Biocular Microscope Vacuum Pump Glassware including Filter Holder Pressurised Sure Shot Spray Gun Filter Membranes and Mounting slides Forceps and Clamps Plastic Beaker Solvent Petri Dishes Carry Case Full instruction manual Contaminant size reference charts Full Patch test kit - HTPT-KIT1 Microscopes with cameras are supplied with software that allows the user to size individual contaminants on screen. This aids the reporting function for items such as warranty claims, supplier disputes etc. We also offer a patch testing service. Send your components for inspection and debris/iso coding reference. Microscopes are available separately, with or without camera & sizing software 45

47 QUALITY CONTROL Biodiesel test kits Biodiesel Test kits bring essential quality checks to where they are most needed. Whether you are an end user or producer, results are provided in minutes, allowing the correct decisions to be taken at the right time. As an end user, the quality and batch to batch consistency of the biodiesel can be confirmed. Stored fuel can quickly and easily be checked for degradation, contamination and suitability for use. As a producer, consistent production quality can be achieved. Process optimisation and trouble-shooting can be quickly and effectively carried out on site in minutes. Base stocks can also be checked for suitability at point of delivery. Biodiesel producers The information obtained from the Biodiesel test kits allows manufacturers to: Save money by optimising the ratio of chemicals used Check the quality of the base stock at the time of delivery Refine and trouble-shoot the manufacturing process Ensure the quality and consistency of the end product End users The critical parameters determined by the Biodiesel test kits allow end users to safe-guard machinery by: Ensuring the quality of the biodiesel at the time of delivery Monitoring the consistency of the biodiesel from batch to batch Checking stored biodiesel for any deterioration over time Biodiesel Test Kit Specifications Test Parameter Equipment Included Range No. of Tests Water DIGI Water Cell ppm, ppm 50 Reagents & Consumables and 0-1-% Density Hydrometer kg/m Unlimited Hydrometer Jar Digital Thermometer C (1 C increment) Viscosity Falling Ball Viscometer C Unlimited Calibration standard TAN / Acid Content ECON TAN drop test 0-1.5, 0-3 & 0-6 TAN 25 Regents and Consumables Visual Test Sample bottle Qualitative Unlimited Sample beaker Field test kits: On the spot, rapid determination of biodiesel quality. Biodiesel Test Parameters: Density, Water, Viscosity, Total Acid Number (TAN), Visual test Density The density test is used to ensure the product is high quality, pure biodiesel. Post manufacture, density testing can be used to check yield and to optimise the process. Operating Range kg/m3 (EN14214 Specification: ) Ensure biodiesel meets specification Check yield and help optimise manufacturing variables 46

48 QUALITY CONTROL Biodiesel test kits Water Water in biodiesel can lead to microbiological growth as well as the production of acids. In manufacture, water in the base feedstock oil can reduce yields and increase process time. The EN14214 upper moisture limit is 500 ppm. If you are not achieving this standard on your final product you will need to address the following issues: a) Better pre-treatment of base feedstocks and increased settling times b) Increased filtration and polishing time c) Ensure adequate methanol removal d) Ensure adequate storage conditions for MAGNESOL. MAGNESOL is hygroscopic, hence the fact that it is so effective in the biodiesel purification process e) Analyse your process for moisture ingress and condensation traps f) Check biodiesel storage conditions (if appropriate) Two operating ranges: Range 1 Operating Range parts per million (ppm) (EN14214 Specification: 500ppm max), Ensures biodiesel meets specification Highlights drying and washing times Check stored fuel for moisture ingress/absorption Range 2 Operating range parts per million (ppm) Increases manufacturing yields by ensuring base feed stock is dry Allows for quality control of incoming base feed stocks Allows better understanding of drying/wash process during production Viscocity High viscocity biodiesel can lead to poor combustion and possible engine damage. It can also be an indication of contamination present from the manufacturing process C range Ensures biodiesel meets specification Indicates possible glycerine/glyceride or methanol contamination Helps optimise settling, purification and filtration processes during production TAN: Total Acid Number/Acid content As biodiesel is stored, it can acidify, reducing energy output and potentially leading to corrosion of storage vessels and fuel system components. Range 0-6 TAN ( Upper limit is 0.5 TAN) Ensures biodiesel meets specifications Check stored fuel for degradation simple key pad glass reinforced plastic body reduced weight Electronic display gives step by step test instructions latest transducer technology for improved accuracy and cleaning nonslip twist grips Acid Content: Check oil base stock for acid levels to optimise catalyst. If you are not achieving this standard on your final product you will need to address the following issues: a) Ensure sufficient catalyst is used in the process b) Ensure base feed stock is of adequate quality c) Check for over-heating of oils 47

49 SECTION 7 HOMEBREW: Homebrew Biodiesel Reaction systems WVO Filtration kit Homebrew MAGNESOL Wash kits Homebrew Final Polish Filter Kits Quality Traceability Control

50 HOMEBREW SECTION Homebrew biodiesel reactor kit Homebrew safety pack Glycerol drainage port Description Batch capacity Part number 240V / 50Hz Biodiesel reactor with integral heater (60 C max). 60 litres H-BDRK Kit includes safety goggles, overalls, gloves & filling funnel Does not include production chemicals - to be supplied by end user Biodiesel Reactor Kit 240 volt mains power supply 48 litres of biodiesel per batch Self regulating Homebrew scale biodiesel reactor Suitable for beginners Includes safety goggles, gloves, overalls and funnel Includes temperature gauge Fully compatible with Filtertechnik Purification Systems 40 litre a minute circulation pump Gravity fed glycerol release valve Innovative award winning design Return on investment in 15 batches Visit our website for more details & pricing information on homebrew packs 49

51 HOMEBREW SECTION WVO filtration kit 2 off 20 clear polypropylene filter bodies Part Number: XV07BCNV 1 off 400, 200 or 100µm recleanable element & 1 off 50, 20, 5 or 1µm disposable element. 2 off Pressure gauge kits for series filter housings. Mounted on filter inlet & outlet sides. Part number: H-WVO-PGK 4 off 3 4 male / male threaded fixing adaptors with seals. Adaptor part number: Seal part number: BBS-12 2 off 3 4 inlet & outlet hoses, 3m long. Part number: SH-HA off 3 4 filter connecting hose, 0.13m long. Part number: SH-HA Description Flow capacity Part number Prefiltration kit for waste vegetable oil, virgin oils or other 10 l/min H-WVOK suitable raw feed stock oils. Kit includes 2x 20 long clear polypropylene filter bodies, 2x filter elements of your choice, fixing adaptors, connecting hose & inlet / outlet hoses. Max temperature 45 C & max pressure of 6.2 bar. Visit our website for more details & pricing information on homebrew packs 50

52 HOMEBREW DRY WASH KIT MAGNESOL Dry wash kit 2 off 1µm polypropylene wash cell for X-100 filter housing. Part number: BPONG1X01 Pressure gauge kit for X-100 filter housing. Part number: H-MDW-PGK 2 off 3 4 inlet & outlet hoses, 3m long. Part number: SH-HA Polypropylene wash filter housing, 2 threaded ports & plastic leg stands. Part number: X-100B2PP BSP 2 off 2 male to 3 4 threaded fixing adaptors. Part number: kg of D-SOL grade MAGNESOL dry wash powder. Part number: MAGNESOL -0.5 Description Removal capacity Part number MAGNESOL dry wash filter kit. Kit includes polypropylene ±0.750kg H-MDWK wash filter housing, 2 off 1µm wash cells, pressure gauge kit, threaded fixing adaptors, inlet /outlet hoses & 0.5kg D-SOL dry wash powder. Max housing pressure 7 bar Visit our website for more details & pricing information on homebrew packs 51

53 HOMEBREW FINAL POLISHING KIT Final polishing filter kit 2 off polishing filter elements to suit KU65/2 filter pot. Part number: SDFC(W2) 2 off 1 8 male to 1 2 male threaded fixing adaptors with seals Adaptor part number: Seal part number: BBS Seal part number: BBS-8 Polishing filter pot with mounting bracket Part number: KU65/2 2 off 1 2 inlet & outlet hoses, 3m long. Part number: SH-HA Description Water removal Dirt removal Part number Final polishing filter kit for removal of final traces of particulate ±0.7 litres ±1.5 kg H-FPK and moisture. Max flow 8l/min, max pressure 8 bar. Kit includes polishing filter pot with U mounting bracket, 2x polishing filter elements, threaded fixing adaptor & inlet / outlet hoses. Visit our website for more details & pricing information on homebrew packs 52

54 SECTION 8 BIODIESEL TRAINING SECTION 8 Open Days Biodiesel Production and purification courses BIODIESEL PURIFICATION ACCESSORIES SECTION 8 MAGNESOL Flow Meters Sample bottles ph testing strips Homebrew accessories Pressure gauges Dessicant air breathers Free Fatty acid test strips Agitators Quality Traceability Control

55 BIODIESEL TRAINING Biodiesel Open Days We host regular open days at our Nottingham facility. This is an excellent opportunity to understand the reasons for biodiesel purification and how this can be achieved at the lowest possible cost. Attendees find these days to be beneficial not only for understanding biodiesel purification techniques, but also for discussing all aspects of biodiesel production amongst themselves in a relaxed, informal environment. We cater for all levels of producer and combine theoretical knowledge with hands-on practical demonstrations. Our aim is that you leave fully equipped with a better understanding of biodiesel production and purification. Biodiesel training courses Whether you are a new or existing biodiesel producer, or just curious about biodiesel in general, these detailed training courses offer all the advice, guidance and assistance required to master all aspects of biodiesel production and legislation. Working with Industry leaders in biodiesel production, this course is the definitive A-Z of everything you need to know about Biodiesel. Far too many people enter into biodiesel production, only to make serious mistakes and incorrect investment decisions that could have been avoided if the correct tuition had been available. Anyone researching biodiesel on the Internet will agree that there is too much conflicting advice on offer, no transparency as to what you are buying and more importantly too many big fat claims from suppliers that their product/service is the best available. We talk you through all these issues...step by step! We may even tell you things you may not want to know, but we believe in a "warts and all" approach and will say it as it is. Our intention is to allow you to go away and make an informed decision about the industry, equipped with all the necessary knowledge required to succeed. Most attendees on our courses go on to be successful producers in their own right. Working in conjunction with industry leaders, training is up to date and relevant to all levels of biodiesel from the budding enthusiast through to the advanced producer. 54

56 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION ACCESSORIES Replacement filter elements WVO 20 elements for series housings Part code Description FT-03MP VB 20 recleanable 400µm element FT-03MP VB 20 recleanable 200µm element FT-03MP VB 20 recleanable 100µm element FT-07PP050-20NNB 20 disposable 50µm element FT-07PP020-20NNB 20 disposable 20µm element FT-07PP005-20NNB 20 disposable 5µm element FT-07PP001-20NNB 20 disposable 1µm element WVO 30 elements for series housings & SFC-2/3 rigs Part code Description FT-03MP VB 30 recleanable 400µm element FT-03MP VB 30 recleanable 200µm element FT-03MP VB 30 recleanable 100µm element FT-07PP050-30NNB 30 disposable 50µm element FT-07PP020-30NNB 30 disposable 20µm element FT-07PP005-30NNB 30 disposable 5µm element FT-07PP001-30NNB 30 disposable 1µm element WVO 32 elements for series housings & WVO-2 filter rigs Part code Description FT-19NM800-2GYEP 32 recleanable 800µm nylon mesh cells FT-19NM400-2GYEP 32 recleanable 400µm nylon mesh cells FT-19NM200-2GYEP 32 recleanable 200µm nylon mesh cells FT-19NM100-2GYEP 32 recleanable 100µm nylon mesh cells FT-19NM050-2GYEP 32 recleanable 50µm nylon mesh cells FT-19NM025-2GYEP 32 recleanable 25µm nylon mesh cells FT-19PP010-2GYEP 32 disposable 10µm polypropylene cells FT-19PP005-2GYEP 32 disposable 5µm polypropylene cells BD6000 polishing elements Part code Description SDFC(W2) Water & particulate removal final polish element 55

57 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION ACCESSORIES MAGNESOL D-SOL the best just got better! MAGNESOL (magnesium silicate) is highly effective at removing impurities from biodiesel. The new D-SOL formulation is designed with the biodiesel market in mind. It is completely harmless to handle and is a cost effective alternative to water washing biodiesel. Sold in 20.4Kg bags. Usual wash quantities are between 0.5% and 1% by weight. call for pricing on special 1Kg homebrew packs Part code MAGNESOL Description 20.4kg bag of D-SOL dry wash powder Sample bottles Low cost sample bottles. Ideal for fuel sampling in-house and laboratory testing, 100ml bottles. Part code OSB-loose Description 100ml clear sample bottle Ph testing strips These strips are essential for in-house quality control to ensure that the ph of the fuel has been neutralised. ph ranges from 4-10 to allow for greater accuracy of readings. A reduction in ph will show a reduction in harmful production residues and soaps that will cause engine damage. Part code FB33011 Description Box of 100 ph level indicator sticks Free Fatty Acid Test strips Know the FFA content of your base feed stock prior to production. Essential for oil collection rounds and in-coming quality control. Part code FT-FFAIS Description Box of 40 FFA %age level indicator sticks 56

58 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION ACCESSORIES Dessicant air breathers Biodiesel is hygroscopic and will absorb moisture. Connect a dessicant breather to your storage tanks to prevent moisture & dirt ingress. Available in various sizes. Part code DAB-2 DAB-4 Description 3/4 NPT connection, 2µm air filtration & 0.1l water removal 1 NPT connection, 2µm air filtration & 0.5l water removal Motor pump sets Rugged continuously rated screw pumps for WVO, dry wash & final polish fluid transfer if required Part code Description CMS Vac / 50Hz supply, 10l/min flow rate CMS Vac / 50Hz supply, 10l/min flow rate CMM Vac / 50Hz supply, 23l/min flow rate CMM Vac / 50Hz supply, 23l/min flow rate CML Vac / 50Hz supply, 52l/min flow rate 3 phase & 60Hz versions also available Biodiesel transfer hoses Part code Description SH-HA /4 BSP female diesel hose, 3m long SH-HA /4 BSP female diesel hose, 2m long SH-HA BSP female diesel hose, 3m long SH-HA BSP female diesel hose, 3m long Special lengths available on request Pressure Gauge kits Check pressures inside closed vessels Indicate flow restriction in pipe-work Indicate filter blockages Available in analogue and digital versions Part code H-WVO-PGK H-WVO-PGKD Description 0-6 bar analogue pressure gauge with 3/4 inline pipe fitting 0-60 bar digital pressure gauge with 3/4 inline pipe fitting 57

59 BIODIESEL PURIFICATION ACCESSORIES Biodiesel production accessories DM100 flow totaliser The DM100 is an all mechanical flow meter ideal for dispensing diesel or biodiesel fuels. Total and resettable total display in litres. Part code DM Description Not suitable for methanol transfer 1 BSP flow rate totaliser l/min flow range. 10 bar max TM100 flow rate & totaliser The TM100 is a battery operated flow turbine with rate, total and resettable total display. Part code TM Description Suitable for methanol transfer 1 BSP flow rate totaliser l/min flow range. 20 bar max Flow Meters A wide range of flow meters are available from us for any application you need: Materials include: Plastic, Aluminium, Stainless Steel Features: High accurate and repeatable Monitor flow rate and total Wide range of displays available Also available with alarms Applications: Monitoring methanol and methoxide introduction ratios Fluid transfer between production stages Monitoring glycerol removal volumes after settling (good test of reaction efficiency) IBC Mounted Agitators: Ideal for MAGNESOL introduction and the agitation process. Advanced technology fold-out paddles ensure effective agitation in the wash tank and increased absorption capability as a result. Effective agitation eliminates any blind spots in the wash tank and ensures a cost effective purification process. Complete with hopper system for clean and easy introduction of MAGNESOL. Power supply and sizes vary depending on wash volumes. Part code Description LBC75 Electrical IBC mounted agitator/mixer Please call for power supply options available 58

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62 FILTERTECHNIK Unit 10 Easter Park Lenton Lane Industrial Estate Nottingham NG7 2PX Freephone: Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Web: DIstributed by: