Biofuel. academy/index.php

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1 Biofuel Ahyun Chung, Devin Davis, Jakob Harbers, Cecelia Kaiser, Ava Lyons, Will Medley, Annelise Nauman, Lewis Poggie, Amanthi Ranatuga, Isabel Reynolds, Kevin Wang academy/index.php

2 Objectives Test biofuels for their energy density a2ad2a3df78cf77278b56e.jpg Convert biomass using catalysts How is STEM used to convert plant materials to biofuels? Are biofuels cost efficient? How do biofuels affect the environment?

3 What is Biofuel? Defined as, A fuel derived directly from living matter, including wood, crops, and waste material Available in all three states of matter Biofuels help replace jet fuel, gasoline, and Diesel Different fuels can come from different plants of energy biofuels/

4 Experiment: Plants to Fuel Materials: Vegetable oil, ethanol, NaOH, 50mL centrifuge tube, balance, Erlenmeyer flask, spirit burner, mesh wire gauze, thermometer, water, Microprocessor Controlled 280 Series Water Bath Procedure: 1. Mix 0.2g of NaOH with 11mL of ethanol. 2. Add 30mL of vegetable oil 3. Shake and submerge into water bath (59.2 C) and shake occasionally for 15min 4. Let sit for 40min; begin the calorimetry test for kerosene and ethanol 5. Perform the calorimetry test once biodiesel has completely separated Ethanol heating a flask of water Mixing our biodiesel

5 Qualitative Results Kerosene Ethanol Biodiesel

6 Quantitative Results Calculated Energy Density (J/g): Measured, Reference* Kerosene: 15000, Ethanol: 12600, Biodiesel: 10500, Percent Error/Margin of Error* content/uploads/2013/01/1 biodieselexamples_0237_edited 002.jpg Name Weight of spirit burner (g) Before Temperature of Water ( C) Weight of spirit burner (g) After Temperature of Water ( C) Time to Heat (min) Biodiesel Kerosene Ethanol

7 Efficiency The efficiency of a fuel source: Is the amount of energy released in a specific amount of time Is generally known as the energy density of a fuel. There are several different materials that can be turned into biofuels, and different processes that they must go through to accomplish this. Corn stover is fermented, and wood is converted into methanol through gasification Fuel Experimental Energy Density Reference Energy Density Kerosene Joules/ gram Joules/ gram Ethanol Joules/ gram Joules/ gram Biodiesel Joules/ gram Joules/ gram

8 Cost and Biofuels.html Cellulosic biofuels are, on average, 24.5% more expensive than corn ethanol. Global Trade Value

9 Policy Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) Created the Renewable Fuel Standard Strengthened biofuel Infrastructure Job creation Energy independence Reduce wastes & carbon emissions After: Increased support of biofuel productions. Updated the Renewable Fuel standards every year Major Players in Policy and Development Major Transportation and Aviation companies United Airlines $30 million deal in 2015 Jetblue 10 year power purchase agreement Major chemical producers DuPont Production of 2nd generation fuels Brazil/US biggest producers; Southeast Asian market increasing Dozens of countries give subsidies and tax deals to encourage production Splash and dash trade practices in 2010s caused closer management

10 Environmental Effects Release CO2 when produced and burned as fuel Crops use up some CO2 when grown that help reduce, but not erase, the overall impact Biodegradable and renewable Associated with toxic chemical emissions like mercury agriculture biofuel production

11 Benefits and Drawbacks Benefits Reduce carbon emissions Cycle/Renewable Supply Biodiesel Longterm Drawbacks Land must be cleared Emissions Food use Temperature Cost advance/ Z_zvPR847Nep AAAAA&pid=Api

12 Sources About Sugarcane. (2018). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from policies/policies in the unitedstates/us biofuel policy Application Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2018, from library/applicationreports/refining of vegetable oils for biofuels/ Araújo, K., Mahajan, D., Kerr, R., & da Silva, M.(2017, March 29). Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy, and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuel Development. Agriculture, 7(4). Retrieved June 20, 2018, from /7/4/32/pdf Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes, M. (Ed.). (2011, August 1). Biofuel s Engineering Process Technology. IntechOpen. Biofuels: Ethanol and Biodiesel Explained (2018, March 23). U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from nvironment Economics of Biofuels. (2018, February 02). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from economics/economicsbiofuels content/uploads/2015/05/reserach Icon Extreme Biodiesel.png Chauhan, S. K., & Shukla, A. (2011, September 6). Environmental Impacts of Production of Biodiesel and Its Use in Transportation Sector IntechOpen. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from impact ofbiofuels/environmental impacts of production of biodiesel andits use in transportation sector Energy Density of Alternative Fuels and Its Effect on Value of Biofuels. (2018, January 30). Retrieved June 20, 2018, from density alternative fuels/ GCSE Bitesize Science Biofuels : Revision. (n.d.). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from ateway/beyond_the_microscope/biofuels/revision/1/

13 Sources Gokianluy, A. (2014, May 08). A Cost and Benefit, Case Study Analysis of Biofuels Systems. Harvard College Review of Environment and Society. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from cost and benefitcase study analysis of biofuels systems/ content/uploads/2015/05/reserach Icon Extreme Biodiesel.png Searchinger, T., Heimlich, R., Houghton, R. A., Dong, F., Elobeid, A., Fabiosa, J.,... Yu, D. H. (2008, February 29). Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land Use Change. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunities. (n.d.). GreenFacts. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from 2/1 definition.htm Summary of the Energy Independence and Security Act. (2016, August 02). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from energy independence and security act National Biodiesel Board (n.d.). Federal policy issues that affect biodiesel [PDF]. Jefferson City, MO: National Biodiesel Board. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from media files/resources/federal policy issuesthat affect biodiesel.pdf?sfvrsn=2 OECD/FAO (2016). Biofuels, in OECD FAO Agricultural Outlook , OECD Publishing, Paris. Retrieved June 18, DOI: en Purdue Agricultural & Biological Engineering (2018). Protocol for Biodiesel Production and Calorimetry Experiment. Zhang, W. H. (2011, July 13). Energy Efficiency Analysis: Biomass to Wheel Efficiency Related with Biofuels Production, Fuel Distribution, and Powertrain Systems. PLoS ONE, 6(7). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from e

14 Questions?