TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION BASICS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY DEVICE DAMAGE, THREAT CATEGORIES, AND MODELS...

Transcription

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW BASICS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY INTRODUCTION HISTORY NATURE OF STATIC ELECTRICITY SOURCES OF STATIC ELECTRICITY MATERIAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: INSULATIVE, CONDUCTIVE AND DISSIPATIVE MATERIAL TEST PRINCIPLES ESD CONTROL PRINCIPLES FOR FURTHER REFERENCE DEVICE DAMAGE, THREAT CATEGORIES, AND MODELS EFFECTS OF ESD ON DEVICES ESD THREAT CATEGORIES AND MODELS DEVICE SENSITIVITY DETERMINING ESD SENSITIVITY THROUGH DEVICE TESTING SUMMARY FOR FURTHER REFERENCE PERSONNEL SAFETY OVERVIEW GROUND POTENTIAL OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND POWER TOOLS CONDUCTIVE WORKSURFACE CONSIDERATIONS GROUNDING TRADE-OFFS ESD CONTROL PROGRAM PLAN - ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPING AN ESD CONTROL PROGRAM PLAN DEVELOPING A TRAINING PLAN DEVELOPING A PRODUCT QUALIFICATION PLAN DEVELOPING A COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION PLAN ESD CONTROL PROGRAM PLAN OVERVIEW MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS HUMIDITY GROUNDING / EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION PERSONNEL GROUNDING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS i

2 8.2 WRIST STRAP SYSTEM FOOTWEAR/FLOORING SYSTEM ESD PROTECTED AREAS IDENTIFICATION INSULATORS ISOLATED CONDUCTORS WORKSURFACES INTRODUCTION FACTORS IN SELECTING WORKSURFACES TYPES OF DISSIPATIVE WORKSURFACE MATERIALS TESTING MAINTENANCE FOR FURTHER REFERENCE WRIST STRAPS INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF A WRIST STRAP WRIST STRAP USE AND SELECTION WRIST STRAP TESTING CONTINUOUS WRIST STRAP MONITORS CURRENT LIMITING SUMMARY FOR FURTHER REFERENCE FOOTWEAR INTRODUCTION TYPES OF FOOTWEAR PROPER USAGE TESTING COMMON TESTING PROBLEMS FOR FURTHER REFERENCE STATIC PROTECTIVE FLOOR MATERIALS INTRODUCTION FUNCTION OF STATIC PROTECTIVE FLOOR MATERIALS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLOORS AND FOOTWEAR BENEFITS OF FLOOR MATERIALS LIMITATIONS OF FLOOR MATERIALS APPLICATIONS OF FLOOR MATERIALS TYPES OF FLOOR MATERIALS TEST METHODS HAZARDS CLEANROOM CONSIDERATIONS TEST METHODS, STANDARDS, AND SPECIFICATIONS ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ii

3 13.12 FOR FURTHER REFERENCE STATIC PROTECTIVE SEATING INTRODUCTION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHAIRS, FLOORING, AND THE USER BENEFITS TYPES AND SELECTION TESTING CLEANING FOR FURTHER REFERENCE IONIZATION INTRODUCTION STATIC CHARGE CONTROL WHAT IS AIR IONIZATION MEASUREMENT OF AIR IONIZATION PURPOSE OF IONIZATION TYPES, USE, SELECTION, AND INSTALLATION OF AIR IONIZERS TESTING OF AIR IONIZERS MAINTENANCE/CLEANING ENVIRONMENTAL/HUMIDITY IONIZATION CONSIDERATIONS OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR FURTHER REFERENCE SHELVING WORKSTATION SHELVING STORAGE AREA SHELVING (I.E., WAREHOUSE, KITTING, ETC.) MOBILE EQUIPMENT CONTINUOUS MONITORS INTRODUCTION WRIST STRAP CHECKERS TYPES OF CONTINUOUS MONITORS CONTINUOUS MONITOR FEATURES PERIODIC VERIFICATION TESTING SUMMARY FOR FURTHER REFERENCE GARMENTS INTRODUCTION TYPES AND SELECTION APPLICATION PROPER USE TESTING AND QUALIFICATION MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING iii

4 19.7 ENVIRONMENTAL/HUMIDITY OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR FURTHER REFERENCE PACKAGING ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS FOR SHIPMENT AND STORAGE INTRODUCTION ITEM SENSITIVITY TO ESD ESD THREAT EXPOSURE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ESD PACKAGING SELECTING A PACKAGE FOR FURTHER REFERENCE MARKING MARKING OF ASSEMBLIES AND EQUIPMENT MARKING OF PACKAGING OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR FURTHER REFERENCE ESD GLOVES AND FINGER COTS INTRODUCTION GLOVES AND FINGER COT MATERIAL ISSUES INTRINSIC RESISTANCE OF ESD GLOVES AND FINGER COTS IN-USE RESISTANCE OF ESD GLOVES OR FINGER COTS CHARGE GENERATION OF ESD GLOVES AND FINGER COTS TEST METHODS TO MEASURE CHARGE GENERATION AND ACCUMULATION OF ESD GLOVES AND FINGER COTS PERSONNEL GROUNDING SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE ESD GLOVE/FINGER COT FOR FURTHER REFERENCE EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION EQUIPMENT TYPES TESTING - QUALIFICATION/PERIODIC VERIFICATION EQUIPMENT - CAUSED ELECTRICAL OVERSTRESS (EOS) TRIBOCHARGING FOR FURTHER REFERENCE iv

5 FIGURES Figure 1: Triboelectric Charge Materials Make Intimate Contact... 4 Figure 2: Triboelectic Charge Separation... 4 Figure 3: Simplified HBM Simulator Circuit Figure 4: HBM Current Waveform Through a Shorting Wire Indicating Decay Time and Peak Current Figure 5: Schematic of the CDM Test Setup from ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS Figure 6: Typical CDM ESD Waveform using a Single-Shot 8 Gigahertz Bandwidth Oscilloscope and Indicating Peak Current and Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM). 16 Figure 7: Common Point Ground Symbol Figure 8: Typical ESD Protective Workstation Figure 9: Relationship between Body Voltage and Resistance to Ground Figure 10: Example of an EPA Caution Sign Figure 11: Process Required Insulators Figure 12: Ionization by Alpha and X-ray Radiation Figure 13: Corona Ionization Positive Figure 14: Corona Ionization Negative Figure 15: ESD Sensitive Part or Assembly Figure 16: ESD Protective Material Marking TABLES Table 1. Typical Static Electricity Sources... 7 Table 2. Distance Rules in ANSI/ESD S Table 3. Comparison of Selected Properties of ESD Protective Floor Material Table 4. Floor Material Evaluation Criteria Table 5. Ionizer Selection Checklist v