STANDARD TESTING FOR ELASTOMER (RUBBER) Part 1. General Rubber

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "STANDARD TESTING FOR ELASTOMER (RUBBER) Part 1. General Rubber"

Claude Bridges
6 years ago
Views:

1 STANDARD TESTING FOR ELASTOMER (RUBBER) Part 1. General Rubber By. Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun The o ept ased fro the Book Basi Ru er Testi g: ele ti g Methods for a Ru er Test Progra, Editor: Joh. Di k, A TM, 00. with adding sources from external) 1

2 Rubber Testing Part a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 8. Mixer System (ASTM D-3182) Mooney Viscometer (ASTM D-1646) Oscillating Disk Curemeter (ASTM D-2084) Rotorless Shear Rheometer and Curemeter (ASTM D-6204) Tensile Properties (ASTM D-412) After Cure Dynamic Properties for Quality Assurance and Development (ASTM D-6601) Other Cured Physical Property Measurements Including: Tear Resistance (ASTM D-624) Air Over Aging (ASTM D-573) Heat Buildup (ASTM D-623) Flex Fatigue (ASTM D-623) Fluid Immersion Properties (ASTM D-471) Compression Set (ASTM D-395) Durometer Hardness (ASTM D-2240) Abrasion Resistance (ASTM D-2228) Low Temperature Properties (ASTM D-1053) Ozone Resitance (ASTM D-1171) Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive (ASTM D-2000) 2 2

3 1. Mixer Systems of Rubber Testing References from ASTM D-3182 Lab. of internal mixer of rubber (Cited from Basic Rubber Testing, Editor: John S. Dick) (Photo source from Smithers Scientific, Akron, Ohio) 3

$1. Mixer Systems of Rubber Testing Rubber Mixer Machine System Source from : http:\\www.$

4 1. Mixer Systems of Rubber Testing Rubber Mixer Machine System Source from : drop_type_rubber_mixer_machine-e117-rubber%20mixer%20machine5.jpg 4

5 1. Mixer Systems of Rubber Testing Mixer used to mix all the rubber components that used to build, fill, and coating the rubber. The system usually contains various machine that used to mix the rubber, including: 1. Bale Cutter, 2. Banbury Intensive Kneader, 3. Intensive Mixer, 4.Rubber Sheeting Mill, and 5. Rubber Mixing Mill Source From : 5

2. Mooney Viscometer Reference from ASTM D-1646 Mooney Viscometer is an instrument used to measuring Properties of rubber which are: Viscosity, Stress

Mooney Viscometer consisting of a motor-driven rotating disk within a cylindrical die cavity formed by two dies maintained at specified conditions of

6 2. Mooney Viscometer Reference from ASTM D-1646 Mooney Viscometer is an instrument used to measuring Properties of rubber which are: Viscosity, Stress Relaxation, and Pre-Vulcanization Characteristics. Mooney Viscometer consisting of a motor-driven rotating disk within a cylindrical die cavity formed by two dies maintained at specified conditions of temperature and die closure force. Rotor of the disk while the cavity is open (Bottom View) (Cited from: Basic Rubber Testing, Editor: John S. Dick) Rotor of the disk while the cavity is open (Upper View) (Source from : 6

7 2. Mooney Viscometer Mooney Viscometer Parts (Source from: 7

orgwikipediacommons669mooney_viscometer.

8 2. Mooney Viscometer Old Version Mooney Viscometer (Source from: New Version of Mooney Viscometer (Source from: 8

9 2. Mooney Viscometer How It s Work y Video 9 9

10 2. Mooney Viscometer How It s Work y Ta le Measure e t te p. o ditio s Cited from : ASTM D-1646 Document. The table above exclude the Other Details of column 10 10

11 3. Oscillating Disk Curemeter and Rheometer (ODR) Based from ASTM D-2084* Oscillating Disk Curemeter ia an equipment used to determining selected vulcanization characteristics of vulcanizable rubber compounds. Cure meter Assembly Cited from: ASTM D-2084 Document * The similar test can be used as reference is ISO

3. Oscillating Disk Curemeter and Rheometer (ODR) Based from ASTM D-2084* The disk can be used as Steel or Titanium The temperature of testing (Vulcanizing

12 3. Oscillating Disk Curemeter and Rheometer (ODR) Based from ASTM D-2084* The disk can be used as Steel or Titanium The temperature of testing (Vulcanizing temperature) is 160 ±.5 C Source from: * The similar test can be used as reference is ISO

13 3. Oscillating Disc Curemeter and Rheometer Video Presentation of Oscillating Disc Rheometer Source from: 13

14 4. Rotorless Shear Rheometer and Cure Meter Based from ASTM D-6204 and DIN and ISO RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer) Present time, Universal testing machine with modern technology can be use as Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA). RPA is one of advanced rotorless rotational shear rheometer that can take complete characterization of polymers, rubber and rubber compounds at all stages of manufacture. RPA also provides invaluable viscoelastic data on materials that are uncured, through the curing process, and in situ cured materials. The ultra-rigid test frame, high-resolution variable direct drive motor, ultrahigh-stiffness wide-range torque transducer, and precision temperature control provide the most precise and accurate torque, viscosity and viscoelastic properties of elastomers over the widest ranges of testing conditions. The RPA also can be handle testing rubber in advance including: complete post cure viscoelastic characterization, fully programmable sealing pressure, Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) and arbitrary waveform deformations. Source from: Rubber Testing, TA Instrument,

15 4. Rotorless Shear Rheometer and Cure Meter Rubber Process Analyzer Source from: Rubber Testing, TA Instrument,

16 4. Rotorless Shear Rheometer and Cure Meter Rheometer Testing Video 16

The eqipment to perform a testing use Universal Testing Machine.

17 5. Tensile Properties Based from ASTM D-412 The testing can be done with Thermoplastics Elastomer and Thermostat Elastomer. The eqipment to perform a testing use Universal Testing Machine. Source from: Source from: 17

18 5. Tensile Properties Universal Testing Machine Source from: 18

19 5. Tensile Properties Based from ASTM D-412 Testing Procedure Video 19

20 6. After Cure Dynamic Properties for Quality Assurance and Development Based from ASTM D-6601 The purpose of the test is to measure cure dynamic properties of Rubber Use to cure the rubber sample both from static model and low strain (standard is 2.8%) in order to minimize these oscillating strain effect The Rubber testing condition in the temperature varying from 140 C, 160 C, and 180 C The important things in the cure dynamic properties of a Rubber is preparation for the sample of the rubber The ASTM D-6601 mathematically same process with ASTM D the different between these ASTM is about the elasticity, where in cure model, rubber elasticity is bigger than rubber non cure model Testing can be done by Rotorless Shear Rheometer 20

21 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements a. Tear Resistance Based from ASTM D-624 Measure of the ability of sheet or film materials to resist tearing. For paper, it is the force required to tear a single ply of paper after the tear has been started. Three standard methods are available for determining tear resistance of plastic films: ASTM D-1004 details a method for determining tear resistance at low rates of loading; a test in ASTM D-1922 measures the force required to propagate a precut slit across a sheet specimen; and ASTM D-1038 gives a method for determining tear propagation resistance that is recommended for specification acceptance testing only. Tear resistance of rubber is the force required to tear a 1 inch thick specimen under the conditions outlined in ASTM D-624. Tear resistance of textiles is the force required to propagate a single-rip tongue-type tear (starting from a cut) by means of a falling pendulum apparatus. (ASTM D-1424) 21

22 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements a. Tear Resistance Based from ASTM D-624 there are 2 types of tear strength test; Die C test and D470 Test Tear properties define as the force required to pull a rubbertest piece apart using tensile test instrument. Source : 22

23 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements a. Tear Resistance Trouser Tear Test Sample measurement based from ASTM D-624. Source from : ASTM D-624 document 23

24 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements a. Tear Resistance Die C sample measurement based from ASTM D-624. Source from : ASTM D-624 document 24

25 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements a. Tear Resistance Differentiate between Like alike Rubber and Synthesis Rubber. Source : 25

26 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements a. Tear Resistance Based from ASTM D-624 and equifalent fo The Video of Testing Procedure 26

27 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements b. Air Over Aging Based from ASTM D-573 / ASTM D-865 The rubber properties will be decrease and the properties will change after prolonged explosure to high temperature. The test conduct in 2 conditions; in an air oven or in oxygen pressure chamber Test Air Over Aging give 2 information regarding rubber. 1. The test will release the mechanical or physical properties at elevated service temperature 2. With testing in high temperature, its cause accelerated for rubber to predict the long-term life at lower temperature Source: Zorge, Rubber Precision Parts 27

of rubber Cabinet Aging Oven Standard ISO 188, ISO 3383

Tube Aging Oven Standard ASTM D865, ASTM D471, ISO1817

28 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements b. Air Over Aging Sample Eqipment use to Air Oven Aging test of rubber Cabinet Aging Oven Standard ISO 188, ISO 3383 Cell Aging Oven Standard ASTM D865, ASTM D471, ISO188 Test Tube Aging Oven Standard ASTM D865, ASTM D471, ISO1817 Source: Advanced Rubber Testing Technologies,

29 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements c. Goodrich Flexometer Heat Buildup Standard test based from ASTM D-623 Goodrich Flexometer Heat Buildup is a Method for determining compression fatigue characteristics of rubber having a durometer hardness less than 8.5. (ASTM D-623). The Results may be reported as temperature rise during continued cyclic loading, permanent set in a specified time, duration of heat buildup, maximum temperature rise or time to failure ( 29

30 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements c. Goodrich Flexometer Heat Buildup Based from ASTM D-623, DIN 53533, ISO GABO_Prod_Mess_GABOMETER_e.j pg 30

31 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements c. Goodrich Flexometer Heat Buildup Goodrich Flexometer The compression flexometer is used as testing instrument in the rubber industry especially in the Fillers parts (Carbon Black etc.) Source from: 31

32 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements d. Flex Fatigue Based from ASTM D-623 The characteristics of flexibility and flex fatigue resistance frequently represent the key reasons that polymers are selected to comprise certain products. Cut-growth resistance represents an added dimension to flex fatigue and is frequently investigated under bending strain or high extension strain circumstances. (Source from:

33 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements d. Flex Fatigue One of the Basic consept to measure the flex fatigue is to measure the elongation scale. Source from: 33

34 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements d. Flex Fatigue Flex fatigue life is important factor in automotive industries with resistant agains extreme heat and cold condition. The good quality of rubber indicate the higer flex fatigue life. Source from :

35 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements e. Fluid Immersion Properties (1) (2) (3) (4) Based from ASTM D-471 ASTM D-471 describe the procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to with stand the effect of liquids. The test is designed for testing: Specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets Specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber Finished articles of commerce This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in the List of ASTM D

36 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements e. Fluid Immersion Properties Oil Composition based from ASTM D-471 Test Temperature and Immersion Periods based from ASTM D

37 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements e. Fluid Immersion Properties Oil Separator Sample of Rubber Typical Surface Immersion Apparatus based from ASTM D-471 Method of Separation based from ASTM D

f. 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements Compression Set Based from ASTM D-395 Compression set is a permanent deformation when the value of the deformation is

38 f. 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements Compression Set Based from ASTM D-395 Compression set is a permanent deformation when the value of the deformation is lower than the yeild point of the maaterial. Rubber application used in seal technology. Testing figures: Source from: 38

39 f. 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements Compression Set Testing procedures: Original Round Source from 39

40 f. 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements Compression Set Testing Temperature: Source from 40

41 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements g. Durometer Hardness Based from ASTM D-2240 and DIN and ISO 868 Durometer hardness is a eqipment used to determine the hardness of the material based from both of initial identation and identation after a specific time. In the ASTM D-2240, Durometer can be used with various elastomer type; 41

42 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements g. Durometer Hardness Based from ASTM D-2240 Source from: Advanced Rubber Testing Technologies, Qualitest, 42

43 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements g. Durometer Hardness The sample prepared in the temperature room 23 ± 2 C as long as 3 hours 43

44 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements g. Durometer Hardness Modern Handy Durometer Video 44

7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements h.

ISO4649 A test speciment is pressed against a rotating drum

The loss in volume is measured after a certain number of

Abrasion Tester Martindale Abrasion Tester DIN Abrasion

45 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements h. Abrasion Resistance Based from ASTM D-2228, ASTM D-394, ISO4649 A test speciment is pressed against a rotating drum covered with an abrasive cloth. The loss in volume is measured after a certain number of revolutions and gives an indication of the abrasion resistance. The equipment used to perform abrasion test such as; NBS Abrasion Tester Martindale Abrasion Tester DIN Abrasion Tester Rotary Abrasion Tester Source: Zorge, Rubber Precision Parts Source: Advanced Rubber Testing Technologies, Akron Abrasion Tester 45

46 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements i. Low Temperature Properties Based from ASTM D-1053 / ASTM D-2137 ASTM D-1053 explain the procedure to obtain stiffening of flexible polymeric materials and fabrics coated use a torsional apparatus for measuring the relative in low temperature condition The materials properties in low temperature is very important in colder climate such as in scandinavia countries. This standard in low temperature is very important especially in the automotive industries. The Speciment based from ASTM D-1053 Standard 46

Schematic drawing of Asparatus for Low Temperature Stiffness test

47 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements i. Low Temperature Properties Based from ASTM D-1053 / ASTM D-2137 Schematic drawing of Asparatus for Low Temperature Stiffness test 47

48 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements i. Low Temperature Properties Based from ASTM D-1053 / ASTM D-2137 Standard Speciment for testing based from ASTM D

Spetz, Developments in Low Temperature Testing

49 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements i. Low Temperature Properties Source from : Göran Spetz, Developments in Low Temperature Testing of Rubber Materials, Elastocon AB, SWEDEN,

50 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements i. Low Temperature Properties Video of Asparatus for Low Temperature Stiffness test 50

51 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements j. Ozone Resitance Based from ASTM D-1171 This test method describes the estimation of the relative ability of rubber composite used for applications requiring resistance to outdoor weathering or ozone chamber testing Test speciment shape as Cross-Sectional dimension Ozone resistance used for Molded or extruded rubber products that must withstand the effects of ozone cracking and outdoor weathering for satisfactory use Source from : ASTM D-1171 Document 51

52 7. Other Cured Physical Property Measurements j. Ozone Resitance Video of the performing Ozone Resistance test 52

53 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 ASTM D-2000 classification system tabulates the properties of vulcanized rubber materials that are intended for, but not limited to, use in rubber products for automotive applications. Moreover, The classification system is based on the premise that the properties of all rubber products can be arranged into characteristic material designations In the market level, Rubber in Automotive industries have code by Suffix letter. The rule of the suffix letter is based from ASTM D

54 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Sample Suffix Code: 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Or Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

55 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Basic Requirements for Establishing Type by Temperature 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

56 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Basic Requirements for Establishing Class by Volume Swell 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

57 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive The lists of Polymers Most Often Used In Meeting Material Requirements Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

58 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Hardness is indicated by a single digit which corresponds to the Durometer 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

59 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Tensile is indicated by two digits that specify minimum strength at break in psi or Mpa 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

60 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Suffix Requirement Each suffix indicates a test method that is consistent for all materials 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

61 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Suffix Indicate 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

62 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Suffix Number 1st Number (Specific test and Duration) 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

63 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Each number specifies the test temperature dependant on the Suffix Letter designated 4 CA 720 A25 B35 EA14 F19 G21 Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

64 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Testing Equipment Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

65 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Testing Equipment Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

66 8. Standard Product of Rubber in Automotive Based from ASTM D-2000 Testing Equipment Source from : ASTM D2000, Rubber Classification System Tutorial, PAI,

67 THANK YOU DANKE MARAMING SALAMAT PO TERIMAKASIH 67

GBL-600S. Technical Information. Fluoroelastomers

GBL-600S. Technical Information. Fluoroelastomers GBL-600S Technical Information Introduction Viton GBL-600S is a next generation, easy processing, peroxide-cured 68% fluorine fluoroelastomer based on new Advanced Polymer Architecture (APA) technology.