Biodiesell productionn withh Lewatit GF202 Lewatit GF202

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1 Biodiesel production with Lewatit GF202 Lewatit GF202

2 Biodiesel production with Lewatit GF202 Removal of glycerine & soaps with Lewatit GF202 No water wash necessary Reduces investment and operating costs Bio- Diesel

3 Advantages of using Lewatit GF202 Lewatit GF202 has specifically been developed for biodiesel purification and is used to remove glycerine, monoglycerides, soaps and salts. Biodiesel purified with GF202 fulfills the stringent specification requirements of the European and American fuel industries. GF202 is a macroporous cation exchange resin with monodisperse bead sizing, to optimize break-through and pressure drop performance in packed beds. One litre of GF202 will purify tons biodiesel / year It can be reused many times, thus minimizing resin disposal costs. Resin lifetimes up to 7 years have been obtained. Therefore only relatively small beds are necessary for cycle times of 7 10 days It can be retrofitted into existing plants. All biodiesel qualities irrespective of the triglyceride source can be treated. It is currently used in plants ranging widely in size, from 10, ,000 to/a. And it is the most cost-effective ion exchange resin based purification system in the market. Lewatit GF202 has been used for biodiesel production in Europe since 1997.

4 Biodiesel quality standards Property ASTM Method Limits Units Flash Point min. C Water & Sediment max vol. % Carbon Residue max wt. % Sulfated Ash max wt. % Kin. Viscosity 40 C mm²/sec. Sulfur max wt. % Cetane min Cloud Point 2500 by customer C Copper Corrosion 130 No 3 max Acid Number max mg KOH/g Free Glycerine max wt. % Total Glycerine max wt. %

5 Raw oil sources of biodiesel treatable with GF202 Palm oil Rape seed oil, Soyabean oil, Sunflower oil, Canola oil, Coconut oil, Jatropha nut oil, Used Cooking Oil, Animal fats Conversion Bio- Diesel High viscosity Poor combustion properties Low viscosity Excellent combustion properties

6 Raw oils chemical composition O Triglycerides > 95% O O O O O Fatty-Acids: 0.1-5% O OH Others: Micelles, phospholipids, proteins, mineral salts < 1%

7 Triglyceride transesterification O Purified Triglycerides > 95% O O O O O NaOCH 3 CH 3 OH O Biodiesel OCH 3 Glycerine HO OH OH

8 Soap formation Free fatty acid (FFA) < 5% + NaOCH 3 O OH Soap Methanol + CH 3 OH O ONa The FFA content of the triglycerides should be maintained below 0.5% to minimize soap formation and maximize BD selectivity

9 Conventional Biodiesel Production Process Low-acid Triglycerides MeOH MeONa HCl Water Antioxidant Esterification Transesterification Methyl ester phase Water wash Water strip Water strip Separation Glycerine phase Raw oils with free fatty acids Glycerine purification MeOH Strip MeOH + Gly. + salts Water + Glycerine + Salts Glycerine + Salts Pure ethyl esters (Biodiesel)

10 Biodiesel production with Lewatit GF202 Low-acid Triglycerides MeOH MeONa Antioxidant Esterification Transesterification Methyl ester phase Separation Glycerine phase Glyc. Adsorption Desorption Lewatit GF202 Raw oils with free fatty acids Glycerine purification MeOH Strip MeOH + Glycerine Glycerine + Salts Pure ethyl esters (Biodiesel)

11 Lewatit GF202 vs water wash Production with water wash Production with Lewatit Water Water wash Water strip Water strip Glyc. Adsorption Desorption Lewatit GF202 Water + Glycerine + Salts

12 Solvation of GF202 with glycerine HO OH OH HO GF202 SO 3 - Na + GF202 SO 3 - Na + OH OH

13 Adsorption of ionic impurities and soaps ionic impurities + soaps HO OH GF202 SO 3 - Na + GF202 OH Cl - Fe +++ K + SO O 2 C -O 2 C Na + Ca ++

14 Impurities capture by glycerine Transesterification phase separation Purification with GF202 Small concentrations of ionic impurities + soaps Biodiesel phase Cl - Fe +++ SO O 2 C Glycerine phase High concentrations of ionic impurities + soaps High concentrations of ionic impurities + soaps K + -O 2 C Na + Ca ++ In both transesterification and treatment with GF202, glycerine phases adsorb hydrophilic soaps and salts

15 Operating data Adsorption of glycerine & soaps from rape seed biodiesel with GF202 at 2 BV/h and 28 C glycerine inlet soaps inlet glycerine outlet soaps outlet 500 ppm Bed volume s biodiese l from rapeseed oil

16 Resin packing & structure of Lewatit GF202 Monodisperse bead sizing, hexagonal closest packing GF202 sponge-structure

17 Application mode of Lewatit GF202 Alternate loading and washing Biodiesel + glycerine Washing with MeOH Lewatit GF202 B. MeOH tank or MeOH strip A. Transesterification tank Purified biodiesel MeOH + glycerine

18 Loading / washing GF202 Biodiesel + Impurities Pure Biodiesel + + GF202 SO 3 - Na + Loading Cl - Fe +++ K + SO O 2 C -O 2 C Washing Na + Ca ++ + Methanol + impurities + Methanol

19 Removal of glycerine and soap with Lewatit GF202 Biodiesel from phase separation glycerine: ppm soap: ppm Operating information Fresh GF202 is first preconditioned by drying with 3-4 bed volumes MeOH at 2BV/h. The MeOH is then drained and the biodiesel passed into the reactor. Before the MeOH wash, the biodiesel is also drained. After preconditioning, GF202 is only subjected to alternate MeOH / biodiesel treatments and never washed with water. 100% bed volume water-wet, 95% in MeOH, 90% in biodiesel + glycerine Lewatit GF202 Operating Conditions: Temperature: 30 C 40 C LHSV: BV*biodiesel/hr Bed height: 1 2 m Op. Capacity: 250 g glycerine/litre Regeneration: C Reg. volume: 2-4 BV to transesterification 5-10 BV to MeOH storage Resin life: 4-5 years (average) *BV = bed volumes refined biodiesel glycerine: <10 ppm soap: < 5 ppm

20 Biodiesel production with Lewatit Advantages of water wash elimination Reduced investment Lower operating costs Ease of operation

21 Basic design and resin cost Capacity 100,000 to/a Annual operation 8,000 h Throughput 12.5 to/h 15,600 l/h 69 gal./min. LHSV 2 bed vols/h Bed volume 7,800 litre GF202 Bed height 2 meter Pressure drop 0.4 bar Glycerine capacity 250 g/litre resin Glycerine conc 800 ppm Cycle time 156 h Resin lifetime 5 years Resin cost / l biodiesel / l $ / gal This basic design can be scaled linearly for plant sizing ranging from 1, ,000 to/a. Bed depth should be kept in the range 1.5 m (1,000 to/a) to 3 m (300,000 to/a)

22 Cost comparison Lewatit GF202 vs Competitor resin Resin cost / l biodiesel Competitor resin dry (one way application) / l Lewatit GF202 (reusable over 5 years) / l Competitor : Lewatit 170 cost factor