Hong Kong Student Science Project Competition Carmel Pak U Secondary School

Transcription

1 Hong Kong Student Science Project Competition 2006 Plastic Fuel Carmel Pak U Secondary School

2 Oil Price

3 Domestic Waste

4 Landfill Burden Landfill: Ta Kwu Ling Landfill: Tuen Mun Landfill: Tseung Kwan O Covering 1/400 of HK 17,500 tones of solid wastes are disposed of everyday Landfill sites will be FULL in 6 to 10 years

5 Are there any new solutions? Plastic Fuel

6 Alleviate Landfill Burden Reduce Dependence On Fossil Fuels Aims Conserve Natural Resources Convert wastes into fuels

7 Presentation Part 1 Theory Catalytic Cracking Part 2 Methodology Part 3 Fractional Practical Distillation Issue

8 Catalytic Cracking Cracking Liquid Alkanes Polypropene Gaseous Alkenes Sand Brick Catalyst Steel Wool Part 1 Theory

9 Catalytic Cracking Plastic Samples Catalyst Part 1 Theory

10 Catalytic Cracking Part 1 Theory

11 Test using Br 2 Testing Gaseous Alkenes Using Br 2 (aq) Part 1 Theory

12 Fractional Distillation Part 1 Theory

13 Fractions of liquid products Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Part 1 Theory

14 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 End of Part 1 Fraction 5 Part 1 Theory

15 Presentation Plastic Samples Comparison with fossil fuels Part 1 Experiments conducted Theory Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine Catalyst Samples Part 3 Practical Issue

16 Plastic Samples Polyethene (PE) Polypropene (PP) Plastic Samples Part 2 Methodology

17 Polypropene (PP) Products Part 2 Drinking Straws Methodology Trays and containers

18 Polyethene (PE) Products Part 2 Methodology Plastic Bags Wrappings

19 Catalyst Samples Sandbrick Iron Wool Part 2 Methodology

20 Conversion PP : Higher % conversion % Conversion of Different Plastics to Alkanes & Alkenes Using Sand Brick as Catalyst Highest Conversion % % Conversion PP (Drinking Straw) PP (Plastic Cup) PE (Parkn Shopping Bag) PE (White Rubbish Bag) PE (Wrapping Bag) 93.2% Part 2 Plastic Samples Methodology

21 Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels Aluminium foil Soot Tests for Plastic Fuel Enthalpy Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine Crucible

22 Soot Mass of soot formed for different samples of liquid alkanes & petroleum Mass of soot (mg/g) Less soot was produced by plastic fuels Fraction 1 Boiling Point Fraction 2 Boiling Point Fraction 3 Boiling Point Fraction 4 Boiling Point Petrol Kerosene Diesel (Commercial) Different liquid alkanes and petroleum

23 Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels Thermometer Soot Tests for Plastic Fuel Aluminium Can Enthalpy Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine Crucible

24 Enthalpy Enthalpy of combustion of different sample of liquid alkanes and petroleum Plastic fuels & fossil fuels had similar enthalpy of combustion Enthalpy change (kj/g) [negative] Fraction 1 Boiling Point Fraction 2 Boiling Point Fraction 3 Boiling Point Fraction 4 Boiling Point Petrol Kerosene Diesel (Commercial) Different liquid alkanes and petroleum

25 Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels Soot Tests for Plastic Fuel Enthalpy Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine

26 Petrol Engine Performance of Plastic Fuel in Petrol Engine Part 2 Methodology

27 Plastic Fuels as substitutes for fossil fuels Plastic Fuel (Fraction) End of Part 2 Fossil Petrol Kerosene Diesel Heavy Fuel 2Oils Part 2 Methodology

28 Presentation Source Separation Trash Tax Part 1 Cost Calculation Theory Part 2 Methodology Part 3 Practical Issue Survey

29 Cost Calculation Caltex Petrol (8/4/2006) Price (HK $ /g) (tax included) (tax excluded) Fraction 1 (Plastic Fuel) Fraction 2 (Plastic Fuel) Part 3 Practical Issue

30 How can we do it? Part 3 Practical Issue

31 Survey 1. Are there any recycling bins in your buildings? 2. Have your ever used the recycling bins? Question 1 19% Yes No Question 2 9% Yes No No comment 81% 32% 59% Part 3 Practical Issue

32 3. The present recycled materials are paper, aluminium cans and plastic bottles etc. If plastic products are able to be converted into fuels, will thus raise your interest in using the recycling bin? Question 3 18% Yes No Part 3 82% Practical Issue

33 Trash Tax Part 3 Sharing of the cost of operation and production of plastic fuel Reduction of the use of plastic bags Practical Issue

34 Public Education Part 3 Practical Issue

35 Recycling scheme

36 Plastic Fuel Tree Valuable Plastic Fuel Part 3 Practical Issue Plastic Waste

37 Acknowledgement Chak Sang Motor Service Sun Kee Motor Car Body TVB ATV Information Service Department, HKSAR Environmental Protection Department

38 Reference Nnamso S. Akpanudoh, Karishma Gobin and George Manos, Catalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste to Liquid Fuel over Commercial Cracking Catalysts, Effect of Polymer to Catalyst Ratio/Acidity Content, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Volume 235, Issues 1-2, 1 July, 2005 T.Yoshinaga, M, Yamaye T. Kito, T. Ichiki, M. Ogata, J.Chen,H. Fujino, T. Tanimura, T.Yamanobe, Alkaline dechlorination of PVC in organic solvents under mild conditions, Kyushu Institute of Tech., Kyushu Kyoritsu Uni., Kitakyushu City Institute of Environmental Sci., Gunma Uni., Yamahuchi Prefectural Research Institute of Public Health, Feb., 2004

39 Thank You The End