Employment and Earnings

Transcription

1 Employment and Earnings JUNE Vol- 2 No. 12 To renew your subscription to F.«n1nxn»nt. >nd Earning«- and to obtain additional data free of charge, see pages 12-E and 13-E. AMMPM B SB. a S E J g... e Revised Series e Summary of Revisions e Additional Trade Industries e State and Local Government e Metropolitan Area Definitions ATOIPtL AVERAGE OU* S5. Each year, the inmurt air^xeiaent I»roe present«annual average data for the 6 previous years. In this issue, the Annual Supplement section beginning on page 45 contains averages for for all currently published employment, hours, and series. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. G. Subscription prices $3*50 a year; $1 additional for foreign mailing* Single copies vary in price. This issue is 70 cents. CONTENTS P a g * Employment Trends SufiBQBFy V Table li Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups... VI Table 2: Reduction workers in manufacturing» by major industry group... VII Table 3 s Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing, by major Industry group... VIII Table 4* Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division... IX Table 5 s Index of production workers in manufacturing! by major industry group... II Table 6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division, seasonally adjusted... X Table 7 s Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted... X [NOTEi Seasonally adjusted data appear in italics.l SPECIAL S U M M A R Y SECTION... DETAILED STATISTICS A-Employment and Payroll! Table A-ls Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division... 1 Table A-2* A U employees and production workers in nonagrieultural establishments, by industry... 2 Table A-3s Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payroll in manufacturing... 7 Table A-*4s Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region Table A-5: Government civilian enployment and Federal military personnel... 9 Table A-6x Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for seleoted areas, by industry division B-Labor Turnover Table B-l: Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by class of turnover Table B-2: Monthly labor turnover rates in selected industries 24 C-Hours and Earnings Table C-ls Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisary employees Table C-21 Gross average weekly of production workers in selected industries, in current and dollars Table C-3s Average weekly, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing, in current and ddllars Table C-4: Average hourly, gross and excluding overtime, and average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing Continued next page XI

2 Employment and Earnings CONTENTS - Cc Pag«The national employment figures shown in this report have been adjusted to first quarter 1955 benchmark levels. C-Hours and Earnings-Continued Table C-5t Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity Table C-6t Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and a INOTE x Data for April are preliminary. ANNUAL SUPPLEMENT, CHART Indexes of ftroductlon-warker Enployment and Weekly Payroll - Manufacture Industries EXPLANATORY NOTES INTRODUCTION... 1-E ESTABLISHMENT REPORTS: Collection... 1-E Industrial Classification... 1-E Coverage... 1-E DEFINITIONS AND ESTIMATING MSTHQDS: Employment... 2-E Labor Turnover... 3-E Hours ***** Earnings... 4-E STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS... 5-E SUMMLRY CP MSTHQDS FOR COMPUTING NATIONAL STATISTICS... 6-E GLOSSART... 7-E METROPOLITAN AREA DEFINITIONS... 9-E WwWWWWwWWW REGIONAL OFFICES AND COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES... Inside back cover Seymour L. Wölfbein, Chief Division of Manpower and Employment Statistica Harold Goldstein Of floe of Assistant Chief for Analysis Walt R. Simmon* Office of Statistical Consultant Dudley E. Young Office of Assistant Chief for Statistics Raymond D. Larson Branch of Employment and Labor Force Analysis Richard H. Lewis Branoh of Skilled Muipower and Industrial Employment Studies Rudolph C. Mmdelssohn Branch of Employment Operations Helen Wood Branoh of Occupational Outlook and Specialised Birsonnel

3 n n o u n c i n a.. REVISED s e r i e s The national employment figures shown in this report have been adjusted to first quarter 1955 benchmarks. Employment data previously published from 1954 to date have also been adjusted to reflect the new benchmarks. This benchmark revision did not affect figures for 1953 and earlier years. The estimates for the rubber footwear and other rubber products industries, however, have been revised back to 1951 as a result of industry classification adjustments. The adjustments did not affect the total for the rubber products group. The adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks has also caused minor revisions in a few of the hours and series for 1954 and SUMMARY OF REVISIONS New summary tables for each series, which will be available soon, will contain data on the revised basis. These summaries can be obtained by using the order blank on page 12-E. Such requests should specify the series wanted. However, to make immediately available revised data for the broader industry groupings, special tables (pages XII to XXIII) have been added to this annual supplement issue. These tables show revised employment by month for nonagrlcultural industry divisions and major manufacturing groups. The tables begin with January 1954, and cover all months affected by the benchmark adjustments. In addition, a set of tables showing revised January and February data for all employment, hours, and series listed in tables A-2 and C-l has been included this month. This set of tables begins on page XXIV. Seasonally adjusted employment is also summarized in this issue. In this case, the tables include data beginning with January 1953 as seasonal adjustment factors for 1953 and subsequent years have been reviewed and in some cases revised. DATA FOR ADDITIONAL TRADE INDUSTRIES Employment estimates are now available for additional industries in the wholesale and retail trade division. These series begin with January Current data will be published regularly in table A-2 for the following new series: Whol.Ma. trad. Wholesalers, full-service and limited-function Automotive Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines, and liquors Electrical goods, machinery, hardware, and plumbing equipment Other full-service and limited-function wholesalers Wholesale distributors, other Department stores and general mail-order houses Other general merchandise stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets Dalry-product stores and dealers Other food and liquor stores Furniture and appliance stores Drug stores STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Responsibility for compiling monthly estimates of State and local government employment has been transferred to the U. S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics from the Bureau of the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce. The data have been added to table A-5, and will be published monthly. METROPOLITAN AREA DEFINITIONS Current definitions of all metropolitan areas for which employment or hours and are shown In this report appear on page 9-. Ill

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5 Employment Trends NONFARM E M P L O Y M E N T UP 2 0 0,0 0 0 Strong gains in co n stru ctio n and continued cutbacks in m anufacturing dom inated nonfarm em ploym ent changes betw een A p ril and M ay. Total nonfarm jobs ro se sea so n a lly by alm ost 200, 000 to re a ch a new M ay peak of 51 m illio n, as a sharp construction pickup and sm a lle r inc r e a s e s in other nonm anufacturing a c tiv itie s outw eighed fa c to ry job cutbacks of n e a rly 120, 000. This decline in m anufacturing w as due m ain ly to furth er curtailm ent by autom obile plants and r e la ted in d u strie s, some co n su m er appliance p lan ts, and to scattered w ork stoppages. The dip in m anufacturing em ploym ent w as accom pan ied by w id esp read d e clin e s in hours of w o rk, w hich brought the fa c to ry w orkw eek down to the lo w est le v e l thus fa r in and 0. 8 of an hour below May M OST NONM AN UFACTURING A C T IV IT IE S UP With the excep tion of trade and s e r v ic e, a ll nonm anufacturing a c tiv itie s re p o rted em ploym ent gains la r g e r than usual fo r this tim e of y e a r. C o n tra ct co n stru ctio n em ploym ent ro se by 183, 000 one of the la rg e s t A p r il-to -M a y gains this in d u stry has exp erien ced in the p ostw ar p eriod, bringing total con struction jobs to 3 m illion. G ains in r a ilro a d s, tru ckin g, and w areh o u s ing em ploym ent boosted the total for the tra n sp o r tation and public u tilitie s in d u stries by 20, 000 a sign ifican t gain at this tim e of y e a r. S e rv ice in d u stry em ploym ent ro se sea so n a lly by 5 9, 0 0 0, and trade establish m en ts re p o rted a sm a ll r is e of 2 9, 000. F A C T O R Y JOBS D ECLIN E M anufacturing em ploym ent dropped sh a rp ly to m illio n in M ay. A la rg e p art of the 118, 000 decline re su lte d fro m continued cutbacks in autom obiles and such re la te d in d u stries as h ard w are and m etal stam ping in the fa b ricate d m etals group and in the rubber in dustry. Em ploym ent declined in the p rim a ry m etals and ch em i c a ls in d u strie s, w h ere s trik e s con tributed to the o ver-th e -m o n th d e clin e, and a lso in the s e r v ic e and household m achin ery in dustry. The u sual seaso n al d eclin e s did not o ccu r in e le c t r ic a l m a ch in ery, w here em ploym ent in radio and te le v isio n plants r o s e, or in in stru m en ts and m iscella n eo u s m anufacturing. H eavy co n stru ctio n dem ands continued to boost em ploym ent in the Stone, clay, and glass industry group and in the fabricated structural steel industry of the fabricated m etals group. At m illio n, May fa cto ry em ploym ent w as 3 0 4,0 0 0 higher than a y e a r e a r lie r. T w o -th ird s of the gain w as in durable goods in d u strie s, despite a lo s s of 102,000 in tran sp o rtatio n equipm ent. T h irteen of the 21 m a jo r in d u stry groups r.eported o v e r -th e -y e a r gain s. The la r g e s t in c re a s e s w ere re p o rted by the m a ch in ery ( 127, 000) and e le c t r i c a l m a ch in ery (9 0, 000) gro u p s, p rim a rily r e fle c t ing the expansion of ca p ita l goods production. F A C T O R Y W ORKW EEK DROPS The w orkw eek of fa cto ry production w o rk e rs fe ll by 0. 3 of an hour in M ay to a m ore than usual decline for this tim e of y e a r. H ours of w ork have declin ed stead ily since N ovem ber on a sea so n a lly adjusted b a s is. V irtu a lly e v e ry in d u stry has rep o rted som e reduction since the f ir s t of the y e a r. This m onth, g r e a te r - th a n -se aso n al d eclin es or le s s -th a n -se a s o n a l gains in hours of w ork w ere re p o rted by a ll m ajor in d u stry groups excep t lu m b er, p rin tin g, and le a th e r. The g re a te s t d e clin e 1.3 h o u rs w as in tra n sp o rta tio n equipm ent. D eclin es in engines and tu rb in es, m etalw orkin g m a ch in ery, s e r v ic e and household m a ch in ery, and m isce lla n eo u s m a ch in ery accounted fo r the drop of 0. 7 of an hour in the m a ch in ery group. The p etro leu m and apparel in d u strie s, w here hours u su a lly r is e at this tim e of y e a r, rep o rted sharp d e clin e s. Com pared with a yea r ago, the facto ry w orkw eek w as down 0 8 of an hour, w ith 16 in dustry groups rep ortin g d eclin es. T hese d eclin es m ainly re p re se n t cutbacks in o ve rtim e w ork. In a m a jo rity of in d u stries the em p lo yees are s till w orking an a vera g e of m ore than 40 hours a w eek, in dicatin g the e xten sive scheduling of o vertim e w ork. W E E K L Y P A Y DROPS; HOURLY EARNINGS ST E A D Y As a consequence of the shortened w orkw eek, the a ve ra g e w eekly pay of fa cto ry production w o rk e rs fe ll by 59 cents to $ in M ay. Howe v e r, o ver the y e a r, a ll in d u strie s, w ith the excep tio n of tran sp o rtatio n equipm ent and ru b b er, rep o rted som e in c re a s e in w eekly p ay, becau se sh o rte r w orkw eeks w ere o ffset by h igher hourly pay. G ains in a vera g e w eekly pay ran ged fro m $ in ordnance and $5.4 6 in in strum ents to $ in fab ricated m etals and $ in tex tile s. V

6 Tabi* 1. Em ploy*** in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and s*l*ct*d groups (In thousands) May 1/ Current April 1/ March Year ago May 1955 May net change from: Previous month Year ago 50,999 50,803 50,499 49, ,505 MINING ^ * CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... 3,030 2,847 2,669 2, *0 MANUFACTURING... 16,641 16,759 16,764 16, k DURABLE GOODS... 9,706 9,783 9,730 9, Lumber and wood products (except furniture} k.l * O Primary metal industries... 1, , , , Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation 1, , , , , , , , I27.k 1, , , , , , , , * Instruments and related products I *.8 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries... ** Apparel and other finished textile Printing, publishing, and allied 6,935 6,976 7,034 6,841 - kl + Sk 1, , , , _ 1.6 1, , , , _ 6.7 1, , , , U _ O - k.k TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES... 4,140 4,120 4,106 3, *2 TRANSPORTATION... 2,754 2,737 2,729 2, COMMUNICATION OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE... 10,951 10,922 10,931 10, VT 2,919 2,921 2,926 2, RETAIL TRADE... 8,032 8,001 8,005 7, , , , , * *.9 Food and liquor stores... 1, , , , _ , * , , , FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE... 2,295 2,279 2,265 2, SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS... 6,037 5,978 5,859 5, *9 GOVERNMENT... 7,111 7,109 7,122 6, ,175 2,168 2,162 2, ,936 4,941 4,960 4,759 -.? / Preliminary. _ Ï L

7 Table 2. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group Major industry group (In thousands) May 1/ Current April 1/ March Year ago May May net change from: Previous month MANUFACTURING... 12,985 13,113 13,125 12, DURABLE GOODS... 7,586 7,671 7,621 7, Lumber and wood products (except Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation Year ago I8.O k , , , , I Machinery (except electrical)... 1, , , , Ik. 1 ^ 9 k Transportation equipment... 1, , , , ^ Instruments and related products... 23I Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS... 5,399 5,442 5,504 5,353 - ^3 + k6 1, , , , Ik. 1 - k k Apparel and other finished textile 1, , , , k Paper and allied products Ik.k Printing, publishing, and allied k + 2k.& Chemicals and allied products Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products k.o * k.6 l/ Preliminary.

8 Table 3. Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group Average weekly Major industry group IS May April 1/ 1/ May Average weekly hours Average hourly 19i > May April 1/ May May April 1/ 1/ 1/ May MANUFACTURING... $78.kO $78.99 $ $1.96 $1.96 $1.87 DURABLE GOODS kl.l Lumber and wood products (except furniture) Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment ) Machinery (except electrical) Electrical machinery Transportation equipment Instruments and related Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS l.l Tobacco manufactures Textile-mill products Apparel and other finished textile products Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products Leather and leather products I / Preliminary. VIII

9 Table 4. Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division ( = ) Industry division May 1/ A p r il 1/ March February January TOTAL Transportation and public Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate ll Preliminary. Table 5. Index of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group. ( ) Major industry group May 1/ A p r il 1 / March February January MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS U Lumber and wood products (except Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment) iiu Machinery (except electrical) Electrical machinery Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Textile-mill products Apparel and other finished textile Paper and allied products lilt Printing, publishing, and allied IO Products of petroleum and coal IO / Preliminary.

10 Seasonally A d ju sted Data Tabi* 6. Employe«* in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division, seasonally adjusted Industry division May 1/ Index ( «1 0 0 ) April 1/ March May 1955 May 1/ Number (In thousands) April 1/ March May 1955 TOTAL ,256 51,281 51,057 49,74s Mining S > 45 2,997 2, 966 2, ,834 16,906 16, 804 ^,527 Transportation and public utilities >143 4,127 4, 127 4,001 Wholesale and retail trade ,076 11, ,027 10, 726 Finance, insurance, and real estate ,295 2, 279 2, 276 2, , *978 5*979 5, ,084 7,082 7,095 6, 893 1/ Preliminary. Table 7. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted Major industry roup May 1/ Index ( = ) April 1/ March May 1955 May 11 Number (In t h ousands) April 1/ March May 1955 MANUFACTURING n 'O 13.,170 13, S 13,056 DURABLE GOODS ,605 7, ,540 Lumber and wood products (except Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transpor ,, 127 1, 139 1, 124 1, l,, 267 1,275 1, 262 1, 173 Electrical machinery I I3O.O ,, 285 1,329 1,354 1,426 Miscellaneous manufacturing II9.I IO NONDURABLE GOODS ,565 5,58o 5,5^4 y Textile-mill products... Apparel and other finished textile Paper and allied products... Printing, publishing, and allied 1 / Preliminary. 5,5i ,, 106 1,114 1,130 1, , 100 1,092 1,078 1, ^ IO IO I7I

11 SpSs. i ^ p e c i a 1 s i u r r l m j s i s c io n C O N TIN TS *««Employees in nonagricnûtural establishments, by industry division, All employees and produetion workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, Employees in nonagrienltural establishmsnts, by industry division, seasonally adjusted, 1953-February... XII XIII XVI Reduction workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted, 1953-*ebruary... XVIII All employees and production workers in nonsgrioultural establishments, by industry, January-February... Hours and gross of produetion workers or nonsuperrisory employees, January-February... XXIV XXX

12 Employ«««in nonagricultural «stablishm«nts, by industry division Year and month TOTAL Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and Wholesale public and retail utilities trade In thousands) Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government (Number: 195^ : Average... 48, ,593 15,995 4,009 10,520 2,122 5,664 6,751 January*... 48, ,280 16,380 4,055 10,407 2,051 5,466 6,657 February... 47, ,286 16,265 4,015 10,295 2,063 5,473 6,684 Ma r c h... 1*7, ,340 16,170 3,966 10,289 2,077 5,509 6,721 * 8, ,483 15,948 3,994 10,480 2,096 5,626 6,725 May... 1*8, ,590 15,781 3,992 10,363 2,108 5,686 6,736 1(8, ,703 15,839 4,017 lo,4o6 2,134 5,741 6,716 July... 1(8, ,772 15,587 4,028 10,374 2,159 5,781 6,551 August... 1(8, ,828 15,828 4,015 10,349 2,161 5,776 6,563 September.. 1(8, ,806 15,983 4,016 10,482 2,154 5,782 6,746 October... 1(8,81( ,765 16,016 4,003 10,588 2,150 5,740 6,829 November... 49, ,710 16,066 3,989 10,793 2,149 5,705 6,917 December... 49, ,550 16,055 4,004 11,412 2,154 5,679 7,166 I955 : Average... 49, ,780 16,557 4,056 10,803 2,215 5,854 6,915 January... 48, , ,932 3,932 10,475 2,144 5,636 6,835 February... 48, ,317 l6,o64 3,937 10,371 2,155 5,653 6,830 M arch... 48, ,433 16,203 3,964 10,474 2,174 5,704 6,859 49, ,6l4 16,257 3,937 10,619 2,185 5,821 6,881 49, ,790 16,337 3,998 10,604 2,195 5,888 6,918 50, ,928 16,577 4,083 10,715 2,231 5,937 6,911 July... 50, ,032 16,477 4,113 10,707 2,263 5,988 6,722 August... 50, ,088 16,820 4,136 10,713 2,265 5,996 6,687 September.. 50, ,094 16,919 4,148 10,902 2,248 5,971 6,926 October... 51, ,031 17,006 4,121 10,990 2,24l 5,915 7,043 November... 51, ,921 17,052 4,139 11,213 2,238 5,883 '7,033 December Q 2f24i *5,8*«rJt^Sk (Index: = 100I I95U : Average January IO February March M a y J u l y August u o. o September October November December : Average January February March April ' M a y June J uly August September October November December JÜ3.

13 All employees and production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group Year and month Manufacturing division All employees Production workers (In thousands) Durable goods subdivision All Production employees workers Nondurable goods subdivision All employees Production workers Ordnance and accessories All employees Production workers 195^: Average... 15,995 12,589 9,122 7,184 6,873 5,1* January... 16,380 12,960 9,536 7,573 6,81* 5, February*.. 16,265 12,860 9,1*21 7,1*73 6,81* 5, *8.3 M a rch... 16,170 12,766 9,324 7,378 6,846 5, <*. 2 April... 15,9 W 12,51*7 9,207 7,265 6,7^1 5, M a y... 15,781 12,393 9,095 7,163 6,686 5, J u n e... 15,839 12,1*37 9,068 7,130 6,771 5, July... 15,587 12,179 8,812 6,876 6,775 5, August... 15,828 12,420 8,823 6,890 7,005 5, September.. 15,983 12,579 8,891 6,965 7,092 5, October ,016 12,615 9,004 7,080 7,012 5,535 11* November... 16,066 12,659 9,123 7,196 6,943 5,1*63 11* December... 16,055 12,643 9,143 7,214 6,912 5, : Average... 16,557 13,053 9,536 7,538 7,021 5, January... 15,932 12,519 9,113 7,177 6,819 5,31* February... 16,064 12,644 9,219 7,276 6,845 5, March... 16,203 12,770 9,320 7,368 6,883 5,1* April... 16,257 12,809 9,414 7,!*50 6,843 5, M ay... 16,337 12,873 9,496 7,520 6,84l 5,353 lko * June... 16,577 13,078 9,619 7,622 6,958 5,1* *. 2 July... 16,477 12,942 9,507 7,491 6,970 5,1* August... 16,820 13,264 9,582 7,55** 7,238 5, September.. 16,919 13,365 9,61*0 7,612 7,279 5, October... 17,006 13,41*0 9,761 7,721 7,245 5, * November... 17,052 13,487 9,864 7,829 7,188 5, * 88.7 December.. 17,027 13,451 9,886 7,838 7,11*1 5, Food; and Tobacco Textile-mill Apparel and other finkindred products manufactures products ished textile products 195^: Average... 1, , **.7 1, , ,044.0 January... 1,1*49.6 1, , , ,063.6 February... 1, , , , ,089.9 March... 1,1*36.9 1, , , ,103.4 April... 1,1*1*1.6 1, , , ,032.3 Ma y... 1, , , , , , , , J uly... 1, ,15>* , *5.3 1, August... 1, , , , ,051.0 September.. 1, , , , ,054.9 October... 1, , l,o73.1* , ,052.2 November... 1,51*3.1* 1, , , ,055.5 December... 1,1*95.7 1, , , , : Average... l,5w*.7 1, ,075.1* , ,077.3 January... 1,1*36.3 1, , , ,061.2 February... 1,1* , , ,091.6 March... 1,1*25.1* , , ,100.0 April... 1,1*48.0 1, , , ,01(6.2 May... 1,1*77.9 1,01* , , , , ,09>* , , ,01*6.5 July... 1,613.1* 1, l,0li *. 0 1, ,013.4 August... 1, , , , ,087.0 September.. 1, , II8.3 1, , ,100.0 October... 1,61*9.1 1, , , ,108.0 November... 1,584.1* 1, , , ,119.9 December... 1, ,3 100,$.1, *1... 1, XIII

14 Year and month All employ««* and production workers in manufacturing, Lumber and wood procuucts (except furniture) All Production employees workers by major industry group - Continued (In thousands) Furniture and fixtures All employees Production workers Papei? and allied products All employees Production workers Printing, publishing, and allied industries All Production employees workers 195^ : Average January February ^ March April M a y J u n e July... 61* August September ^ October November... 7^ December : Average January ^ February March April I Ma y... 7^ June July August September October l.l November December Chemicals and Products of petroleum Rubber Leather and allied industries and coal products leather products 195^* Average January February M a rch A pril M a y O June J u l y O August I73.I September October November December * Average January February M a rch O April M a y I I.O J u n e O I7.O July I August September October November December XIV

15 All «m p lo y tm and production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group - Continued Year and month Stone, clay, and glass products All employees Production workers (In thousands) Primary metal industries All employees Production workers Fabricated metal products All employees Production workers Machinery (except electrical) All employees Production workers 195^ : Average , , i, ,151.5 January , , , , ,234.4 February , , , , ,224.7 M a r c h , , , , ,206.9 A p ril , , , ,192.4 M a y , , , ,171.6 Ju n e , , , ,156.8 July , , , ,114.4 August , , , ,099.1 September , , , ,102.6 October , , , ,098.8 November , , , ,099.2 December , , , , Average , , , , ,178.3 January , , , , ,117.8 February , , , , ,134.1 M a rch , , , , ,154.6 A pril , , , , ,174.8 M a y , , , , ,185.0 J u n e , , , , ,192.8 J u l y , , , , ,170.7 August , , , , ,166.4 September , , , , ,162.3 October , , , , ,206.0 November , , , , ,225.3 December ,344.1 i,l4l.l 1, , ,249.5 Electrical Transportation Instruments and Miscellaneous manufacmachinery equipment related products turing industries 195^ Average... 1, , , January... 1, , , February... 1, , , M a rch..., 1, l,8l4.6 1, April. 1, , , M a y... /. 1, , , June... 1, , , July... 1, , , August... 1, , , I September.. 1, , , October... 1, , , November... 1, , , December... 1, , ,355* : Average... 1, , , January... 1, , , February... 1, , , March... 1, , , April... 1, , , May... 1, , , June... 1, , , J u l y... 1, , , August... 1, , , September.. 1, , , October... 1, , , November... 1, , , December... 1, , , XV

16 Seasonally A dju sted Data Employ««* in no nag»cultura I establishments, by industry division, Year and month TOTAL Mining seasonally adjusted Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and Wholesale public and retail utilities trade In thousands) Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government (Number : 4Q,6$i 1953 : Avera<« ,622 17, 238 4,221 10,527 2,038 5,53s 6,645 January... 49, , , ,494 2, , 702 February ,669 17,279 4,209 10,504 2, ,213 10,494 2, ,668 April , ,462 4,202 10,496 2, ,649 49, , ,521 2, ,592 49,894 2, ,473 4,238 io,537 2,029 5,546 6,619 49, , ,539 2, ,588 August io,539 2,050 5,538 6,664 September. 49, ,612 17, , ,55 5,568 6,646 October... 49, , , ,552 2, 066 5,585 6, 659 November... 49> , , ,564 2, 060 5,598 6,634 December... 49, , ,658 4,155 10,550 2,068 5, 621 6, : Average... 48, , ,520 2, 122 5,664 6,751 January... 48, ,533 i6, ,562 2,072 5, 606 6,668 February , ,567 2,084 5,613 6, , , ,207 3,986 io,535. 2,087 5,621 6,676 48, , ,094 4,001 10,508 2, 098 5, 626 6,680 48, ,603 15,964 3,995 10,482 2,108 5,630 6,713 48, ,599 15,908 4,001 10,472 2,113 5,656 6,750 48, ,742 3,999 10,504 2,117 5, August... 48, ,594 15> ,503 2,129 5,663 6, 817 September.. 48, ,586 15,739 3,986 10, ,697 6,802 October... 48, ,584 15,830 3,993 10,521 2, ,793 November... 48, , ,979 10,543 2, ,846 December... 48, ,615 16,004 3,980 10, 614 2, (Index: = 100) 1953 : Average January February M a rch ' M a y Ju n e August September II October II November December ; Average January February H i -9 Ma r c h April III III » l i August H September October November December... i n XVI

17 Seasona lly A d j ustcd Data Employ««* in nonagricultural «stablishm«nts, by industry division, Year and month TOTAL Mining 1955 : Average--- January... February... M a rch... April... 49,950 48,820 48,906 49,225 49,403 49,748 50, , 180 2, 624 2, 6l8 2,103 2,152 2, 804 2,815 seasonally adjusted (Number: ,029 16,111 16,240 16,401 16,527 16, 649 Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and Wholesale public and retail utilities trade In thousands) > ,001 4,066 10, ,631 10,645 10,101 10,611 10,126 10,184 Finance, insurance, and real estate 2,215 2,166 2, ,195 2, 209 5,854 5,781 5,798 5, ,830 5,849 Service and miscellaneous Government 6,915 6,845 6,811 6,834 6,856 6,893 6, 922 August... September. October... November... December , ,745 50, l8o , ,822 2, , 6 n 16,683 16,810 16,941 16,975 4,082 4, I 4,110 4, 128 4,136 10,841 10,813 10,902 10,921 io,953 11,020 2, 219 2,232 2, 248 2,252 2,249 2,254 5,871 5,878 5,883 5, , 922 6,946 6^983 1,004 6,960 I.015 : Average... January... February... Ma r c h... Ap ril... Ha y. «*. June... 51,080 51, , 876 2,924 16,944 l6,8l ,083 11, 105 2, ,967 1,042 1, 068 July... August... September.. October... November... December : Average---- January... February... March... Apri1 «... M a y.... J u n e... J u l y... August... September.. October... November... December : Average... January... February... M a rch... Ap ri1... M a y.... J u ne (Index: = 100) l. 2 * I3O i n H I H I I l i i - l I ill. 1 ill I July... August... September. October... November.. December

18 Seasonally A dju sted Data Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted Year and month (Index : Number In thousands) Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Ordnance and division subdivision subdivision accessories Index Number Index Number Index Number Index Number 1953 : Average... H January February April , , , , J u n e , , July , August , , , September , , October , , , November * , , December , , , : Average , , , January * , ,46a February , , , M arch , , April , , M a y , , J u n e , , , July , , August , , , September , October , , November December , , Food and Tobacco Textile-mill Apparel and other finkindred ]products manufactures products ished textile products 1953 : Average , , , 103 J anuary , II February , , , II April * M a y * , , I ll July , I.II August September , October , ,088 November , , ,081 December , , , : Average , J anuary , ,053 February M a rch ,066 April , , ,039 J u n e , XVIII J u l y , ,028 August ,030 September S October , November December ,051

19 Seasonally A djusted Data Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted Year and month (Index » : Number In thousands) Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Ordnance and division subdivision, subdivision accessories Index Number Index Number Index Number Index Number : Average , * J anuary , , , February , , , M a r c h , , , April , , , M a y » , Ju n e * , , July , , , August , , , September » , October * , , November * , , December * , , Q: Average... January , * , February , , , M arch... April... M a y... J u ne... J uly... August... September.. O ctober... November... December... Food and Tobacco Textile-mill Apparel and other finkindred ]3roducts manufactures products ished textile products 1955 Average , ,077 January , ,050 February , *055 March , ,063 April , , , ,085 June , ,091 J u l y , , 061 August *5 1, , 066 September , ,078 October , , 092 November , , 114 December , lió , : Average... January , US ,094 February... March , *093 A pril... M a y... J u n e... July... August... September.. October.... November... December... in

20 Year and month Seasonally A djusted Data Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry seasonally adjusted - Continued group, (Index : Number in thousands) Lumber and wood products Furniture Paper and Printing, publishing, (except furniture) and fixtures allied products and allied industries Index Number _ Index Number Index Number Index Number 1953 : Average January February March April ' J u n e J u l y August September October November December : Average January February M arch April J u n e J u l y August September October November December Chemicals and Products of petroleum Rubber Leather and allied industries and coal proclucts leather products : Average *9 347 January February M a r c h April loi M & y June J u l y August September October November December : Average I January February March April I I June I July I August September I October November O December SSI XX

21 Year and month Seasonally A djusted Data Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry seasonally adjusted - Continued group, (Index : Number in thousands) Lumber and wood products Furniture Paper and Printing, publishing, (except furniture) and fixtures allied products and allied industries Index Number Index Number Index Number Index Number 1955 : Average January g February M a r c h April g îog.o g J u n e log J u l y A ugust H September October November December... go : Average... January g 538 February... go M arch April... M a y... June... July... August. September.. October... November... December... Chemicals and Products of petroleum Rubber Leather and allied inidustries and coal products leather products 1955 : Average à January February M a r c h * April J u n e J u ly August September ' October * 344 November December : Average... January February M a rch... April... J u n e... J u ly... August... September.. October... November... December....JCBL

22 Seasonally A dju sted Data Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted - Continued Year and month (Index * : Number in thousands) Stone, clay, and Primary metal Fabricated metal Machinery (except glass products industries products electrical) Index Number Index Number Index Number Index Number 1953 : Average , *303 January , *325 February , *329 March * i*34i April , * , *323 J u n e , *319 J u l y i*i ,i*3i7 August , *303 September g. 6 1, ,297 O ctober , *283 November , *257 December , , : Average ,152 January g * , 222 February , g ,207 March , , 18g April g i* i ,160 J u n e ,146 July ,131 August , 127 September * ,131 October.. ^ ,121 November g8i ,110 December ,10 7 Electrical Transportation Instruments and Miscellaneous manufacmachi nery equi]pment related 1products turing industries 1953 Average * J anuary i * February , March i, April , g June , July , August i * September I48 r 2 1, October I47.O 1* November I4I.4 1, December I45-2 1, : Average , January , February i*43i March ,405 n g April , M a y S i * J une , _XXII J u l y , August , ^9 September , October , November i*3 i December i *

23 Seasonally A djusted Data Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted - Continued Year and month (Index «100: Number in thousands) Stone, clay, and Primary metal Fabricated metal Machinery (except glass products industries products e lectrical) Index Number Index Number Index Number Index Number 1955 : Average , ,118 January I , 101 February , i, i i l M a r c h , , 138 April , , , i* il3 J u n e , g 1, 181 J u l y , ,18g August io7. 2 1, , ig6 September.. 10g ,118 i l l ,192 October... îog.o , *231 November... 10g * *231 December... log * g.4 1, : Average... January * g.g 1,24g February , *255 March... April... June... July... August... September.. October... November... December... Electrical Transportation Instruments and Miscellaneous manufacmachi nery equijament related products turing industries 1955 : Average i * January i * February I-0 1, March I , Affril I i * M a y ,426 i n J u n e , July... 12g I 1,388 H I August *348 H I September *324 i l l October i * November , December g i*4li : Average... January I 1, February * March... April*... > J u n e... J u l y... August... September.. O ctober... November.. December... XXIII

24 All em ployees and production workers in n on agricu ltu ral establishments, by industry i In thousands) All emt>loyees Production workers Industry February January February January 1<3S6... TOTAL... 50,246 50,284 - MINING METAL MINING *8 ANTHRACITE BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services) NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... 2,588 2, NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION... 2,189 2, GENERAL CONTRACTORS SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS... 1, , Plumbing and heating Painting and decorating Other special-trade contractors MANUFACTURING... 16,824 16,842 13,212 13,260 DURABLE GOODS... 9,776 9,811 7,692 7,751 NONDURABLE GOODS... 7,048 7,031 5,520 5,509 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... 1, , , , Dairy products I l4l.l I Bakery products Confectionery and related products H O TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Tobacco stemming and redrying

25 All em ployees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) All employees Production workers Industry February January February January TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS... 1,081.4 I o.o Knitting mills Dyeing and finishing textiles Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... 1, , , , Men's and b o y s furnishings and work clothing , Miscellaneous apparel and accessories lll.l LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Sawmills and planing mills Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Office, public-building, and professional Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures... * Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Bookbinding and related industries Miscellaneous publishing and printing

26 All em ployees and production workers in n on agricu ltu ral establishments, by industry - Continued Industry (In thousands)... "1 All employees Production workers February January February January CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial organic chemicals Drugs and medicines Soap, cleaning and polishing preparations , Gum and wood chemicals Fertilizers Vegetable and animal oils and fats Miscellaneous chemicals PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Coke, other petroleum and coal products RUBBER PRODUCTS LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Industrial leather belting and packing Boot and shoe cut stock and findings Luggage Handbags and small leather goods Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass products made of purchased glass Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES... 1, , ,138.4 l,l4l.0 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i lls Primary smelting and refining of Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Nonferrous foundries Miscellaneous primary metal industries

27 All em ployees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued Industry (In thousands) February All employees January February Production workers January FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)... 1, , Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and Fabricated structural metal products Metal stamping, coating, and engraving Lighting fixtures l Miscellaneous fabricated metal products MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)... 1, , , ,261.3 Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors Special-industry machinery (except General industrial machinery Office and store machines and devices » Service-industry and household machines Miscellaneous machinery parts l6.1 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY... 1, , Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Insulated wire and cable Electrical equipment for vehicles Communication equipment *5 Miscellaneous electrical products TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 1, , , , I Aircraft propellers and parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Boatbuilding and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Laboratory, scientific, and engineering Mechanical measuring and controlling 84.8 Optical instruments and lenses Surgical, medical, and dental BCVII

28 All em ployees and production workers in n on agricu ltu ral establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) All employees Production workers Industry February January February January 1 Q % MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Musical instruments and parts Pens, pencils, other office supplies Costume jewelry, buttons, notions TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U TILITIE S... 4,083 4, ,712 2,719 1, , , , _ Trucking and warehousing Air transportation (common carrier) COMMUNICATION _ OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES «Gas and electric utilities Electric light and gas utilities _. Local utilities, not elsewhere WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE... 10,819 10, WHOLESALE TRADE... 2,924 2,925 - Wholesalers, full-service and limited- 1, , U Groceries, food specialties, beer, Electrical goods, machinery, hardware, «mm Other full-service and limited-function , , RETAIL TRADE... General merchandise stores... 7,895 1, ,995 1,397.0 Department stores and general mail-order Other general merchandise stores , ,545.8.» Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets... 1, , Dairy-product stores and dealers «Other food and liquor stores Automotive and accessories dealer? _ _ 3, , _ XXVIII

29 All em ployees and production workers in nonagricultural Industry establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) All em ployees February January February Production workers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE... 2,250 2,238 Banks and trust companies Security dealers and exchanges Insurance carriers and agents Other finance agencies and real estate SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS... 5,818 5, Hotels and lodging places... Personal services: January GOVERNMENT... 7,084 7,033 - FEDERAL... 2,160 2,156 STATE AND LOCAL... 4,924 4,877-1/ Beginning with January, class I railroads Include only those having a^nna.1 operating revenues of $3,000,000 or more. Oils class formerly included all railroads having annual operating revenues of $1,000,000 or more. JgK..

30 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees MINING: Industry February t Average weekly January 1056 Average weekly hours January Average hourly February January METAL MINING... $96.48 * I ANTHRACITE BITUMINOUS-COAL O CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: Petroleum and natural-gas production NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING l I CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTORS SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS Electrical w o r k MANUFACTURING i.o NONDURABLE GOODS ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Dairy products I.72 I I Canning and preserving I Sea i ood, canned and cured Canned fruits, vegetables, and soups o.l I I.81 Plour and other grain-mill products I.85 I I.70 I I Bread and other bakery products I.8I 1.79 Biscuits, crackers, and pretzels o.l

31 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry February Averagiî weekly ear] nings January Average weekly hours February January Average hourly earn ings February FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued *78.88 *8o.o* * *1.91 *1.87 Cane-sugar refining * *0.9 * * 2.07 Beet sugar * Confectionery and related products } i.*7 l.* *0.7 * * *9 Distilled, rectified, and blended * Miscellaneous food products *1.5 * Corn sirup, sugar, oil, and starch *1.1 * *5.2 *5.1 l.*9 l.*7 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES ) Cigars A * Tobacco and snuff * 37.1 l.* Tobacco stemming and redrying * TEXT 1LE-HILL PRODUCTS *0.5 *0.* Scouring and combing plants *2.* * Yarn and thread m i lls *0.2 * * *0.5 * Thread mills * Broad-woven fabric mills *1.0 * Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber *0.8 * *0.8 * *0.8 * * Narrow fabrics and smallwares *0.6 *0.* 1.43 l.*3 Knitting m i ll? Pull-fashioned hosiery * * * 1.53 Seamless hosiery * * Knit outerwear l.*3 l.* * * *2.2 * Dyeing and finishing textiles (except w o o l ) *2.2 * Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings... 7h.76 75** *2.* Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet yarn * Hats (except cloth and millinery) *0.5 * * Pelt goods (except woven felts and 72. > *0.0 * * 38.* Paddings and upholstery filling * Processed waste and recovered fibers *2.3 *1.* 1.2* 1.25 Artificial leather, oilcloth, and other coated fabrics *4.0 * * 39.8 * * 1.44 January J3SL

32 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Jèbtfxazy.. Average weekly January Average weekly hours February January Average hourly February January APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED ""EXTILE PRODUCTS... $51.61 * *1.38 *1.38 Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings and work ^ Separate trousers Women's, children's under garments Underwear and nightwear, except corsets Corsets and allied garments i.4o o Miscellaneous apparel and accessories Other fabricated textile products Curtains, draperies, and other house LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) o.l Sawmills and planing mills, general o.o Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated l.l l FURNITURE AND FIXTURES l.o Wood household furniture, except o Wood household furniture, upholstered Office, public-building, and professional furniture Partitions, shelving, lockers, and 8o.4o Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furni o.l j s s ï l.

33 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly February January i<«6 Average weekly hours February January Average hourly February 1<*6 January PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... *79.85 $ $1.87 $ Fiber cans, tubes, and drums PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Miscellaneous publishing and printing CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Soap, cleaning and polishing Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and Fertilizers Vegetable and animal oils and fats Vegetable oils Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Petroleum refining Coke, other petroleum and coal products RUBBER PRODUCTS O I LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Industrial leather belting and packing Boot and shoe cut stock and findings XXXIII

34 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average* weekly earnipgs T.ferauy ' January ion6 Average weekly hours February January lopfi Aver»je? hourly February 10*6 January lqftf LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued $60.83 $ $1.58 $1.57 Handbags and small leather goods Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass Glass products made of purchased glass Brick and hollow tile Floor and wall tile , Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete products ? Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, except electrometallurgical Electrometallurgical products Malleable-iron foundries T Steel foundries Primary smelting and refining of Primary smelting and refining of T Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing and alloying of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Rolling, drawing, and alloying of aluminum Miscellaneous primary metal industries Welded and he&vy-riveted pipe SBL

35 Hours and grow of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT). Tin cans and other tinware... Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware... Cutlery and edge tools... Hand tools... Hardware... Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' supplies... Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies... Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere classified Fabricated structural metal products... Structural steel and ornamental metal w o r k... Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and t r i m Boiler-shop products Sheet-metal w ork... Metal stamping, coating, and engraving... Vitreous-enameled products... Stamped and pressed metal products... Lighting fixtures... Fabricated wire products... Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, and pails... Steel springs... Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets... Screw-machine products... MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Engines and turbines... Steam engines, turbines, and water wheels... Diesel and other internal-combu*tlon engines, not elsewhere classified... Ag ricultural machinery and tractors... Tractors... Agricultural machinery (except tractors)... Construction and mining machinery... Construction and mining machinery, except for oil fields... Oil-field machinery and tools;*... Metalworking machinery... Machine tools... Metalworking machinery (except machine tools )... Machine-tool accessories... Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery)... Food-products machinery... Textile machinery... Paper-industries machinery... Printing-trade» machinery and equipment. Average weekly earning! Ittbrauy IMfi 02.3«79.37 p.69 « *> S $ 8 9L.3t ' >.tt.66 9C Í 8 t.it 5* t.lt «9* U J.13 ft.6 t xu.tr Jtamry -199S 83* I?* a 85.2B 85.flB « a n *» «9L g.» 106. JCL 105.it & 5 : 2 * Average weekly hours Trntoruarf January _ 1 2 S K t t : as Average hourly fetwrtiary..h * * January 1996 $ » m y..

36 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly February January Average weekly hours February January Average hourly February January MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued General industrial machinery... $91.81 $ $2.15 $ Conveyors and conveying equipment Blowers, exhaust and ventilating fans * Industrial trucks, tractors, e t c k 2.1k Mechanical power-transmission equipment Mechanical stokers and industrial &T Office and store machines and devices Computing machines and cash registers Service-^industry and household machines Commercial laundry, dry-cleaning, and k k 2.12 Refrigerators and air-conditioning Miscellaneous machinery parts Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves Ball and roller bearings k Machine shops (Job and repair) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus k 2.0k Carbon and graphite products Electrical indicating, measuring, and Motors, generators, and motor-generator Power and distribution transformers Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial k 2.0k OI k I k Radios, phonographs, television sets, I Telephone, telegraph, and related Miscellaneous electrical products Primary batteries (dry and w e t ) X-ray and non-radio electronic tubes , X3XVI

37 Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly February 1<W6 January- Average weekly hours February January IQ *56 Average hourly February 19*56 January TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... $09-38 $ *0.6 $2.2* $ % Motor vehicles, bodies, parts, and Truck and bus bodies *0.8 * Trailers (truck and automobile) * *2.0 * *1.7 * Aircraft engines and parts *2.* * Aircraft propellers and parts *1.8 * Other aircraft parts and equipment *2.5 * * 2.25 Ship and boat building and repairing , Boatbuilding and repairing *0.* * Railroad equipment *0.* * * Locomotives and parts V9 *2.9 * Railroad and street car« * Other transportation equipment *0.3 * INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS *1.0 *0.8 I Laboratory, scientific, and engineering instruments *1.7 * Mechanical measuring and controlling *1.3 * Optical instrument? and lenses *0.* * Surgical, medical, ana dental instruments *0.8 * * 1.73 Ophthalmic goods *1.1 * Photographic apparatus *1.2 * Watches and clocks * MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES *0.6 * *2.2 * Jewelry and findings *2.3 * Silverware and plated w a r e *2.0 * Musical instruments and parts *1.* * Toys and sporting goods * Games, toys, dolls, and dhildren's * Sporting and athletic goods Pens, pencils, other office supplies *1.2 * Costume jewelry, buttons, notions *0.2 *0.* *0.9 * Other manufacturing industries *0.6 *0.* raxvtt

38 Hours and gross of production w o ik t n or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly February January Average weekly hours February January Average hourly February January TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U TILITIES: TRANSPORTATION: $ *1.3 $2.12 $ * COHHUN1CATION: * 1.8* 1.86 Switchboard operating employees J l Line construction, installation, and * * o t h e r'public u t i l i t i e s: Gas and electric utilities *1.* *1.* * * 2.05 Electric light and gas utilities combined * WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: WHOLESALE TRADE *0.6 I RETAIL TRADE (EXCEPT FAT INS AND DRINKING PLACES) ** * 1.5* Department stores and general mailorder houses * Automotive and accessories dealers * I * Other retail trade: * Lumber and hardware supply stores * FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: > SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Personal services: Motion pictures: Motion-picture production and distri *1.0 * *0.1 * * / Beginning with January, class I railroad«include only those having annual operating revenue«of $3,000,000 or more. This class formerly Included all railroads having annual operating revenues of $1,000,000 or more. 2 j Data relate to employees In such occupations in tbs telephone Industry as switchboard operators; scrvice assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. During 1955 such employees made up *1 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and data. 3/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office crafts»«*; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1955 such employees made up 26 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and data, */ Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis. 5/ Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included.,xmix i.

39 Tobl«A-1: Employ««* in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division Year and month TOTAL Mining (In thousands) Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and* public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government Anaya; averatfej ,829 1,124 1,021 10,534 3,711 4,664 1,050 2,054 2, ,088 1, ,53* 3,998 4,623 1,110 2,142 2, , ,012 8,132 3,459 4,75* 1,097 2,187 2, , ,185 8,986 3,505 5,084 1,079 2,268 2, ,128 1,203 1,229 10,155 3,882 5,494 1,123 2,431 2, *.. 27,770 1,092 1,321 9,523 3,806 5,626 1,163 2,516 2, ,505 1,080 1,446 9,786 3,824 5,810 1,166 2,591 2, ,539 1,176 1,555 9,997 3,9*0 6,033 1,235 2,755 2, ,691 1,105 1,608 9,839 3,891 6,165 1,295 2,871 2, ,710 1,041 1,606 9,786 3,822 6,137 1,360 2,962 2, ,041 1,078 1,497 10,534 3,907 6,401 1,431 3,127 3, ,143 1,000 1,372 9,401 3,675 6,064 1,398 3,084 3, , ,214 8,021 3,243 5,531 1,333 2,913 3, , ,797 2,80* *,907 1,270 2,682 3, , ,258 2,659 *,999 1,225 2,614 3, *.. 25, ,346 2,736 5,552 1,247 2,784 3, , ,907 2,771 5,692 1,262 2,883 3, ,80S 937 1,145 9,653 2,956 6,076 1,313 3,060 3, ,718 1,006 1,112 10,606 3,11* 6,5*3 1,355 3,233 3,7* ,90e 882 1,055 9,253 2,840 6, *53 1,347 3,196 3, , ,150 10,078 2,912 6,612 1,399 3,321 3,995 19*0.. 32, ,294 10,780 3,013 6,9*0 1,*36 3,477 *,202 19*1.. 36,220 9*7 1,790 12,97* 3,248 7, *16 1,480 3,705 *,660 19*2.. 39, ,170 15,051 3,433 7,333 1,469 3,857 5, *83 19*3.. 42, ,567 17,381 3,619 7,189 1,435 3,919 6,080 19**.. 41, ,094 17,111 3,798 7,260 1,409 3,934 6,0*3 19*5.. 40, ,132 i5,3oe 3,872 7,522 1,428 4,011 5,9** 19*6.. 41, ,661 14,461 4,023 8,602 1,619 4,474 5,595 19*7.. 43, ,982 15,290 4,122 9,196 1,672 4,783 5,*7* 19*8.. 44, ,169 15,321 4,141 9,519 1,741 *,925 5,650 19*9.. 43, ,165 14,178 3,9*9 9,513 1,765 *,972 5, , ,333 14,967 3,977 9,6*5 1,824 5,077 6, , ,603 16,104 *,166 10,012 1,892 5,26* 6, , ,634 16,334 *,185 10,281 1,967 5, *11 6, , ,622 17,238 *,221 10,527 2,038 5,538 6,6*5 195*.. 48, ,593 15,995 4,009 10,520 2,122 5,664 6, , ,780 16,557 4,056 10,803 2,215 5,854 6, January. 48, ,362 15,932 3,932 10,475 2,144 5,636 6,835 February.. 48, ,317 16,064 3,937 10,371 2,155 5,653 6,830 March. 48, ,433 16,203 3,964 10,474 2,174. 5,704 6,859 49, ,614 16,257 3,937 10,619 2,185 5,821 6,881 May... 49, ,790 16,337 3,998 10,604 2,195 5,888 6,918 50, ,928 16,577 4,083 10,715 2,231 5,937 6,911 50, ,032 16,477 4,113 10,707 2,263 5,988 6,722 August... 50, ,088 16,820 4,136 10,713 2,265 5,996 6,687 September. 50, ,094 16,919 4,148 10,902 2,248 5,971 6,926 October... 51, ,031 17,006 4,121 10,990 2,241 5,915 7,043 November.. 51, ,921 17,052 4,139 11,213 2,238 5,883 7,033 December. 51, ,756 17,027 4,161 11,849 2,243 5,853 7,324 : January... 50, ,588 16,842 4,083 10,920 2,238 5,803 7,033 February.. 50, ,588 16,824 4,083 10,819 2,250 5,818 7,084 March... 50, ,669 16,764 4,106 10,931 2,265 5,859 7,122 50, ,847 16,759 4,120 10,922 2,279 5,978 7,109

40 Industry fm p L v t k ' n t Table A-2: All em ployees and production workers in n on a gricu ltu ral establishments, by industry i In thousands) All employees5 Production workers Industry 1?5t> Î? April March April April I March Auril TOTAL... 50,803 50,499 *9,073 - MINING METAL MINING Iron mining Lead and zinc mining * *.5 ANTHRACITE I 31.7 BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services) * NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING * 106.* CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... 2,847 2,669 2,61* NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION *57 Highway and street * _ Other nonbuilding construction BUILDING CONSTRUCTION... 2,368 2,244 2, GENERAL CONTRACTORS * SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS... 1, , ,272.* Plumbing and heating Painting and decorating _ Electrical work _ Other special-trade contractors ** MANUFACTURING... 16,759 16,764 16,257 13,113 13,125 12,809 DURABLE GOODS... 9,783 9,730 9,*1* 7,671 7,621 7,450 NONDURABLE GOODS... 6,976 7,034 6,8*3 5, **2 5,504 5,359 2 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES *1.9 8* FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... 1, , ,**8.0 1, , ,016.1 Meat products * Canning and preserving * Grain-mill products * I69.O Confectionery and related products ** Beverages * U 6.5 Miscellaneous food products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Tobacco and snuff * Tobacco stemming and redrying *

41 Table A-2: A ll em ployees and production w orkers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued Industry TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS... Scouring and combing p lants... Yarn and thread mills... Broad-woven fabric m i lls... Narrow fabrics and smallwares.... Knitting mills... Dyeing and finishing textiles... Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings... Hats (except cloth and millinery... Miscellaneous textile goods... (In thousands) All employeef April.. March 1, , * 1*62.5 1* * U. 0 61*.3 _125S_ April 1, * * Production workers A w i l March *36.6 * *5.3 * *.* 3ZP.- April * ** **.* 11.1* 53.7 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... Men's and b o y s suits and coats... Men's and boys' furnishings and work clothing... Women's outerwear... W o m e n 's, children's under garments... Millinery... Children's outerwear... Fur goods... Miscellaneous apparel and accessories.. Other fabricated textile products... 1, * ,21*8.1* , * * 1, * * * 5.3 5* , *3.3 lll*.l* * , 01* * LUMBER AND WOOb PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)... Logging camps and contractors... Sawmills and planing m i lls... Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products... Wooden containers... Miscellaneous wood products... FURNITURE AND FIXTURES... Household furniture... Office, public-building, and professional furniture... Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures... *... Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furniture and fixtures... PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... Pulp, paper, and paperboards mills... Paperboard containers and boxes... Other paper and allied products... PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES... Newspapers... Periodicals... B o o k s... Commercial printing... Lithographing... Greeting cards... Bookbinding and related industries... Miscellaneous publishing and printing services * *7.1* * *.1* 81* *6.1* * * (8.1* *1* * * * I * l.l* 17.6 * *8.1* * * * *6.8 15* * * * 3* * *.8 5** * * * &2.1* 7* * * *1* * 1* * *

42 ndustry fmplovnu'nt n m f f l B Table A-2* All employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In t h ousands) "... 1 All employees Production workers Industry !56 1Q W Anrll Iferfh April ÀDrll Marsh Auril CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS * Industrial inorganic chemicals ;8 102.* * Soap, cleaning and polishing preparations... *9.6 *9.7 *9.* *.5 7* *7.0 *6.9 * * Fertilizers... *8. 5 *5.5 * *0.3 * Miscellaneous chemicals *.7 6* PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL * Coke, other petroleum and coal products O.7 *1.5 *1.8 *1.1 RUBBER PRODUCTS * * * LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS * **.l Leather: tanned, curried, and finished... **.6 **.9 **.7 *0.2 *0.3 *0.2 Industrial leather belting and packing * Boot and shoe cut stock and findings * * * * 2* Luggage * *.0 Handbags and small leather goods * Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS * *77.7 *72.2 *52.3 3*.* * Glass and glassware, pressed or blown * Glass products made of purchased glass *.8 *2.9 *2.3 * * Structural clay products * 5*.2 *9.7 *9.0 *8.1 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products * Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral * * PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES... 1,3*9.1 1,3*2.5 1, , , ,062.8 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling 665.* * 620.* *2.3 2* * 2 U Primary smelting and refining of 68.0 Secondary smelting and refining of 67.* *.9 5* Rolling, drawing, and alloying of * * * *.l 6*.5 Miscellaneous primary metal industries * *

43 Table A-2: All e m ployees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) All employees Production workers Industry April March April April March April FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)... 1, , ,09*.5 89* * Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware... 15* * Heating apparatus (except electric) and 12*.2 12* Fabricated structural metal products Metal stamping, coating, and engraving... 2*1.1 2*0.8 2** Lighting fixtures... *7.8 * Fabricated wire products * Miscellaneous fabricated metal products * MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)... 1,73*.0 1, , , , ,174.8 Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors * Ilk Construction and mining machinery... 15* k Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery) * General industrial machinery * Office and store machines and devices * Service-industry and household machines.. 20* * Miscellaneous machinery parts *.2 2* ELECTRICAL MACHINERY... 1,19**5 1, , kl Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus.. * *3.* *3.1 kl.l 3k Electrical equipment for vehicles * *3.* 5*2.5 * * Miscellaneous electrical products * TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 1, , ,8*6.3 1, , , *0.6 92* I *90.* *85.5 * * Aircraft engines and parts * * Aircraft propellers and parts... 1*.9 1* Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing * Boatbuilding and repairing * * *7.* k Other transportation equipment k 6.5 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS * Laboratory, scientific, and engineering 6*.* k.9 Mechanical measuring and controlling 8*.7 8* Optical instruments and lenses * Surgical, medical, and dental *2.6 * O *7 65.* *.9 * k *

44 InductI y hnploynu'iiî Table A-2: A ll employees and production workers in nonagricultural stabliskmonts, b y industry - Continued (In thousands) All employees Production workers Industry 1955 isp t 1955 April March Auril Auril March Apr11 M 1SCELLANEOUS HANUFACTUR1NQ 1NDUSTR1ES *91.0 * ^ Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware * 41.5 *2.3 *1.0 Musical instruments and parts * * Pens, pencils, other office supplies * Costume jewelry, buttons, notions l.l * I Other manufacturing industries * * TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S... *,120 *,106 3, TRANSPORTATION... 2,737 2,729 2,6*8 _ 1, , , ,0*8.1 1,0*1.2 1, *.9 7* Other transportation and services... 6*6.8 6*3.* *3.3 *3.2 *3.* Air transportation (common carrier)... 12* COMMUNICATION * *2.6 *2.6 *2.* _ OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES _ 579 Gas and electric utilities * *9.* 2* *3.3 1* * Electric light and gas utilities Local utilities, not elsewhere * WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE... 10,922 10,931 10, WHOLESALE TRADE... 2,921 2,926 2,805 Wholesalers, full-service and limited- 1, , , * Groceries, food specialties, beer, _. Electrical goods, machinery, hardware, *51.* **9.* *2*.5 _ Other full-service and limited-function 8*1.9 8* *» 1,21*.5 1, , RETAIL TRADE... 8,001 8,005 7,81* _ General merchandise stores... 1,368.3 l,38*.l 1, Department stores and general mail-order Other general merchandise stores... *85.8 *9*.* 52*.* _ Food and liquor stores... 1, , , Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets... 1, , ,017.* Dairy-product stores and dealers *. 6 _ Other food and liquor stores *.8 _. _ _ _ - 3, , , Furniture and appliance stores... 38* *.1 33*.* ,

45 Table A -2 : A ll employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued f / Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers April M arch April Auril March April FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE... 2,279 2,265 2, _ - _ Insurance carriers and agents... 81*.* 81* Other finance agencies and real estate SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS... 5,978 5,859 5,821 1*85.0 *67.7 *8* Personal services: _ 165 A 163.* 16*.* GOVERNMENT... 7,109 7,122 6, FEDERAL... 2,168 2,162 2,153 _ STATE AND LOCAL... *,9*1 *,960 *,728 - Table A -3 Ï Indexes of production-woifcer employment and weekly payroll in manufacturing Production-woi ker employment Production-worker Year Production-woi ker e»dlootient Production-worker Year Number Index payroll index and Number Index payroll index (in thousands) ( » 100) ( «100) month (in thousands) ( = 100) ( * 100 ) , , Jan... 12, , Fob... 12, ,85* M a r... 12, ,01* 121.* 99.0 Apr... 12, *, May... 12,873 10* ,86* 10* J une.. 13, , , * 97.7 J u l y.. 12,9*2 10* , Aug... 13,261» S e p t.. 13, Oct... 13,** ^ , , Nov... 13,* , * D e c... 13,* ,1** , J a n... 13,260 10Î*S k... 12, Feb... 13, , Mar... 13, Apr... 13,

46 Shipyards Table A-4: Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region (In thousands) Region 1/ 1955 April March February January April ALL REGIONS... 20* PRIVATE YARDS HAVY YARDS * * NORTH ATLANTIC * *5.3 * SOUTH ATLANTIC * *.* GULF: PACIFIC k lk GREAT LAKES: INLAND: * * / The North Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Connecticut» Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Mew Jersey, Mew York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The South Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the following States: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following States: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The Inland region includes all other yards. 2/ Data include Curtis Bay Coast Guard Yard. 8

47 Tabi* A - 5: Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel Unit of Government TOTAL C IV ILIA N EMPLOYMENT i/. FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT 2/. Executive... Department of Defense.. Post Office Department. Other agencies... Legislative... Judicial... DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3/. Executive... Department of Defense.. Post Office Department. Other agencies... Legislative... Judicial... STATE AND LOCAL EMPLOYMENT. State. Local. Education. Other... TOTAL MILITARY PERSONNEL 4/. Army... Air Force... N avy... Marine Corps. Coast Guard.. (In thousands) M " APrU March J a nuary 7,109 7,122 7,08* 7,033 2,168 2, , * * lll.l *,9* ,671.* 2, ,865 1,05* , * I.9 * *,960 1, , , , ,879 1,064.* * * 29.I 2,160 2,13*.0 1, * * *,92* ,66*.l , ,893 1, * * ,156 2, , * U *,877 1, , , , ,908 1, April 6,881 2, , *, , ,51*.9 2, , ,065 1, / Data refer to Continental United States only. 2/ Data are prepared by the Civil Service Commission. 3/ Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia counties). 4/ Data refer to Continental United States and elsewhere.

48 St jie I mployrrk nt Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State (In thousands) State TOTAL Mining Contract construction 195b A _ Apr. ifer. Ap t. Aur. Mar. Acr» Apr- Mar. Apr. Alabama * *. 7 1*.0 15.k lk.2 3* * 216.* 1*. 9 lk *,1*7.2 *, ,9** *32.6 *25.7 *20.1 l*.l 13.9 lk.o (1/) (i/) (!/) *2.5 ko.8 kl.3 Delaware District of Columbia... *9*. 2 *92.0 *90.8 (2/) (2/) (2/) k 17.2 Florida * *9.2 T.b Georgia... 9*9.2 9* k.9 k.8 k k k9.k k.6 k.6 k.k k Illinois... 3,*2*.* 3, *18.* 3, Indiana... 1,*03.* 1, , lo.k 10. k Iowa... 6* k 29.I 5*6.7 5**. 8 5* ko.o 37. k 37.3 Kentucky kl.6 kl k5.1 Maine k 8* , , ,767.2 (2/) (2/) (2/) Michigan... 2, , ,* *7.* 8* k7.0 k2.5 k * lk.k Missouri... 1, ,280.* 1, k * k * k * * 5.k 5.k k New Hampshire * Hew Jersey... 1,867.* 1, ,822.1 k.l k.o k.l k 18*. 5 l8* I5.k 15.6 lk.5 lk.l 13.8 lk.7 5, , , , ,039.* 1, k.o k 8. 7 k7.7 k k.9 6.k 3, ,08*.3 3, lk7.5 lk k. 0 5k Oregon... *68.1 *5*.0 * , , , k k ( /) (2/) (2/) k 29.2 South Dakota k 2.k 6.8 k (3/) (3/) (3/) kl.8 k6.o Texas... 2,3*3.2 2, , O 12k Utah lk.l l k l.k l.k l.k k 3.6 9* * k Washington * k k2.6 ko 9 k5.7 West Virginia... *81.0 *77.5 * , , U *. 0 1,085.9 k.l k.o k.o k. k 52.1 Wyoming 5/ * See footnotes at end of table. 10

49 State Tabi* A-6: Employ*««in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and Stato - Continued (In thousand«) Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Apr ! Mar. Apr. Apr«Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar Apr. 2*1.* 2* k-9.3 * 1.* 1* * *.* k * *. 5 28* *. 7 7^.3 7*.* California... 1, , , ^ * *. 6 kk * *33.8 *29.8 *13.8 U * 1.* * *0.6 1* * * * * *.3 23.* 21.* 15-k ^ , ,287.6 l,23*.l l*.* l6* * 16*.* * * ** *3.2 1*3.2 1* ** * ^ *. 1 25* Massachusetts * , , , * *7*. 2 * *. 3 10*.l 10* * *. 5 12* * 18.* * *0.6 * h I * *8.1 1*5.9 33^ * *1.6 39*9 1, ,91*.0 1,873.7 ^92.3 *91.0 *81.3 1, , ,280.0 North Carolina... *5*. 5 *57.5 ** * * Ohio... 1, ,366.* 1, b Oklahoma * * *7.1 * ,*72.5 1,*72.1 1,* k * ** * 2*.l k (3/) * (3/) 59.* *7.8 (3/) *63.* *65.0 * * * Utah * Vermont Virginia *9.2 2* * * Vest Virginia * *.7 *59.0 *63.9 ** *. 9 7*. 2 23k * Wyoming 5/ *.2 1** * 17.5 See footnotes at end of table X L

50 St jto im p! o \ m e n t State Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State - Continued (In thou»and») Finance, Insurance, Service and and real estate miscellaneous Government Apr. Mir. Apr. Apr. tfar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr *7-5 *3.2 Arkansas k * Connecticut... *5.9 * Delaware l*.l District of Columbia 5/... 2k *9.5 Florida k lk9.k Georgia k * Idaho... k.5 k.5 k Illinoi I73.k k. k 3*5.9 3** k8.k * k k *2.6 * k * Michigan k * kl ko * k * Missouri k I Nebraska kk.7 k *.5 1* k *7.3 *7.* *5.6 k k k k 7*3.2 7*2.8 72*.l k * k.9 k.9 k lk.8 lk * *6.9 3** k * * * k 40.5 ko.2 ko.k > 7 k * 30.1 (3/) (3/) *. 7 3*1.8 Utah k *.8 5* * 3.k Virginia 5/... * * *.2 3k *8.5 1*8.6 1* ko.8 ki k * 1/ Mining combined with construction. 2/ MLning combined with service. 3/ Wot available, 4/ Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data. 5/ Federal employment in Maryland and Virginia portions of Washington, D. C., Metropolitan area included in data for District of Columbia. 12

51 A l u! Tcibl«A -7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division Area and industry division (In thousands) Number of employees Number of employees 19* Area and Industry 1955 Apr. division Mar. Apr.... Apr. Mar. Apr. ALABAMA CALIFORNIA Birmingham Fresno Total Manufac tur ing Mining... 9-k Contract construction Los Angeles-Long Beach Total , OPk Trane, and pub. util k 14.7 C v/vw 1 Ik. 5 1*.5 Trade... * Contract construction * Manuf ac tur ing Trans, and pub. util Government Trade... 4^6.7 4^ * Service * * Mobile Government... 22*.* 22*.* 21*. 6 Total Contract construction k Sacramento Manufacturing Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util , Trade San Bernardino- Finance Rivers ide-ontario Service 1/...; Manufacturing c P7 (O San Diego ARIZONA Total... Phoenix 193.* Contract construction Trans, and pub. util Manufacturing * Trans. and pub. util A Finance Trade Service CJ O 22.8 Finance Government... *3.3 *3.3 kl 4J..O A Service Government San Franc i s c 0-Oakland Total... Mining Contract construction. Manufac tur ing... Total Tucson Contract construction Mining Manufacturing Contract construction k Trans, and pub. util Manufacturing * Trans, and pub. util... k Trade * Finance Government k 9.k 8.5 San Jose Total... 11*.* ABKANSAS Mining Little Rock- Contract construction N. Little Rock Manufacturing Total Trans, and pub. util Contract construction... 5.k Manufacturing Trans. and pub. util Trade Service If Stockton See footnotes at end of table. 1 1

52 Arca hnployment Area and Industry division Table A -7: Employ«««in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued COLORADO Denver Total * 2*6.* 2* Contract construction **.8 *3.9 *2.1 Trans. and pub. util *.2 3* *o.o CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Total Contract construction 1/ 5.3 * Manufacturing Trans. and pub. util Hartford Total Contract construction 1/ Trans, and pub. util *0.6 * New Britain Total... **.* * Contract construction 1 / Manufacturing Trans. and pub. util * * 2.* 2.3 New Haven Total Contract construction 1/ *6.9 *6.8 *5.8 Trans, and pub. util * * Stamford Total... *9.6 *8.9 *8.8 Contract construction 1/ Trans. and pub. util See footnotes at end of table. (In thousands) Number of employees 1955 Area and industry Arar. Mar. Arar. division Stamford - Continued Number of emp Loyees Arar. Mar. Apr * Waterbury Contract construction 1 / **.3 *0.3 *2.5 Trans, and pub. util * Finance... 1.* 1.* 1.3 Service... *.5 *.* * *.9 DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington Contract construction..* *5.8 *3.8 *2.1 Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util... *3.1 *3.0 * * *.* FLORIDA Jacksonville 12* II8.7 Contract construction Manufacturing...«. 19.* Trans, and pub. util... 1*.9 1* * 10.* Miami 2* *. 1 Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util * 31.* * *.3 50.* 1* *6.* Tampa-St. Petersburg 1*3.5 1* Contract construction... 1*.0 l*.l 12.8 Manufacturing * 25.* 2*. 5 Trans, and pub. util *7.7 *9.2 * *

53 Table A -7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued (In thousands) Number of emp] oyees Number of eon>loyees Area and industry 19! 6 Ì955 Area and Industry 1955 division Apr. Mar. Apr. division Apr. Mar. Apr. GEORGIA Fort Wayne - Continued Atlanta Trans, and pub. util Total Trade Contract construction Finance Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Trade Indianapolis Finance Total Contract construction Manuf actur lng Trans, and pub. util Savannah Total Finance IS *5 Contract construction Service 3/ Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util South Bend Trade Total Finance Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util IDAHO Finance Boise Service 3 / Total Contract construction * Manufacturing IOWA Trans, and pub. util Des Moines 4/ Trade > 7 *5 Q 6.2 Total J.7Q Contract construction Service Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util ILLINOIS Service 1/ Chicago Government Total... 2, , ,503.9 Mining Contract construction KANSAS Manufacturing... 1, , Topeka Trans, and pub. util Trade *3.7 1* Contract construction Service... 30* Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Finance INDIANA Evansville </ Government (2/) (2/) 68.7 Contract construction.. (2/) (21) 3.5 Manufacturing... (2/) (2/) 33.8 Wichita Trans, and pub. util... (2/) (2/) Trade.... (2/) (g ) 13.5 Mining... 1* Finance... (I/) (2/) 2.0 Contract construction (2/) (2/) 11.8 Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Fort Wayne Total Finance Contract construction See footnotes at end of table. 15

54 Area [mployment Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued (in thousands) Number of employees Number of employees Area and Industry 1955 Area and Industry 1955 division Apr.. Apr. division Apr. Mar. Apr. KENTUCKY BaltlflgEg - Continued Louisville Manufacturing * Total... 2* TranB. and pub. util *.* Contract construction * Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Trade MASSACHUSETTS Boston LOUISIANA Total *2.8 Baton Rouge Contract construction. * * Manufacturing * Trans, and pub. util * Contract construction Mft.«n-PftY*tnring Finance *.* Trans, and pub. util..« Trade Government Fall River *6.9 New Orleans. Manufacturing Total Trans, and pub. util Mininc Trade Contract construction Government Manufacturing Other nonmanufacturing Trans, and pub. util New Bedford Service Contract construction Manufacturing MAINE Trans. and pub. util Lewiston Total Government Contract construction.* Other nonmanufacturing Manufac turing Trans, and pub. util Trade Sprinscfield-Holyoke Total Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Portland Total Contract construction Trans, and pub. util Finance Worcester a a I / Total Contract construction Manufacturing MARYLAND Trans. and pub. util Baltimore Total Mining Contract construction See footnotes at end of table. 16

55 Area and industry division Table A -7: Employ««* in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued (In thousands) Number of employees Number of eraployeea Area and Industry 12! r & 1955 Apr. Mar. Apr.. division Apr. Mar. Apr. MICHIGAN MISSOURI Detroit Kansas City 4/ Total... 1, Total JT J Minjug Mining Comtract construction, Contract construction Manufacturing O Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Trans, and pub. util Trade Trade... o4 1 Q3 yj 7 Q 93 7J*U6 FinflnCfi t. T T T,,., T T * *.. t Finance Service Service TV. J w 40.5 j Government Government Flint St. Louis Grand Rapids Manufacturing Contract construction * Lansing Trans, and pub. util ManiifA-ctiir"frig. T. T T. f.,, Finance Muskegon Saginaw MONTANA Great Falls MINNESOTA Duluth Contract construction Total... * Manufacturing Contract construction Trans, and pub. util Manuf ac tur ing * Trans. and pub. util Trade Government Government NEBRASKA Minneapolis-St. Paul Omaha Total Contract construction Contract construction Manufacturing Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Trans, and pub. util Trade Finance ee 1/ 58.O MISSISSIPPI Jackson N EVADA Total Reno M i n i n c Contract construction Contract construction Manufacturing Manufacturing l/ Trans, and pub. util Trans. and pub. util > TT f ti fin 3 *5 3 k j j * * See footnotes at end of table. 17

56 Arca i mployrncnt Tabl«A -7: Employ«««in nonagricultural «$tablishm«nt$ for s«l«ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued Area and industry division NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester Total.... Contract construction, Manufacturing.... Trans«and pub«util«, Trade... < Finance.... Service...««. Government«««, (In thousands) Number of employees 19 _ 1955 Area and industry Apr«Mar. Apr. division NEW MEXICO Albuquerque Contract construction«« Manufacturing Trans«and pub«util««« Rubber of employees Apr* Mar. Apr* NEW JERSEY Newark-Jersey City 6/ Total... Mining... Contract construction«««manufacturing»«< Brans«and pub. util Trade... Finance... Service.... Government... Paterson 6 / Total... Mining.... Contract construction««, Manufacturing «Trans«and pub«util«««trade... Finance Service... Government... Perth Amboy ] Total.... Mining... Contract construction«manufacturing... Trans«and pub«util.«. Trade... Finance... Service««.*... Government.«* NEW YORK Albany- Schenectady-Troy Total «« Contract construction.«, Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util««« Other nonmanufacturing« Binghamton Contract construction«« Manufacturing... ««« Trans, and pub. util Other nomnanufacturing., Buffalo Contract construction««. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util«««« Elmira Other nonmanufacturing.«(2/) (2/) (!/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (!/) <2/) (2/) (2/,) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) ( /) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) * * * * * * Trenton Total... Mining... Contract construction..«manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Trade... Finance... Service... Government Nassau and Suffolk Counties 6/ Contract construction.« Manufacturing Trans, and pub«util««« ble (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) 292* * Id

57 Area and industry division Tabi* A-7: Employ«*«in nonagricultural «stabrishm«nts, for s«l«ct«d ar«as, by industry division - Continued (In thousands) Number of employees Area and industry 1955 division Apr* NEW YORK - Continued New York-Northeastern New Jersey Total* 5,339-* 5, , Contract construction* Manufacturing... 1, , ,692.1 Trans, and pub* util**** * Trade * 1, , ,140.6 *38.* New York City 6/ Total * * 3,507.* 3, ,490.8 Mining Contract construction.* * 113.* Manufacturing Trans, and pub* util**** Rochester (2/) Contract construction** * W, \ Manufacturing.* w, \ Trans* and pub. util*.** w, \ (M \ Other nonmanufacturing.. (2/) Syracuse (2/) Contract construction.* * (2/) Manufacturing... (2/) Trans, and pub* util**** (2/) (2h Other nonmanufacturing. * (2/) Number of empiloyees 19*> A w. M br. Apr- NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub* util*** Greensboro-High Point Manufacturing Raleigh-Durhazn Winston-Salem (2/) NORTH DAKOTA Fargo Contract construction.* Manufacturing Trans, and pub* util*** OHIO Akron Cincinnati Utica-Rome w, \ Contract construction** * (2/) Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util.*.* / (2/) w, \ (2/) Westchester County (2/) Contract construction.* * (2/) Manufacturing W,\ Trans, and pub. util.*** (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) See footnotes at end of tal ble. Cleveland Dayton OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Contract construction* Manufacturing....** Trans, and pub. util.**

58 Ar od i mploymont Tabl«A -7: Employ«*«in nonagricultural establishments for selected ar«as, by industry division Continued Area and Industry division OKLAHOMA. - Continued Tulsa Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans. and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... OREGON Portland Total... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government... PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton 4/ Manufacturing... Erie Manufacturing... Harrisburg Toted... Mining... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Lancaster Manufacturing. Philadelphia Manufacturing... Pittsburgh Total... Mining. Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... (In thousands) BHB WX V* VMUJkvjvoa Area and industry 1955 Apr.»far. division Apr. Ap t. Reading * Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton * * York RHODE ISLAND Providence Total... (2/) (2/) 2* Contract construction... (2/) (2/) Manufacturing... (2/) (2/) Trans, and pub. util... (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) ( /) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) 32.* 31.4 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util *2.9 *2.* * * * 7.7 3*.* 31.4 Greenville 1*.5 l* SOUTH DAKOTA 12.* Sioux Falls * 38.7 (2/) (2/) 5.2 Trans, and pub. util... (2/) (2/) 1.9 (2/) (2/) 8.0 *5.6 * (2/) (2/) 1.4 (2/) ( /) 3.0 (2/) (2/) 1.9 5*3.1 5** TENNESSEE Chattanooga *.* 9* *5.* *1.* 40.8 Contract construction Manufacturing. *5.2 *5.* Trans, and pub. util * *.1 * * * 8.* 8.3 See footnotes at end of table. 20.

59 Table A-7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural *stabli*hm*nts, for s*l*ct*d areas, by industry division - Continued Area and industry division TENNESSEE - Continued Khoxville Total.... Mining... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Memphis Total... Mining... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade Finance..... Service.... Government Nashville Total... Mining... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... UTAH Salt Lake City Total. Mining... Contract construction.. Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util... Trade.... Finance... Service Government... VERMONT Burlington Total... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util*. Trade. Service... Other nonmanufacturing Springfield Total... Manufacturing. See footnotes at end of table. (In thousands) Number of employees w Area and Industry Apr, Mar, division..aes- Springfield - Continued Trans, and pub. util.., Trade... Service..., Other nonmanufacturing I I ,8 7.3 VIRGINIA Norfolk-Portsmouth Total Mining.... Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util...* Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Richmond 4/ Total... Mining... Contract construction... Manufacturing.... Trans, and pub. util... Trade.... Finance. * Service... Government... WASHINGTON Seattle Total... Contract construction.. Manufacturing. «Trans, and pub. util.*.«trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government... Spokane Total Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.«trade... Finance... Service l/.... Government... Tacoma Total Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance.... Service l/.«.«**... Government Apr, O Nuaber of eroloyees Mar l l

60 Arca l.mployrnenl Area and Industry division WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Total... Mining Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans* and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Wheellng-Steubenville Total... Mining Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade Finance.... Service... Government... WISCONSIN Milwaukee Total... Contract construction... Tabl* A-7: Employ«** in nonagricultural *stablishm*nt* for s«l«ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued Number of employees.1252,. Apr. 89.O (In thousands) Area and Industry division Milwaukee - Continued Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util. Trade..., Finance...,... Service 1/..., Government.... Racine Total.... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util., Trade.... Finance*,..... Service l/..., Government... WYOMING Casper Mining Contract construction Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util. Tirade... Finance Service... l/ Includes mining. 2/ Not available. 3/ Includes mining and government. 5/ Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data. 5/ Includes mining and finance. 6/ Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. 19i Apr. Mar. Apr

61 I Table B-lt Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by class of turnover , , , 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, , 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, ,. 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, - (Bar 100 employees Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr, May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual average Year Totiil accôiision ' * Totia ation * Quit Dischaj"ce Ô.4 Ô.3 Ô , , ,t3 LavofJr l.l Mlscellaneoiis. inclludine inilitaqr «

62 Li h o e 1 u r n o w r Table B-2: M onthly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries Industry (Per 100 employees) Total accession rate Apr. 19*56 M lp*56 eut. Apr. l<«6 Separation rate Total auit Discharge Layoff Mar. Apr. Mar. 19*56 19*56 Apr. 19f56 Msur. 19*56 Apr. 19J56 Misc., incl. military Mar. 19*56 Apr. 19*56 Mar. 39*56 HAMUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE OODS ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS A loo » Beverages: G / > 4.2 <i/) 2.3 ( /).4 (1/).1 (i/) 1.7 a / ).1 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigars (2/) ( /) TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS l.l.2.2 Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber Knitting mills (2/).1 Dyeing and finishing textiles Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings... (i/) 2.7 (1/) 3.0 (i/) 1.3 (i/).4 (i/) 1.2 (1/).1 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings and work (2/).1 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) (1/) 84 (l/) L4.7 (!/> 3.3 (i/).3 (1/) L1.0 (i/).2 Sawmills and planing mills Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES ?? Other furniture and fixtures PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS ' Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills Paperboard containers and boxes...* CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals l.l (2/).1 Paints, pigments, and fillers..., l.l See footnotes at end of table.

63 T abi* B-2: M o n th ly la b o r turnover ratos in s. l. c t. d industri.s-continu.d (Per 100 employees) Total Separation rate accession Total Qiiit Discharge rate Layoff Misc., incl. military Industry Apr. Mar. Apr. Mar. Apr* Mar. Apr. I956 Mar. Apr. Mar. Apr. Mar. PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL (2/) (i/) RUBBER PRODUCTS ' LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS (2/) * PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills Steel foundries Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals: Primary smelting and refining of copper, Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals: Rolling, drawing, and alloying of copper Other primary metal industries: FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and edge tools Hand t o ols Hardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers1 supplies Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products Met?l stamping, coating, and engraving Ô See footnotes at end of table.

64 Libor Turnover Table B-2: M onthly la b o r turnover rates in selected in d u stries-c o n tin u ed (Per 100 employees) Total Separation rate accession Industry Total Quit Discharge rate Layoff M i s c., incl. military Apr. iter* Apr. Mar. Apr. 19f Mar. 6 Apr. Mar. Apr. Mar. 19*56 Apr. Mar. MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Engines and turbines *3 2.k k.1.2 Agricultural machinery and tractors... (1/) 2.9 (i/) (Ì/) / ).1* Construction and mining machinery , 1.5 y.1* * * Metalworking machinery (except machine * * l.k l.k.k.k Special-industry machinery (except metal General industrial machinery * * 1.1*.3.3.k Office and store machines and devices... k.k Service-industry and household machines k*9 3.h k l.k.2.3 Miscellaneous machinery parts ELECTRICAL MACHINERY * l.k Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus *.2.2 Radios, phonographs, television sets, (1/) Telephone, telegraph, and related 3.9 (i/) k-1 (1/) 1.8 (1/).2 (1/) 2.1* (1/) (2/).1.2 Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products b TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 1*.0 k.2 * *.1*.1* k.2 k * k *.1.2 Aircraft engines and p a rts Aircraft propellers and p a rts k.o 3.3 k k SP.1.1 Ship and boat building and repairing... (l/) 10.6 (i/> k w 9.9 (i/).2 Railroad equipment... Cl/) k.3 (1/) k.k.7 W ).1 l y ) / >.5 Locomotives and p a r t s... (l/) / > 3.9 w ).k C /).1 C y ) 2.1* G / ) 1.0 Railroad and street cars... fc.7 1*.8 (!/).9 ( y ) (1/) k y (!/) (2/) INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS...» «.1 Photographic apparatus Watches and clocks... 2.k $ w Professional and scientific instruments *.1.1 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... b.5 k.k k * Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware * See footnotes at end of table.

65 T able B-2: M o n th ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-c o ntinued HONHA NUFACTURING: Industry (Per 100 employees) Total accession rate Apr. 1^ 6 Mar. l??6 Apr. i??6 Se paration rate Total ûuit Discharge Layoff Misc., incl. military Mar. 1?56 Apr. 1?56 Mar. l??6 Apr. 1??6 Mar. Apr. Mar. Apr. Mar. METAL MINING... U /) 2.9 ( 1/) 3.1 (1/) 2.2 (X/) 0.3 ( i /) 0.3 ( i/) 0.3 ( i/) (i/) -3 (1/) (2/) ( i /).9 ( 1/).k * *.5 3.Ö /) (2/) 3 2.k 2.k i. k.3.1 (2/) ANTHRACITE MINING (2/) (2/) A.2 A BITUMINOUS-COAL MINING k (2/) (2/) COMMUNICATION: (1/) 2.1 ( i/) 1.5 (i/) 1.2 ( i/).1 (1/).1 a / ).1 (±/) 2.1 <±/> 1.9 <±/> l.k (i/).1 ( i /) 3 (1/).2 l/ Hot available. 2/ Less than j J Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis.

66 Hours 3ih1 Lim ing* Table C-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees MINING: Industry METAL MINING... Iron m ining... Copper mining... Lead and zinc m ining... ANTHRACITE... BITUMINOUS-COAL... CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services)... NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING... Apr Average weekly Mar Apr Apr Average weekly hours Mar Apr Apr Average hourly Mar Apr IO CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION... Highway and street... Other nonbuilding construction... BUILDING CONSTRUCTION... GENERAL CONTRACTORS... SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS... Plumbing and heating... Painting and decorating... Electrical work... Other special-trade contractors... MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS... NONDURABLE GOODS... ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... Meat products... Meat packing, wholesale.... Sausages and casings... Dairy products... Condensed and evaporated m i l k... Ice cream and ices... Canning and preserving... Sea iood, canned and cured... Canned fruits, vegetables, and soups. Grain-mill products... Flour and other grain-mill products.. Prepared feeds... Bakery products... Bread and other bakery products... Biscuits, crackers, and pretzels IO ,&T I I ll I I.61 I I I

67 Table C-l: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued I k'i:' t n^s Industry Apr. Average weekly earnintfs Mar. Apr Average weekly hours Mar. Apr. Apr Apr. Average hourly Mar. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued S u g a r... $ $ $1.92 $ * 1.93 Beet sugar * Confectionery and related products * *9 1.1*8 1.1* *8 Malt liquors *0 Distilled, rectified, and blended Miscellaneous food products OI *3 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES *9 1.1* l Tobacco and snuff *5 Tobacco stemming and redrying TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS *3 1.1* Scouring and combing plants I.29 Broad-woven fabric mills Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber *1* 1.1*1* 1.1* * *5 1.1*1* T *2 1.1* * ^ * I * * *6 1.1* Dyeing and finishing textiles Dyeing and finishing textiles (except Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings * Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet yarn Miscellaneous textile goods I Pelt goods (except woven felts and * 1.71 I.65 Paddings and upholstery filling Processed waste and recovered fibers I Artificial leather, oilcloth, and * *5 1.1* Apr

68 Hours and Earnings Table C-l: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees Continued Industry Apr. Average weekly Mar. Apr Average weekly hours Mar. Apr. Apr Average hourly Apr. ""Màr. - Apr APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... $51.55 $52.48 $ $1.^2 $1.1*3 $1.32 Men's and boys' suits and coats I Men's and boys' furnishings and work * 1.13 Shirts, collars, and nightwear * 1.21* *3 Women's dresses Household apparel Women's suits, coats, and skirts Women's, children's under garments Underwear and nightwear, except corsets l.ll* Corsets and allied garments *1* 1.1* * 1.71* Miscellaneous apparel and accessories * Other fabricated textile products *0 1.1* Curtains, draperies, and other house *3 1.1* Canvas products *1* 1.1*0 1.31* LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Logging camps and contractors * 1.66 Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated * I Wooden boxes, other than cigar Miscellaneous wood products *3 1.1* FURNITURE AND FIXTURES I Wood household furniture, except *2 1.1* Wood household furniture, upholstered ' Office, public-building, and professional furniture Metal office furniture * * Partitions, shelving, lockers, and Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furni

69 Table C-l: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Apr, Average weekly Mar. Apr, 1955 Apr. Average weekly hours Mar* Apr Apr, Average hourly PARER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... $80.70 $81.27 $ $1.89 $1.89 $1.81 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills I.9I Paperboard containers and b o xes I.7I* Fiber cans, tubes, and drums I Other paper and allied products k 1.67 PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES * B o o k s O O I* I.50 Bookbinding and related industries Miscellaneous publishing and printing CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS O Industrial inorganic chemicals k I * I ' I.9O 1.81 Soap, cleaning and polishing I Soap and glycerin Paints, pigments, and fillers * 1.97 Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and I.65 Fertilizers I * I * Miscellaneous chemicals I Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics I I.61 Compressed and liquified gases PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL * Petroleum refining k 2.1*5 Coke, other petroleum and coal products RUBBER PRODUCTS * I.82 I.7I* I.92 I * LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS I *9 1.1*0 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished I Industrial leather belting and packing I.78 I.77 Boot and shoe cut stock and findings * Footwear (except rubber) O *5 1.3k Mar. Apr. 1955

70 Hours and Earnings Table C-l: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Apr. Average weekly earning» Mar. Apr Average weekly hours Apr. Mar. Apr Apr. Average hourly LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued Luggage... $61.54 $60.20 $ *1.57 $1.58 $1.52 Handbags and small leather goods Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown w Glass containers * Pressed and blown glass * 1.80 Glass products made of purchased glass * Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and hollow tile Floor and wall tile Sewer p ipe k Pottery and related products k Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete products Cut-stone and stone products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Nonclay refractories PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i l l s *7 2.1* Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, except electrometallurgical products *8 2.1* o * 2.07 Iron and steel foundries Gray-iron foundries * 2.01* 1.98 Malleable-iron foundries * Steel foundries Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Primary smelting and refining of copper, lead, and zinc k Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing and alloying of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Rolling, drawing, and alloying of aluminum * Nonferrous foundries * 2.07 Miscellaneous primary metal industries * *9 2.1* Welded and he&vy-riveted pipe Mar. Apr. 1955

71 Table C-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Apr. Average weekly Mar. Apr. 10*5*5 Average weekly hours Apr Mar. Apr Apr. Average hourly FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT). $83.84 $83.23 $80.31* $2.01* $2-03 $1.95 Tin cans and other tinware Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies * Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Structural steel and ornamental metal * Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and Sheet-metal w ork Metal stamping, coating, and engraving I Stamped and pressed metal products I * 1.89 Fabricated wire products Miscellaneous fabricated metal products ^ Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, IOO * Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Steam engines, turbines, and water Diesel and other internal-combustion * H 2.11* Agricultural machinery (except tractors) Construction and mining machinery Construction and mining machinery, except for oil fields Oil-field machinery and tools Metalworking machinery Machine tools Metalworking machinery (except machine * 2.11 Machine-tool accessories IOO * Special-industry machinery (except metal Food-products machinery * Paper-industries machinery Printing-trades machinery and equipment IOI Mar. Apr. 1955

72 Hours and f.linings Table C-l: Hour» and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Apr. Average weekly Mar. Apr Average weekly hours Apr. Mar. Apr Apr. Average hourly MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued General Industrial machinery... $ $91.59 $ $2.16 $2.15 $2.03 Pumps, air and gas compressors Conveyors and conveying equipment Blowers, exhaust and ventilating fans * Industrial trucks, tractors, e t c *. Ok Mechanical power-transmission equipment Mechanical stokers and industrial * 2.11* 2.01* Office and store machines and devices Computing machines and cash registers Service-industry and household machines Domestic laundry equipment * 2.03 Commercial laundry, dry-cleaning, and pressing machines Sewing machines * 2.01* Refrigerators and air-conditioning * Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves * Ball and roller bearings ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, * 1.86 distribution, and industrial apparatus * * 1.75 Carbon and graphite products Electrical indicating, measuring, and Motors, generators, and motor-generator * k 2.05 Power and distribution transformers Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial S * Mar * * 2.07 Electric lamps Radios, phonographs, television sets, Telephone, telegraph, and related Miscellaneous electrical products o Primary batteries (dry and wet) X-ray and non-radio electronic tubes Apr *

73 Table C-l: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Average weekly Average weekly Average hourly hours Industry Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... $91.53 $90.90 $ *2.1 $2.26 $2.25 $ Motor vehicles, bodies, parts, and accessories Truck and bus bodies Trailers (truck and automobile) * Aircraft Aircraft engines and parts Aircraft propellers and parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Shipbuilding and repairing Locomotives and parts Railroad and street cars Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS O Laboratory, scientific, and engineering instruments Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments Optical instruments and lenses Surgical, medical, ana dental instruments k 1.7k Watches and clocks MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES k * Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e k 1.68 Jewelry and findings * Toys and sporting goods * Games, toys, dolls, and children's vehicles * Sporting and athletic goods Pens, pencils, other office supplies l * k e

74 Hours jiu i jrniih Table C-l: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry TRANSPORTATION AttD PUBLIC UTILITIES: TRANSPORTATION: Apr. Average weekly Mar. Apr, 1055 Average weekly hours Mar. Apr Apr. 10*5*5 Apr. Average hourly Mar. 19*56 Apr $87.78 $79.93 Ci/) U. 8 1*1.2 Ci/) $1.94 $ *2.9 1*2.9 1*3.0 $ * 1.86 COMMUNICATION: I * 1.82 Switchboard operating employees jj/ Line construction, installation, and *3.1* 1* *2.0 1* OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES: Gas and electric utilities *1.1* 1* *1.8 U *0.1* 1*0.1* Electric light and gas utilities com *1.6 1* m LE SA LE AMD RETAIL TRADE: WHOLESALE TRADE *0.3 1* RETAIL TRADE (EXCEPT EATING AND DRINKING PLACES) * ^ k.9 3k Department stores and general mailorder houses * Automotive and accessories dealers **3.9 1* Apparel and accessories stores k. l* Other retail trade: *2.1 1* Lumber and hardware supply stores *2.5 1* FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: ~ - - SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Personal services: Motion pictures: Motion-picture production and distri *1.2 1* » *0.6 1* l.ol* l.ol* * / Not available. 2/ Data relate to employees In such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants; operating room Instructors: and pay-station attendants. During 1955 such employees made up 1*1 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees In telephone establishments reporting hours and data. Data relate to employees In such occupations In the telephone Industry as central office craftsmen; Installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1955 such employees made up 26 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and data. U/ Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis. 5/ Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included. 36

75 Table C-2: Grots average weekly of production workers in selected industries, in current and dollars Year Annual average : Bituminous-coal Year Bituminous-coal Manufacturing Laundries Manufacturing Laundries mining and mining Current Current Current month Current Current Current Monthly data: * $64.72 $92.01 $80.50 $40.40 $ a et June u July W Sept T t Table C-3: Average weekly, gross and net spendable, of production workers Year Annual average : in manufacturing, in current and dollars Gross average weekly Net spendable average weekly Year Gross average weekly Net spendable average weekly Index Worker with Worker with and Index Worker with Worker with Amount { no dependents 3 dependents month Amount ( no dependents 3 dependents = 100) Current Current ) Current Current Monthly data: * ; $ $61.15 $53.50»68.41 $ s e O.6O June July Sept ? fi T n * a Z Ô Q8.56, TZ,\S. 6.3,03 2L

76 Adjusted Earnings Table C-4: Average hourly, gross and excluding overtime, and average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing Year and mont h Annual average : Manufacturing Average hourly Gross Excluding overtime Index Amount ( » 100) Average weekly hours Durable goods Average hourly Gross Excluding overtime Average weekly hours Nondurable goods Average hourly Gross Excluding overtime Average weekly hours 19*1. 19*2 19*3. $ $ * * $ * $ *2.1 *5.1 1*6.6 $0.61* $ Vo. 3 1*2.5 19**. 19*5-19* ^7 1/ /7*.8 " * 40.1* / *6.6 l*l*.l 1* * / * *7. 19*8. 19* * * A3* 1*0.6 1* * * * *80 I *1.2 1*1.6 * *8 1.5* l.* * : Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. : Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr ,81* , *1.3 11*2.1 1U2.9 U *3.6 11* *6.0 1*7.5 1* * * * * * *1.3 1* ? 1*0.1* 1*0.3 I * ** 1.9** / 11-month average; August 1945 excluded because of VJ-day holiday period. 1*1.3 1*0.2 1*1.1* 1*0.9 1*1.1 1*1.3 1*1.2 1*1,6 1*1.2 1*0.9 1*1.1 *1.5 1*1.7 1*1.8 1*2.0 1*1.2 1*1.0 1*0.9 1* * 1.1k 1.75 I M I _ 1 3 L _ 38

77 Year and month TOTAL 2J Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and constiuction activity ^ Mining division Contract construct ion division ( = ) Manufacturing division Total: Durable goods Total: Nondurable goods M.. ti í i Manufacturing Ordnance and accessories Durable goods Lumber and wood products (except furniture) 19*7: Average *.6 10l* *8: Average * 103.* *9: Average * : Average ioe : Average * : Average A : Average o 195*: Average, * s Average, ) : Jan a F e b * * Apr ioi*.i* May * June * A u g Nov Dec : Jan II9.O F e b lt * Mar II7.3 9* Manufacturing - Durable goods - Continued Ye ar Stone, clay, Fabricated Machinery Transportaand Furniture and glass Primary metal metal (except Electrical tion month and fixtures products industries products electrical) machinery equipment 19^7: Average ioe.9 19*8: Average.. lo t.6 IO ^9: Average : Average IO : Average * : Average * : Average * * Average * : Average : Jan Feb IO M a y IO A ug *.2 115* IO * U O. O * * : Jan U F e b , See footnotes at end of table. 39

78 \h in I lour Indexes Year and month 19^7: Average.. I9V8: Average.. 19*9? Average : Average : Average : Average s Average.. I95V: Average : Average : Jan... F eb... Apr... May... June... July... Aug... Oct... : Jan... Feb... Year and month 19l*7: Average.. 191*8: Average.. 191*9: Average : Average : Average : Average : Average.. 195*: Average : Average : Jan... Feb... Mar... Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity ^ Continued ( = ) Manufacturing - Durable goods-con. Instruments Miscellaneous Pood and and related manufacturing kindred products industries products IO3.O * Ilk I23.I Q Paper and allied products ioe * fc I IO3.I k k * 101*. k IO IO9.O IO3.O IO5.3 IO * I.O IO3.5 loi* * Manufacturing -- Nondurable goods Tobacco manufactures IO S * I I IO6.3 II9.2 I2O m 1 :? Manufacturing - Nondurable goods - Continued Printing, publishing, and allied industries 101.* * 10* * Chemicals and allied produets I IO A w IO7.5 Ma y IO7.3 IO6.6 June Products of petroleum and coal 99.0 IO IOO * *.l Textile-mill products Rubber products îœ.o * * * * Apparel and other finished textile products Leather and leather products * O 9*.l * IO5.* *. k Auff *.3 Oct IO *. 6 Nov IO Dec : Jan IO9.I F eb IO9.O Mar Apr... m ! J Aggregate man-hours are for the weekly pay period ending nearest the 15th of thç month and do not represent totals for the month. Por mining and manufacturing industries, data refer to production and related workers. Por contract construction, the data relate to construction workers. 2 / Includes only the divisions shown. ko ~

79 Table C-6: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas Average veeklv Average weekly hours Average hourly State and area 1955 is J, Apr. Mar. Aur. A w. Mar. Apr. U.. Mar. Apr. ALABAMA... $64.55 $53.99 $ $1.63 $1.62 $l.tô Birmingham *. 96 * * Mobile * * ARIZONA Phoenix ARKANSAS l.o Little Rock- N. Little Rock o o * 1.27 CALIFORNIA o.l 4o.l Fresno * Los Angeles-Long Beach o Sacramento San Bernardino- Rlver s ide-ontario o.l 4o.O 4o.o San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Stockton COLORADO o Denver 81. 4l CONNECTICUT l.l Bridgeport * 2.0* 1.9* Hartford * New Britain * New Haven 77. * Stamford l Waterbury ** DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington * FLORIDA * Jacksonville (1/) ( l/) Miami Ö / ) o.8 0 /) * Tampa-St. Petersburg l.o 1.50 l.* GEORGIA l.* Atlanta Savannah IDAHO... (1/) ( /) G/> ILLINOIS... (1/) ( /) 4 l.l 40.9 (i/) Chicago <3/> (i/) ( y ) INDIANA Des Moines See footnotes at end of tal ble. *1

80 Table C-6C Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected Slates and areas - Continued State and area Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly ic« U» T5W' Apr. Mar. Apr^' Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. KANSAS... $83. $82.10 $ *2.1 $1.99 $1-97 $1.92 Topeka o * Wichita * KENTUCKY G/> 39.8 *0.4 ( /) Louisville ( i/) W ) 4o.4 *0.5 <&) LOUISIANA... 7* * Baton Bouge l.O 40.9 * Nev Orleans to.o MAINE * ** Levlston l.*3 l.* Portland * * MARYLAND o.4 * Baltimore i.o *0.1* I.89 MASSACHUSETTS o.l Boston 7* Fall River ** l-*5 l.*0 New Bedford l.*7 Springfield-Holyoke i.o 4i.o 1* Worcester * MICHIGAN o.8 * Detroit *2.3 2.* Flint o.o * Grand Rapids * Lans ing o.6 4 l.l * Muskegon o.l 4o.l 1* * Saginaw o o.o * MINNESOTA o.6 4o.7 * Duluth * Minneapolis-St. Paul o.4 1* MISSISSIPPI * Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City * St. Louis MONTANA NEBRASKA o.8 * Omaha ( /) ( /) 41.4 *1.5 ( /) I NEVADA l l NEW HAMPSHIRE * *6 Manchester *8 1.1*5 See footnotes at end of table.

81 Table C-& Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly State and area ic> * Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. I Mar. Apr. NjlV JERSEY Newark-Jersey City 2/ Paterson 2/ Perth Amboy 2/ Trenton $ * $ $ *0.7 *0.7 1*0.9 *0.6 * o.l *0.2 1*0.1 1*0.1* 1* $2.02 1[$ * TO* MKXTCO * * Albuquerque * * NEW YORK.... (l/) Albany -S chenec tady-troy M l) Binghamton Buffalo %} Elmira (I/) Nassau and Suffolk Counties 2/ (i/> New York-Northeastern New Jersey ! Hew York City 2/ Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome a / > (i/) Westchester County 2/ (i/> *59 (i/) 39A w o / ) 11 $ ^ 38.8 ( /) I (Û ) * * U * *0.1 (i/) NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte ^ * * Greensboro-High Point *.3 l.4o NORTH DAKOTA... (i/) (i/> *3.9 a /) 1.56 Fargo b y ) % \ m W ) 1*1*. 8 l y ) 0 7) 1.62 OHIO o.8 1* Akron Cincinnati * Cleveland * * 2.21* 2.11 Dayton l * OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tulsa ( /) * (!/) I.98 (i/) * i.l 4o.9 * * * o.9 4o.4 1* OREGON l* Portland (i/) (i/> (1/ ) PENNSYLVANIA.... Allentown-Bethlehem- 8O.O Easton Erie Harrisburg Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton York l.o o * * 1*0.1* 39.2 ito.o * * * l lo70 1.1*1* RHODE ISLAND * Providence *0.Í * See footnotes at end of table. *3

82 Sute and Ar OUI s U1 di nin^s Table C-6c Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State and area Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly earnlnxa 1< « l<j Apr. Mar. Aur. Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. N&p. Ab t. SOUTH CAROLINA... $55.07 $55-21 $ o.3 $1.37 $1.37 $1.30 Charleston * *7 1.1* SOUTH DAKOTA O I Sioux Falls TENNESSEE l. k Q Chattanooga o.o I Knoxville o.l I.81 I Memphis 69.1* * Nashville 65.U I.60 I.50 TEXAS I.92 I UTAH o * Salt Lake City VERMONT I *9 Burlington *2 1.1*3 1.1*9 Springfield * l VIRGINIA *6 Norfolk-Portsmouth I I.59 Richmond WASHINGTON Seattle O Spokane o.l Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA I.87 Charleston s n M o * WISCONSIN Kenosha o.l La Crosse I.98 I.98 I.96 Madison i.o I Milwaukee Racine o * WYOMING Casper o.4 4o.l *5 l/ lfot available. 2/ Subarea of Nev York-Northeastern Nev Jersey.

83 A nnual S upplement Employment W eekly Hours Payroll Indexes Labor Turnover Rates State and Area Statistics Hourly and W eekly Earnings

84

85 / v \ Employment and Earninss CONTENTS AN N U A L SUPPLEMENT, Pag* Employment and Payrolls Table SA- It Enployees In nonagrioultural establishments, by industry division Table SA- 2t Employees in nonagri cultural establishments, by industry Table SA- 3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries Table SA- 4 s Indexes of production-varker employment and weekly payroll Table SA- 5: Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region Table SA- 6: Federal personnel, civilian and military Table SA- 7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State Table SA- 8: Employees In sdnix«, by State Table SA- 9t Employees in contract construction, by State Table SA-10: Employees in manufacturing, by State... 6? Table SA-lli Employees in transportation and public utilities, by State Table SA-12: Employees in wholesale and retail trade, by State. 69 Table SA-13: Employees in finance, insurance, and real estate, by State Table SA-14* Employees in service and miscellaneous, by State.. 71 Table SA-15* Employees in government, by State Table SA-16 x Esployees in nonagrioultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division Labor Turnover Table SB- It Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by olass of turnover Table SB- 2t Monthly labor turnover rates in selected industries Hours a n d Earnings Table SG- It Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees Table SG- 2 1 Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing Industries for selected States and areas C H A R T Indexes of ftroduotion-worker Employment and Weekly Payroll - Manufacturing Industries é l

86

87 Table SA-1: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division (In thousands) Year and month TOTAL Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government Annual average: ,829 1,124 1,021 10,53* 3,711 *,66* 1,050 2,05* 2, ,088 1,230 8*8 10,53* 3,998 *,623 1,110 2,1*2 2, *, ,012 8,132 3,*59 *,75* 1,097 2,187 2, , ,185 8,986 3,505 5,08* 1,079 2,268 2,5* ,128 1,203 1,229 10,155 3,882 5, *9* 1,123 2,*31 2, U... 27,770 1,092 1,321 9,523 3,806 5,626 1,163 2,516 2, ,505 1,080 1,**6 9,786 3,82* 5,810 1,166 2,591 2, ,539 1,176 1,555 9,997 3,9*0 6,033 1,235 2,755 2,8* ,691 1,105 1,608 9,839 3,891 6,165 1,295 2,871 2, ,710 1,041 1,606 9,786 3,822 6,137 1,360 2,962 2, ,0*1 1,078 1,*97 10,53* 3,907 6, *01 1,*31 3,127 3, ,1*3 1,000 1,372 9, *01 3,675 6,06* 1,398 3,08* 3,1* , ,21* 8,021 3,2*3 5,531 1,333 2,913 3,26* , ,797 2,80* *,907 1,270 2,682 3, ,* ,258 2,659 *,999 1,225 2,61* 3, *... 25, ,3*6 2,736 5,552 1,2*7 2,78* 3, , ,907 2,771 5,692 1,262 2,883 3, * , ,1*5 9,653 2,956 6,076 1,313 3,060 3, ,718 1,006 1,112 10,606 3,11* 6,5*3 1,355 3,233 3,7* , ,055 9,253 2,8*0 6, *53 1,3*7 3,196 3, , ,150 10,078 2,912 6,612 1,399 3,321 3,995 19* , ,29* 10,780 3,013 6,9*0 1,*36 3, *77 *,202 19* , ,790 12,97* 3,2*8 7, *16 l,*8o 3,705 *,660 19* , ,170 15,051 3, *33 7,333 1»*69 3,857 5, *83 19*3-... *2, ,567 17,381 3,619 7,189 1,*35 3,919 6,080 19**... *1,53* 883 1,09* 17,111 3,798 7,260 1,*09 3,93* 6,0*3 19*5... *0, ,132 15,302 3,872 7,522 1,*28 *,011 5,9** 19*6... *1, ,661 l*,*6l *,023 8,602 1,619 *,*7* 5,595 19*7... *3,* ,982 15,290 *,122 9,196 1,672 *,783 5, *7* 19*8... **,** ,169 15,321 *,1*1 9,519 1,7*1 *,925 5,650 19*9... *3, ,165 l*,178 3,9*9 9,513 1,765 *,972 5, **, ,333 1*,967 3,977 9,6*5 1,82* 5,077 6, *7,3* ,603 16,10* *,166 10,012 1,892 5,26* 6, *8, ,63* 16,33* *,185 10,281 1,967 5, *11 6, *9, ,622 17,238 *,221 10,527 2,038 5,538 6,6*5 195*... *8,* ,593 15,995 *,009 10,520 2,122 5,66* 6, *9, ,780 16,557 *,056 10,803 2,215 5,85* 6,915 42

88 Industry Im plem ent Table SA-2: A ll employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry (In thousands) Industry Annual average * _ T555- TOTAL... 49,950 *8,*31 *9,681 *8,303 *7,3*7 **,738 MINING METAL MINING Iron mining * Lead and zinc mining * ANTHRACITE *0.1 5*.0 63.* BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION * *.? Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services) NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING * 95.1 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... 2,780 2,593 2,622 2,63* 2,603 2,333 NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION * *93 4*8 Highway and street * 21* * Other nonbuilding construction BUILDING CONSTRUCTION... 2,279 2,090 2,109 2,119 2,109 1,885 GENERAL CONTRACTORS *.0 9* ** SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS... 1,3*1.6 1,20*.0 1, , , ,0*1 Plumbing and heating Painting and decorating * Electrical w o r k » * * Other special-trade contractors * *. 0 MANUFACTURING... 16,557 15,995 17,238 16,33* 16,104 1*,967 DURABLE GOODS ,536 9,122 10,105 9,3*0 9,080 8,085 NONDURABLE GOODS... 7,021 6,873 7,133 6,99* 7,02* 6, ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES * FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... 1,5**. 7 1, , ,5*8.2 1,5*7.3 1,523 Meat products * Dairy products *.5 12* Grain-mill products * * *.2 33.* 3** Confectionery and related products Beverages Miscellaneous food products... 1*0.* * *1.5 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES *.l 103 Cigarettes * 30.* Cigars *0.6 *1.1 *0.8 *1.2 7.* Tobacco stemming and redrying... 2* *

89 Table SA-2: All employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) Industry Annual average TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS... 1,075.* 1, , , , , *67.* Narrow fabrics and smallwares Knitting mills * Dyeing and finishing textiles * 93.* 9* Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings * Hats (except cloth and millinery APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... 1, , , , , ,184 Men's and boys' suits and 'coats * Men's and boys' furnishings and work clothing * * W o m e n 's, children's under garments Millinery Children's outerwear * l*.l - Miscellaneous apparel and accessories Other fabricated textile products * LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)... 7* Logging camps and contractors *5 Sawmills and planing mills *15.9 * *62.9 Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated * FURNITURE AND FIXTURES *5.9 37* Household furniture * * Office, public-building, and professional Partitions, shelving, lockers, and 38.3 Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous 3*.* *.0 3*.* PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... 5* Pulp, paper, and paperboards m i lls *5.5 1* * PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES O * Bookbinding and related industries Miscellaneous publishing and printing L

90 Inciu 11\ [ mpk'vnu'nt Table SA-2: All employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) Industry Annual average CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals S :? Industrial organic chemicals Soap, cleaning and polishing preparations Fertilizers Vegetable and animal oils and fats PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Coke, other petroleum and coal products RUBBER PRODUCTS U LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Industrial leather belting and packing * 5* Boot and shoe cut stock and findings Footwear (except rubber) ;3 Luggage Handbags and small leather goods Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS * Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass products made of purchased glass i o.o 4o Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Cut-stone and stone products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral *.3 - PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES... 1, , , , , ,200 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i lls Iron and steel foundries Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous m e tals Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of * Miscellaneous primary metal industries

91 Table SA-2: All employees in nonagricultural establishment«, by industry - Continued (In thousands) Animal avaraga Industry * FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)... 1, ,0>»9.8 1, ,0*2.0 1, * 55.* *. 1 1** Heating apparatus (except electric) and » * Fabricated structural metal products * * 2* Metal stamping, coating, and engraving... 2* * Lighting fixtures W» *6.0 * * I - Miscellaneous fabricated metal products * l**.l MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)... 1, , , ,66V.* 1, ,35* Engines and turbines... 7*. 5 7* Agricultural machinery and tractors **.* Construction and mining machinery » * k *.3 26* Special-industry machinery (except General industrial machinery *. 5 2* Office and store machines and devices Service-industry and household machines.. 181» *.1 Miscellaneous machinery parts *0.1» * k ELECTRICAL MACHINERY... 1, ,086.1» 1, , , Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus * * Electrical equipment for vehicles * *7*-2 * Miscellaneous electrical products... *9.3 *6.3 *9-5 *7-3 *6.5 - TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 1, , , ,693.* 1, ,264 Automobiles W * 76* * *71.2 *70.0 *72.* * Aircraft engines and parts... 1* * 17* Aircraft propellers and parts IV Other aircraft parts and equipment II8.9 11* * Ship and boat building and repairing * * Boatbuilding and repairing..., * 18. V 1V Railroad equipment... 5* * Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS * Laboratory, scientific, and engineering 57.* *9.* 39-1 Mechanical measuring and controlling 82.% *.o 71.8 Optical instruments and lenses *.0 1*.9 l*.l 12.9 _ Surgical, medical, and dental *0.3 *0.1 *3.3 *0.8 *0.0 Ophthalmic goods *.* V * **

92 Industry I mpiovim'nt Table SA-2: All employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued Industry MISCELLANEO US M ANUFACTURING IN D U S T R IE S.. Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..., Musical instruments and parts.... Toys and sporting goods...*... Pens, pencils, other office supplies... Costume jewelry, buttons, notions... Fabricated plastics products... Other manufacturing industries... TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S... TRANSPO R TA TIO N... Interstate railroads Class I railroads... Local railways and bus lines... Trucking and warehousing Other transportation and services... Bus lines, except local... Air transportation (common carrier)...: COMMUN IC A TIO N... Telephone Telegraph...*... OTHER P U B L IC U T I L IT IE S... Gas and electric utilities.... Electric light and power utilities... Gas utilities... Electric light and gas utilities combined... Local utilities, not elsewhere classified... WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE... WHOLESALE TRADE... Wholesalers, full-service and limitedfunction... Automotive... Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines, and liquors... Electrical goods, machinery, hardware, and plumbing equipment... Other full-service and limited-function wholesalers... - Wholesale distributors, other... R E T A IL TRADE... General merchandise stores... Department stores and general mail-order houses Other general merchandise stores... Food and liquor stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets.. Dairy-product stores and dealers... Other food and liquor stores... Automotive and accessories dealers... Apparel and accessories stores.... Other retail trade Furniture and appliance stores... Drug stores... (In thousands) 1* ,056 2,717 1, , « ,803 2,858 1, , ,9*5 1,* , , ,631, L i _ -Bar , , , , , ,72* Annual average JL95Q. *98.5 *57-* * *9-7 5**7 57-* * * ,221 2,899 1, , » * * * 2* ,527 2,784 1, * , ,7** 1,*** , , *,185 2,899 1, , *3-3 2** ,281 2,743 1, , , «1,3* T m *,166 2,921 1,**9> * , ,660 1, ,352 l,* , , yw-7 3,977 2,765 1,391 1, *.l * * ,6*5 2,571 7,07* 1,*09 1,231 73* 555 3,1** 5L

93 Table SA-2: All Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) Industry FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE... Banks and trust companies... Insurance carriers and agents... Other finance agencies and real estate.. SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS... Personal services: Annual average Q* , , , , V , , * , ,411 ^ , , , , GOVERNMENT... 6,915 6,751 6,645 6,609 6,389. 6,026 FEDERAL... STATE AND LOCAL... 2,188 4,727 2,188 ^,563 2,305 4,340 2,420 4,188 2,302 4,087 1,928 4,098

94 InduMi \ [ ntpl^\nu'nt Tobl* SA-3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing, by industry (In thousands) MINING: Industry Annual average METAL MINING O ANTHRACITE O 70.6 BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: Petroleum and natural-gas production NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING MANUFACTURING... 13,053 12,589 13,833 13,144 13,155 12,317 7,538 7,184 8,148 7,539 7,466 6,690 5,515 5,405 5,685 5,604 5,689 5,627 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... 1, , , , , , TOBACCO MANUFACTURES * 9V TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS , , , , *» Dyeing and finishing textiles Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings Hats (except cloth and millinery) ^ APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... 1, , , , , , II Men's and boys' furnishings and work &

95 Table SA-3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing, by ndustry-continued Industry APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS Conti nued (In thousands) Annual average 105* Í * * Pur goods IO Miscellaneous apparel and accessories... 5*. 5 5* I.O I II8.6 II2.9 IO LUMBER AND MOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) I9.I 769.I 7*3 9* IOO Sawmills and planing mills A 3* *06.7 **0.1 *32.3 Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated IO6.O IO6.* *8.8 * *. 7 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES I Household furniture *2.1 Office, public-building, and professional *.5 3*.2 Partitions, shelving, lockers, and O Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... *52.2 *39.8 **1.8 *20.9 *3*.l * II IO IO7.3 IO3.I PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES I *95.* * * 1*5.9 1*5.1 1*3.5 1*2.9 1* * I I63.O * *6.9 *6.* **.6 *2.2 *2.0 *0.* Greeting cards I3.9 1*.8 l*.l l*.l - 3* * * - Miscellaneous publishing and printing *8.2 *7.5 - CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... 5* *9* 7*.l 71.* * O I Drugs and medicines * 57.3 Soap, cleaning and polishing I.9 32.O 33.* *6.5 **.7 *6.9 *6.6 *7.5 * Fertilizers O O PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL I Petroleum refining *2.* 1*0.2 1* Coke, other petroleum and coal products.. *1.5 *0.0 **.1 *2.* **.9 SL

96 Industry r:nplo>nu'nf Tabl* SA-3: Production workors in mining and manufacturing, by industry-continuod (In thousands) Annual average Industry l q ^ RUBBER PRODUCTS O LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS... 3^ Leather: tanned, curried, and finished... 1* * Industrial leather belting and packing V l * Luggage Handbags and small leather goods Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS * Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass products made of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic ^ ^.7 3*.l *.* Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Cut-stone and stone products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES... 1, , , , ,036 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling O Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals *0.8 Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous m etals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals Nonferrous foundries Miscellaneous primary metal industries FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) Heating apparatus (except electric) and Fabricated structural metal products * Metal stamping, coating, and engraving Fabricated wire products Miscellaneous fabricated metal products

97 Tabl* SA-3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing, by industry-continuod (In thousands) Annu al average Industry * MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)... 1, , , , , ,043 Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors Construction and mining machinery... \ Metalworking machinery Special-industry machinery (except Office and store machines and devices , Service-industry and household machines.. lto ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Electrical appliances * Insulated wire and cable Electrical equipment for vehicles I Electric lamps Communication equipment * TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... «... 1,399.*» 1, ,5*2.9 1, , ,036 Automobiles Aircraft and parts * V 3*3.0 3 U *0.0 Aircraft propellers and parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Boatbuilding and repairing Railroad equipment *6.0 Other transportation equipment * INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS... Laboratory, scientific, and engineering * instruments Mechanical measuring and controlling Optical instruments and lenses Surgical, medical, and dental Photographic apparatus Watches and clocks MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware *6.6 Musical instruments and parts Toys and sporting goods _ Costume jewelry, buttons, notions *. 5 Fabricated plastics products Other manufacturing industries

98 INDEX INDEXES OF PRODUCTION-WORKER EMPLOYMENT AND WEEKLY PAYROLL Manufacturing Industries INDEX UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LATEST DATA: APRIL MUI or IAMSTAISI» PRELIMINARY Digitized for FRASER

99 Table SA-4: m m \i\ i^11 h h U ; w s Production workers and indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payroll in manufacturing industries Period Annual f.veroge Production-worker employment Number (in thousands) Index ( average s 100) Production-worker payroll index ( average ts 100) 6,183 50,0 6, , , , *.0 7, * , , * 7,9* , , * 7, ,4* , '.' , , *.8 5,840 * *... 6,811 5 % , , , , , , ^.0 10, *9.3 12,85* P 15,01* , , ?, , , , , , 1 ^ , , * 195*... 12, ,

100 Shipyards Table SA-5; Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region (In thousands) Region 1/ Annual average * ALL REGIONS * * NAVY YARDS * NORTH ATLANTIC * 11* *0.3 * * * * *6.9 * *.3 32.* SOUTH ATLANTIC *3.3 * * * * GULF: 21.* PACIFIC *.* 33.0 Private yards * * *0.* **.5 *8.6 * GREAT LAKES: * INLAND: 5.1 * *.8 *.7 *.2 1/ The North Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The South Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Plorida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the following States: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following States: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The Inland region includes all other yards. 2J Data include Curtis Bay Coast Guard Yard. 62

101 Tabi* SA-6: Federai personnel, civilian and military (In thousands) Branch and agency A n n u a l a v e r a g e * TOTAL FEDERAL C IV IL IA N EMPLOYMENT ,188 2,188 2,305 2, *20 2,302 1,928 2, , , , , , , , , , , I Judicial *.1 * * * o / Executive * *5 9.* n o. * * TOTAL M IL IT A R Y PERSONNEL 1/... 3,oe5 3,326 3,5*5 3,6** 3,217 1,7*1 1, ,*02.0 1, , ,* * * *. 7 * I * * 1/ Data refer to Continental United States only. 2/ Includes all executive agencies (except the Central Intelligence Agency), and Government corporations. Civilian employment in navy yards, arsenals, hospitals, and on force-account construction is also included. 3/ Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia counties). 4/ Data refer to Continental United States and elsewhere. 2

102 Table SA-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State (In thousands) State Annual. Mme * Alabama... 68* * * 192.* California... *,0l8.* 3, , , , ,209.* *27.6 *07.0 *12.2 * *.* 86* * *1.2 13* * District of Columbia... *93-7 * * *89.5 Florida * * 8* Idaho... 13* ** Illinois... 3, , ,*11-* 3, ,26*.8 3,128*5 1, , ,*27.2 1, ,3*9.7 1, *. 1 62* * *6.0 5*2-3 5*6.* 5* * *7* * * * * * *0 253* * , , , , ,803.* 1, ,*37-8 2,319.* 2,*55-5 2,27**8 2, , * * *9 328.* 305*5 1, ,25*.6 1, , ,235*0 1, I * *9*0 1*7.0 35*.2 3*8.3 3*8.2 3* ** * ** * 1, , ,8*9.6 1,80*.* 1, , * , , ,973*2 5, , , , , , * * Korth Dakota * Ohio... 3,06*.7. 2, , , , ,723*7 Oklahoma *73.3 Oregon... *68.5 *53.5 *65.8 *65.2 *59.2 *35*3 Pennsylvania... 3, , ,865.* 3,775.* 3,795-* 3,602.* Rhode Island... 29* * *3 518.* * *9*-3 *51.2 South Dakota ? * ,292.* 2, , , , ,91*.* Utah ** * * 96.5 Virginia *6 Washington... 7* *70.9 * * 517*2 1, ,06*.6 1, , , ,021.0 Wyoming

103 Alabama... Arizona... Arkansas... California* Colorado*... Connecticut* Delaware... State District of Columbia. Florida* *.* «Georgia... Idaho* * Illinois... Indiana* * Iowa... Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana... Maine... Maryland... Massachusetts* Michigan* * * * * Minnesota... Mississippi*.. Missouri... Montana... Bebraska... He vada... lev Hampshire. lev Jersey... lev Mexico... lev York... Sorth Carolina* Horth Dakota* ** Ohio... Oklahoma... Oregon... Pennsylvania* ** Rhode Island.** South Carolina* South Dakota* ** Tennessee... Texas... Utah... Vermont... Virginia... Washington* * ** West Virginia* Wisconsin... Wyoming... Table SA-8: Employees in mining, by State lb *.* *.7 k *7 36* *6 2* k 8*6 11*9 2*6 * 8 *2 *.0 1**3 10*8 * 0 1*8 20*9 52* L*2 2.* 8* **0 1.* *3 7^.7 * / Mining combined vitb contract construction* 5/ Mining combined vith service and miscellaneous* (In thousands) 12*....,i s g É L 15A *.l w m m lift %) % <8 13 k.6 *.5 *.6 k.6 *.2 *.5 k.q * **.6 **.5 10* l*.l * * * * * 2.6 ( /) (I/) ( /) 17.0 S I6.9 9H i 6.k * * * (2/) *.8 *.* * * *.3 *.7 k.6 k.5 h lk * * *0 2* * *8.2 *6.8 *5.2 *3.1 f.i <8 is « * * * * * * *. 2 12* *8 3.9 * V il

104 Suite 1 mployrnttit State Table SA-9: Employees in contract construction, by State (In thousands) Annua! ayerase * * Arizona Arkansas California * **.7 2* Colorado Connecticut l/... **.7 * *1.6 * District of Columbia Florida * * *6.8 *6.* * * 10.5 Illinois... I69.O O * *.l * * *. 8 * * 52.3 *6.* Maine * * 8.6 6* Massachusetts Michigan... 11* Minnesota * 51.6 *7.5 *7.8 *9.5 ** * Nebraska * * *.7 *.5 9.* *.* * 9* * *.* * 23* * * *8.0 forth Dakota * Ohio *7.8 1*3.* 1* * * * * * *.2 South Carolina * * * * * *7.0 I63.O 171.* * Utah... 1* * *.* *.3 * Virginia *7.0 *8.5 *6.7 *6.8 *7.1 *2.7 Vest Virginia * i f Mining coablned vith contract construction. 66

105 Table SA-10: Employees in manufacturing, by State State (In thousands) Annual average I * * , , , *H7.3 * * *.* Illinois... 1, , , , , , * l6* * * *6.5 1* * * ,1*9-9 1, , , , , S * * * * * ( * U.5 7* * New York... 1,908.* 1, , , , , *36.8 ** * * 6.* , , , , , , * * , , , , , , * * * *37.8 *2* Utah * *0.* Virginia... 2* * 2* * * O i l

106 State tmplo\ment Table SA-11: Employees in transportation and public utilities, by State State (In thousands) Annual average * *30 1*8.2 * *.l * * **.2 *2.6 *5.* **.7 *3.1 *1.5 *1.2 *1.9 *2.2 *2.1 *1.6 * * * Illinois... 30* * * IO8.5 10* *.* 6*.l * * *7.7 1* *2.5 1* * 2*.* *1.7 *1.9 **.2 *2.7 *2.6 *0.5 9.* * 1*7.5 1*6.1 1*7.7 1*6.6 1* * 18.* Nev York... *88.5 *8* * * *.3 l*.l l*.l O * * *9.9 *9.* *6.6 *6.0 *8.3 *8.8 *8.5 * * * * * Utah * * * *.6 West Virginia... *9.0 * * * * * 1*.9 68

107 State Table SA-12: Employees in wholesale and retail trade, by State (In thousands) Q. 1* Florida Illinois Nev Mexico , , , , , ,243.7 North Carolina Ohio Utah West Virginia Wyoming

108 St cite F mployrncnt Table SA-13: Employees in finance, insurance, and real estate, by State State (In thousands) Annual 1average * * l8* *.0 *5.1 **.1 *2.0 * * *.9 *.6 2* *7.3 * * *.* *.3 * Illinois *7.2 *7.3 *5.3 * * * *.8 2* *.l *1.1 * * * * * *.9 *.6 * * * 5.2 *.9 *.6 *.* b.l *.8 *.6 Nev York... *33.9 *2*. 8 *16.3 * h *.8 *.6 *.5 *.1 3o8 3.8 Ohio * A 15.* 1* * * * *.9 *.8 *.6 * *.l * *.8 Utah * Virginia... *0.* *.l 32.* * * * * _

109 Table SA-14: Employees in service and miscellaneous, by State State (In thousands) Annua] average * * Arkansas *.l *9*-9 W 7.6 *75.7 **7.9 * *.l * 52.0 * I * 10.9 District of Columbia 1/ * * * 8*.6 Qk.l *.3 16.* *.8 1*.3 Illinois * * * *9.3 6* * * *.l * * *7.5 1*2.* **.9 **.6 **.1 *2.9 *1.7 1/ *2.* I69.* 16* New York * 78* *.7 1*.9 1* Ohio * * *.l *9.0 * * *o.* *.7 1*.9 1*.5 92.* * Utah... 2* * * *.l *2.0 *2.* *2.0 *1.8 * Wyoming l/ Mining combined vith service and miscellaneous.

110 State hnplovment State Table SA-15-" Employees in government, by State (In thousands) Annua. average * _ , * *7.9 6*2.7 6* * * * *8.* *6.8 Florida... 15*. 7 1*2.* * *1.8 1* * *.9 Illinois * *8.0 1*3.7 1* * * *.* *1.8 *1.7 *1.* *2.3 * n * * * * 6*.l 6* *8.1 1* * * * *.* 6*.l * * *.* *5.* *3.8 * * * *7 71* * * * * 2*. 8 2*. 5 Ohio * 69.O * * é O * * Texas... 3* Utah *.2 * Virginia l/ * *2.8 1*7.0 1*6.3 1*6.6 1*9.3 1* West Virginia * * * * / Federal employment in Maryland and Virginia portions of the Washington, D. C., metropolitan area included in data for District of Columbia. 12

111 Table SA-16.' Employees in nonagricullural establishments for selected areas, by industry division Area (In thousands) Annual average * J. m i 19*50 ALABAMA Birmingham * Mining * Transportation and public utilities * *3.5 *3.5 * Finance, insurance, and real estate l6.* Nobile Total Contract construction... * > 15.* * Finance, Insurance, and real estate * ARIZONA Phoenix Total * 72.6 Mining > *.2 11.* * * * Finance, Insurance, and real estate *.8 * * Tucson Total... *5.8 *1.6 *3.7 * Mining * *.3 * *.9 6.* 7.* Transportation «aid public utilities... * * * Finance, insurance, and real estate * 1.* * * ARKANSAS Little Rock-North Little Rock * *.8 *.8 * Transportation and public utilities * * * Finance, insurance, and real estate... *.5 *.2 * Service and miscellaneous l/ * * * CALIFORNIA Fresno * 13.* See footnotes at end of table. II

112 Arca fmployrnent Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousand*) Annual average * CALIFORNIA - Continued Los Angeles-Lon* Beach Total... 1, ,852.* 1, , , , * * *.3 Contract construction *0.* *22.* Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade *1*.7 *09.* * Finance, insurance, and real estate *9.3 2* *. 0 18* Sacramento * San Bernard ino -R iver s id 9 -Ontar io Manufacturing San PltfO I I63.O Mining *.* *5.8 *6.7 *8.5 * * Wholesale and retail trade... *1.5 *0.7 * Finance, insurance, and real estate *.5 Service and miscellaneous * *2.2 *0.3 *1.2 * San Franclsco-Oakland Total Mining * 1.* 1.* * 57.0 Manufacturing... I85.I 18* Transportation and public utilities * I88.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate * * * *9.8 San Jose n o. * * Mining Manufacturing * Transportation and public utilities... 7-* * 6.* Finance, insurance, and real estate * Service and Miscellaneous l*.l *.6 13.* Stockton See footnotes at end of table. JÌ 12.* * 13.*

113 Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued (In thousands) Annual average * COLORADO Denver Total Mining * Contract construction *.2 *3.0 *1.5 **.* ** * Transportation and public utilities *.l Wholesale and retail trade * * * Government ' A c o m c n c u T Brldjpgort Total... U * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade * Sartford Total Contract construction l/ * Manufacturing * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade... * Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous * Veir Britain Total... *1.* *2.1 *3.7 * Contract construction 1/ Manufacturing * *.8 Finance, Insurance, and real estate * 2.* lev Haven Total * Contract construction l / Manufacturing... *5.6 *6.7 *9.6 * 5 9 ** Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate * Service and miscellaneous Government See footnotes at end of table. 11

114 Arca Imployment Table SA-16: Employ««* in nonagricultural «stablishmcnts for selected areas, by industry division - Continued (In thousands) Area Annual average * COVHECTICUT - Continued Stanford *9.9 *9.* *6.9 * Transportation and public utilities * Wholesale and retail trade * 8.0 Finance, Insurance, and real estate * * Government * 3 A Total... * * Waterbury Total Contract construction 1/ *2.9 *8.0 *3.5 **.* *0.6 Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous * * Government * *.7 *.5 *.* DELAWARE Wilmington * VT.4 DISTRICT OF COLOMBIA Washington Total Contract construction * Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities... *2.2 *2.3 *3.6 *3.1 * * Wholesale and retail trade O * Finance, Insurance, and real estate... 3* Service and miscellaneous l/ *.2 Government * * FLORIDA Jacksonville Contract construction * *.7 Transportation and public utilities... 1*.0 1*.* 1*.7 1*.6 1*.8 1*.* Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous l/... 1* * Government Miami Total * * Contract construction... 2* * *.7 22.* Transportation and public utilities * * Wholesale and retail trade * *9.2 Finance, Insurance, and real estate * **.3 * * Government See footnotes at end of table. Zi

115 Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average FLORIDA - Continued Tampa-St. Petersburg Transportation and public utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous l/ GEORGIA Atlanta * Wholesale and retail trade Service and miscellaneous 1/ Government Savannah Contract construction U Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous 1/ IDAHO Boise Total Transportation and public utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate ILLINOIS Chicago Total... 2, , , , Contract construction Manufacturing , , Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous See footnotes at end of table. II

116 Arca f mploymenl Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average INDIANA Eransrllle O Transportation and public Utilities * Wholesale and retali trade Finance, Insurance, and reai estate Fort Wayne Contraet constructlan Transportation and publlc Utilities * Finance, Insurance, and reai estate Indianapolis Transportation and publlc Utilities Finance, Insurance, and reai estate / South Bend Transportation and publlc Utilities * Finance, Insurance, and reai estate IOWA Des MoInes Contract construction Transportation and publlc Utilities Finance, Insurance, and reai estate Serrlce and Biscellaneous l/ KARBA8 Topeka Contract construction Transportation and publlc Utilities Wholesale and retali trade Finance, Insurance, and reai estate *1 See footnotes at end of table.

117 Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average KAMSAS - Continued Wichita Transportation and public utilities... 7.* Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government KENTUCKY Louisville Total Contract construction Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous l/ ' LOUISIANA Baton Roune Mining Contract construction O Transportation and public utilities * Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate ' Nev Orleans Total Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade O - Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government MAINE Lewiston Total Contract construction Manufac tur lng Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate * See footnotes at end of table.

118 Area I mployment Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricullural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average * _ MAIIE - Continued Portland ' Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade... l* Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous 1/ * 3.* 3.* MARYLAND Baltimore Total *5-* *97.6 Mining Contract construction... * * Transportation and public utilities Finance, Insurance, and real estate I Service and miscellaneous MASSACHUSETTS Boston Total * *5.* * * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate O Service and miscellaneous l/ O Fall Biver *9.5 * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Nev Bedford Transportation and public utilities Springfield-Holvoke I63.I 16*. 0 - Contract construction Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate See footnotes at end of table. 80

119 Tabl«SA-16: Employ«««in nonagricultural establishments, for s«l«ct«d ar«as, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average * _ MASSACHUSETTS - Continued Worcester * *8.8 *8.* *.9 50.* Transportation and public utilities * Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate... *.1 *.1 *.0 * Service and miscellaneous l/ Government * MICHIGAN Detroit Total... 1, , , Mining * * '627.5 Transportation and public utilities * Wholesale and retail trade *9.8 2* Finance, Insurance, and real estate... *6.1 **.5 * * I 106.* Flint Manufacturing * Grand Baplds Manufacturing... 5* Lansing Muskegon Saginaw ~ " MINNESOTA Duluth *1.0 *1.6 **.* *3.1 *3.6 *3.4 Contract construction * * Transportation and public utilities * Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous l/ i 5.9 Government... *.1 *.1 *.2 *.2 3.9! *.0 Minneapolis-St. Paul Total... *78.9 *76.* *87.* *6*.9 ** * * Transportation and public utilities * Finance, insurance, and real estate * Service and miscellaneous 1/ * 5*.* * 56.* * 52.* See footnotes at end of table. 81

120 Arca Employment Table SA-16': Employee* in nonagricultural establishment«for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) 1955 VO Annua]L average lfcp_ MISSISSIPPI Jaokson Total Mining * * «- Wholesale and retail trade.. 1* * ** MISSOURI Kansas City Total * * Mining *8 21.* ** Mi-. 7 **.* *7.0 *5.8 **.1 *2.2 Wholesale and retail trade... 9*.2 9* * *o.* *0.0 * * St* Louis fctel * ^ * * Wholesale and retail trade... *... 1* * I MONTAKA (treat Falls « * * * * " HEERASKA Omaha 1*6.8 1*6.2 1** * t * * Wholesale and retail w a d e *.9 l* S e e f o o t notes at end o f table. 82

121 Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average 195* ^ 19* NEVADA. Reno Total... 2* * * * *.9 *.8 * * - - NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester *0.9 *0.1 *0.7 * * * 20* * 2.* Wholesale and retail lsnde« *.2 *.2 *.2 *.2 *.2 * NEW JERSEY Nevark-Jersey City 5/ Ofotal Mining * * * * *.* Wholesale sud retail trade «1*1.* 1*2«* 1*2.1 1*1.* *5.0 *6.2 *6.2 ** a 7*.* * - Paterson 5/ Total _ Mining * * Wholesale and retail trade * Perth Amboy 5/ * Mining * 85.O * Wholesale and retail trade See footnotes at end of table« '

122 Area Employment Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Are a (In thousands) Annual average * _ 1950 NEW JERSEY - Continued Trenton Total *0.9 4o.o * Wholesale and retail trade * NEW MEXICO Albuquerque *.o *.9 * * * l4.o * m i YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton o l.l * Buffalo 4*3.4 * / *«> o.o * *. 6 4* / Elmira Total See footnotes at end of table. 8 4

123 Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual iveraqc ' i NEW YORK - Continued Nassau and Suffolk Counties 5/ Total * _ 95.* 10* *8.5 Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and, retail isrede «64, *8.0 *3.1 1* *7.1 * New York-Northeastern New Jersey Total... 5, , * , ,7*0.7 1, , , ,671.9 Transportation and public utilities... *65.9 * Wholesale and retail trade... 1,1*9.2 1, Finance, Insurance, and real estate... *33.6 * * i _ New York City 5/ 3, , , , ,573.5! 3,528.2 Mining i *.* I , , ! Transportation and public utilities ! Wholesale and retail trade * Finance, insurance, and real estate *7.0 3* * * * *08.8 *18.3 * ! Rochester Total * 21* * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate *.8 Syracuse * *2.1 1* Transportation and public utilities *.l 33.* 32.8 \ Utica-Rome 9* * *1.2 * *3.7 *5.7 **.1 Transportation and public utilities / W h o le s a le a n d r e t a i l tra d e * F i n a n c e, I n s u r a n c e, a n d r e a l e s t a t e * *.5 See f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b l e. 8 1

124 Ar va f mployrru'fit Table SA 16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area MEW YORK - Continued Westchester County 5/ (In thousands) Annual average 1955 _ 195^ I95I * «9 15.* *8.9 * *8.9 *7.6 * * * - NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Greensboro-High Point Raleigh-Durham Winston-Salem 8*«6 8*. 3 8*.* 8*.* ! j * i «* *. 2! * *.8 *.2 { *.1 10.* ! * i * NORTH DAKOTA Fargo * Wholesale and retail trade«««« * * OHIO Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Dayton 91*6 88.* I69.O * OKLAHOMA. Oklahoma City Total... 1* * * See footnotes at end of table. 86

125 Table SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average 1 & 5 195* W " ". 1# 1 _ 1950 OKLAHOMA - Continued Oklahoma City - Continued U. O Wholesale and retail trade... 37** *.* Tulsa Total » Wholesale and retail trade * *.* l*.7 l*.l * OREGON Portland Total... 2* _ * * * * * PEHHSYLVAHIA Allentovn-Bethlehem-Easton Erie *0.5 * Harrisburg 13* *.* *.3 13* Wholesale and retail trade...e..e * * Lancaster See footnotes at end of table. *5.0 *3.1 4$ *

126 A rea f mpioyment Tabi* SA-16: Em ploy*«in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area PENNSYLVANIA - Continued Philadelphia (In thousands) Annual average * _ ^ Pittsburgh Total * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail w d f i Finance, insurance, and real estate * * Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton York **.6 * RHODE ISIAND Providence &tei: * * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail M o d e Finance, insurance, and real estate u. o *2 28.* SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Total * ? ' Transportation and public utilities * *.1 Wholesale and retail ti'äde... UL Finance, insurance, and real estate * *.6 * Greenville See footnotes at end of table

127 Tabi* SA-16: Employ«*» in nonaflhcultural establishments, for s«l«ct«d ar«os, by industry division - Continued Area (In thoulanda) Annual average Ì ^ _ 195Ì _ SOUTH DAKOTA. Sioux Falls Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade * Finance, insurance, and real estate / 3.0 y 2.9 1/ 2.8 2/ 4.7 2/ 4.7 2/ TENNESSEE Chattanooga Mining * * 4* Transportation and public utilities * 5.* Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate * * Khoacville ' w a r * kk Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade... 2fc * *6 Finance, insurance, and real estate * Memphis Mining * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate * * * Nashville 'Ktairr * * * / Transportation and public utilities B * Wholesale and retail trade 29* Finance, insurance, and real estate See footnotes at end of table. 82.

128 A ica [ mploymcnt Tabi* SA-16: Employ«*«in nonagricultural *stablishm*nts for s*l*ct*d areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousand«) Annual,verace 1 & 5 _ 195V 1953 l & t m 12*0 UTAH Salt lake City "" K ü r...: * * > U Wholesale and retail trade * * l4.l VERMONT Burlington « * * * * Springfield / %J / / / y VIRGINIA Norfolk-Portsmouth *otal * - - Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade R1 almond * Wholesale and retail trade«... * U I « * See footnotes at end of table* 2

129 Tabi* SA-16: Employ«««in nonagricultural establishments, for s«l«ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued Area A fi (In thousands) average *> WASHDRKCOH Seattle 2$k * Wholesale and retail "Brade ,4 35.* *9 * Spokane O * Wholesale and retail trade * SbcGua t t Wholesale and retail 'trade*.e WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Miningi l * * Wholesale and retail trade Wheeling -Steubenville ttbtai:...*...;;::... U Wholesale and retail trade See footnotes at end of table* Sk

130 Arca f mployment T able SA-16: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Area (In thousands) Annual average * WISCONSIN Milwaukee Total... * _ * Wholesale and retail ui'cide * * _ 3* Bacine *2.0 - _ * Wholesale and retail * A * * * w y o m i r } Casper Wholesale and retail trade...«.e k l/ Includes Mining. 5/ Includes mining and government. 5/ Not strictly comparable with data shown for later years. y Includes mining and finance. 2/ Subarea of lew York-Northeastern New Jersey. 32

131 Table SB-1: M o n th ly la b o r turnover rates in manufacturing industries (Bar 100 employees) Separation rate Tear Total accession rate TOTAL Quit Discharge Layoff Miscellaneous, including military * b.q b.b * * 7 b. l b b. b 3A *.l * * b.b 3 b a... 5-* b b *.3.b b.q 3.*.b b.b b.6 2.8,b b U k * * X NOTE: Prior to 19*0 miscellaneous separations were included with quits. 21

132 Table SB-2: M onthly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries Amniifl average, (Per 100 employees) Industry Total acceeaion rate Total separation rate MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS B e v e r a g e s : TOBACCO MANUFACTURES TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS Dyeing and finishing textiles Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS Hen's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings and work LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Other furniture and fixtures PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS See footnotes at end of table.

133 Table SB-2: Monthly labor turnover rates in selected industries - Continued Annual overage, (Per 100 employees) Industry Separation rate - Quit Separation rate - Discharge MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS B e v e r a g e s : TOBACCO MANUFACTURES TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber Dyeing and finishing textiles... l.l Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings Men's and boys' suits and coats APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' furnishings and work LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Other furniture and fixtures PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Pulp, paper, and paperboard m i lls Paperboard containers and boxes...* CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS l.l / ) (i/) (i/).9.8 l.l See footnotes at end of table. 25

134 Lilvi I Table SB-2: Monthly labor turnover rates in selected industries - Continued Animal «rerag«, Industry (Per 100 employees) Separation rate - layoff Separation rato - MUoaHanooua, including military MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Beverages: TOBACCO MANUFACTURES (1/) TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber (I/) (l/> Dyeing and finishing textiles Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings and work (1/) LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated FURNITURE AND FIXTURES , PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills Paperboard containers and b o x e s CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS * See footnotes at end of table. 26

135 Table SB-2: M o n t h ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-continued Industry Annual average, (Per 100 employees) Total accession rats Total séparation rats PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Petroleum refining RUBBER PRODUCTS... J.l ? ?? Other rubber products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, ar^ finished Footwear (except rubber) STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES... Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling Iron and steel foundries Gray-iron foundries Malleable-iron foundries Steel foundries Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals: Primary smelting and refining of copper, Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals: Rolling, drawing, and alloying of copper Other primary metal industries: Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) ?* Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and edge tools H ardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies... Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere * classified Fabricated structural metal products Metal stamping, coating, and engraving See footnotes at end of table. 2Z

136 ! jber Turnover Table SB-2: M o n t h ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-continued Industry Annual average, (Per 100 employees) Separation rate - Quit Separation rate - Wacharge PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL (i/) w ( /) <i/> (±/) (±/) RUBBER PRODUCTS LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Footwear (except rubber) STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glass products PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills a / ) Iron and steel foundries Gray-iron foundries Steel foundries... l. k Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals: Primary smelting and refining of copper, l. k Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals: Rolling, drawing, and alloying of copper l.i l.l Other primary metal industries: Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware; Cutlery and edge tools H ardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products... l. k Metal stamping, coating, and engraving See footnotes at end of table. 28

137 Table SB-2: M o n t h ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-continued Industry Anrai«! sv«r«g*, (Per 100 employees) Separation rate - Layoff Separation rate - MUoellaneouB, including military ^ PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Petroleum refining RUBBER PRODUCTS Other rubber products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glass products , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills Malleable-iron foundries Steel foundries Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals: Primary smelting and refining of copper, Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals: Rolling, drawing, and alloying of copper Other primary metal industries: FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and edge t o ols Hardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' supplies Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products Metal stamping, coating, and engraving S ee footnotes at end of table

138 Libor Turnover Table SB-2: M onthly la b o r turnover rates in selected in dustries-c o n tin u ed Annual average, (Per 100 employees) Industry Total accession rats Total separation rate MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors Construction and mining machinery Metalworking machinery , Metalworking machinery (except machine Machine-tool accessories Special-industry machinery (except metal General industrial machinery Office and store machines and devices Service-industry and household machines ?? ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Radios, phonographs, television sets, and equipment Telephone, telegraph, and related equipment Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscel TRANSRORTATION EQUIPMENT A utomobiles Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and p a rts Aircraft propellers and parts l.l Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing u. l Railroad equipment Locomotives and p a r t s Railroad and street cars ? Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS ? Photographic apparatus Watches and clocks Professional and scientific instruments MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e See footnotes at end of table

139 Table SB-2: M onthly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-continued Annual average, (Per 100 employees) Industry Separation rate - Quit Separation rate - Discharge MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors Construction and mining machinery Metalworking machinery Machine tools Metalworking machinery (except machine Machine-tool accessories Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery) General industrial machinery Office and store machines and devices Service-industry and household machines Miscellaneous machinery p a r t s ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Communication equipment Radios, phonographs, television sets, and equipment Telephone, telegraph, and related equipment Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT A utomobiles Aircraft and p a rts Aircraft Aircraft engines and parts Aircraft propellers and p a r t s Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing A Railroad equipment Locomotives and p a rts...,k Railroad and street cars....9 l.l Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Photographic apparatus (!/) (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) Watches and clocks Professional and scientific instruments MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e See footnotes at end of table.

140 I ahoi Turnover Table SB-2: M onthly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-c ontinued Annual average, (Per 100 employees) Industry leparation rat# - Layoff Separation rata - MUoellaneous, including military MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Agricultural machinery and tractors Construction and mining machinery Metalworking machinery Metalworking machinery (except machine Special-industry machinery (except metal General industrial machinery Office and store machines and devices Service-industry and household machines Miscellaneous machinery p a r t s ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Radios, phonographs, television sets, and equipment Telephone, telegraph, and related equipment (i/) Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Automobiles Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft propellers and p a r t s Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Railroad and street cars Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Photographic apparatus Watches and clocks Professional and scientific instruments MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e See footnotes at end of table.

141 Table SB-2: M o n th ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-c ontinued Animal average, (Per 100 employees) Industry Total accession rat* Total separation rat I N O m W A C m ih G : METAL MINING ANTHRACITE MINING BITUMINOUS-COAL MINING COMMUNICATION: Telegraph 2/ * Separation rate - Quit Separation rat. - Disoharge METAL MINING b 5 (1/) G/) ANTHRACITE MINING <2/> G/> <i/> (3/) (3/) e/> BITUMINOUS-COAL MINING (i/> (i/) <i/> COMMUNICATION: 1.3 l.l l.l (i/>.1.1 Sept»rationi rate - MLs(Milam>OUS, Séparation rats - Layoff including military METAL MINING « # (1/) Ci/) ANTHRACITE MINING BITUMINOUS-COAL MINING COMMUNICATION: l/ Less than 0.05* %J Bata relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis* 103

142 Hours and Earnings MINING: Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers Industry or nonsupervisory employees Annual average, Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly METAL MINING... $92.42 $84.46 $38.^ $2.19 *2.07 $2.04 Iron mining ) O Lead and zinc mining a ANTHRACITE BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services) NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING I.70 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION Other nonbuilding construction BUILDING CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTORS SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS Painting and decorating Electrical work III MANUFACTURING o I DURABLE GOODS...« i I NONDURABLE GOODS *8 39.O ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES o I.90 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS l I I Sausages and casings Dairy products I I I 1.1*6 l.4l 1.36 Sea iood, canned and cured Canned fruits, vegetables, and soups l 1.37 Grain-mill products Flour and other grain-mill products I I I Bread and other bakery products I.60 Biscuits, crackers, and pretzels See footnotes at end of table. 104

143 MINING: Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers Industry or nonsupervisory employees» Annual average, Average weekly Average weekly hours Hour:-.»nu t Average hourly I METAL MINING... $81.65 $74.56 $ $1.86 *L.7l I.515 Copper m ining O I.601 Lead and zinc mining ll I ANTHRACITE I.970 BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: Petroleum and natural-gas production l.l I.815 NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING I.36I CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION I.982 NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION l.l " I.98 I.796 Highway and street... 8o.a i.l I Other nonbuilding construction o BUILDING CONSTRUCTION I O3I GENERAL CONTRACTORS I.915 SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS I 2.II Electrical work... IIO O87 MANUFACTURING o DURABLE GOODS I NONDURABLE GOODS ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES l I FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS I l Dairy products ll I.261 Condensed and evaporated m i l k I.299 Canning and preserving I Sea food, canned and cured o Canned fruits, vegetables, and soups I I Flour and other grain-mill products o Bread and other bakery products Biscuits, crackers, and pretzels See footnotes at end of table* 105

144 Hours.nid L u n in a s t? Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Annual average, Average weekly earnintfs Average weekly hours Average hourly earninés FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued $ $ *1.77 $1.69 * Beet sugar Confectionery and related products Distilled, rectified, and blended Corn sirup, sugar, oil, and starch TOBACCO MANUFACTURES I TEXT1LE-MILL PRODUCTS I I Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber I , No r t h Sout h N orth South I.l Dyeing and finishing textiles Dyeing and finishing textiles (except Oarpets, rugs, other floor coverings Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet yarn Hats (except cloth and millinery) I Miscellaneous textile goods Pelt goods (except woven felts and I Paddings and upholstery filling Processed waste and recovered fibers Artificial leather, oilcloth, and See footnotes at end of table. 106

145 Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Annual average, Average weekly earninds Average weekly hours H o u r -»I.; L n n i n ^ s Average hourly FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued * *L.53 *1.46 Cane-sugar refining l.l 4l.o Beet sugar i.l Confectionery and related products Confect ionery o Malt liquors l.l * Distilled, rectified, and blended Miscellaneous food products Corn sirup, sugar, oil, and starch Manufactured ice TOBACCO MANUFACTURES *f Cigarettes « Tobacco stemming and redrying TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS Scouring and combing plants Broad-woven fabric mills o.i Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber I Knitting m i lls Dyeing and finishing textiles Dyeing and finishing textiles (except Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet yarn Hats (except cloth and millinery) Miscellaneous textile goods l - Felt goods (except woven felts and Paddings and upholstery filling o.l Processed waste and recovered fibers Artificial leather, oilcloth, and other coated fabrics See footnotes at end of table. 107

146 Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Annual average, 1953*1955 Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... $49.41 $48.06 $ *1-35 *1.35 $ Men's and b o y s 1 furnishings and work ' Women's, children's under garments Underwear and nightwear, except corsets Corsets and allied garments Miscellaneous apparel and accessories Other fabricated textile products Curtains, draperies, and other house LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Logging camps and contractors I Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated o.o > FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Wood household furniture, except Wood household furniture, upholstered Office, public-building, and professional furniture l.l I Partitions, shelving, lockers, and I Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furni See footnotes at end of table.

147 Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Animal Average, Industry Average weekly Average w e e k l y hours Hours j i h : Laii):n^s Average hourly APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS 1/... *47.58 *46.31 * $1.30 $1.29 * M e n s and boys' furnishings and work Shirts, collars, and n i g htwear Separate t r o u s e r s Women's suits, coats, and s k i r t s Women's, children's under garm e nt s Underwear and nightwear, except c.orsets Corsets and allied g a r m e n t s Miscellaneous apparel and accessories Other f abricated textile p r o d u c t s Curtains, draperies, and other house Textile b a g s LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) Sawmills and planing m i l l s Sawmills and planing mills, g e n e r a l ^ Millwork, plywood, and p r e f a b r i c a t e d structural wood p r o d u c t s I I Wooden boxes, other than c i g a r FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Wood h o u sehold furniture, except Wood household furniture, upholstered l l I Mattresses and b e d s p r i n g s Office, public-building, and p r o f e ssional f u r n i t u r e _ Wood office f u r n i t u r e _ _ Metal office f u r n i t u r e Partitions, shelving, lockers, and Screens, blinds, and m i scellaneous furni See footnotes at end of table. 102

148 Hours and Earnings Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, Industry Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... $ $ $ O $1.83 *1.75 $ I Fiber cans, tubes, and drums Other paper and allied products PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES I I.67 Miscellaneous publishing and printing CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS I O O I I.96 I I Soap, cleaning and polishing I O I Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and Gum and wood chemicals I Fertilizers I I Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics O I.96 I.90 PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Coke, other petroleum and coal products I.89 RUBBER PRODUCTS &S I.69?: LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Industrial leather belting and packing Boot and shoe cut stock and findings I.34 I I See footnotes at end of table

149 Hour.-.i Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Annual average, Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly I952 I95I 1950 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... $68.91 *65.51 $6l.l *1.61 *1.52 $1,412 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills I Paperboard containers and boxes. / O I I.32I PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES I I I I Bookbinding and related industries * I.56 - Miscellaneous publishing and printing O CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS I.7I 1.63 I.510 Industrial inorganic chemicals l.o I.80 I I Plastics, except synthetic rubber l.l I o.l Drugs and medicines.... jl/ l.l 40* Soap, cleaning and polishing l I I.722 Paints, pigments, and fillers I I.532 Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and l I.34 - Fertilizers Vegetable and animal oils and fats &? I.34 I I o I l.l Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics I.70 - PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Petroleum refining I.929 Coke, other petroleum and coal products l.8 - I RUBBER PRODUCTS * l.O 4o.l I l I l.l I l6 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS I Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Industrial leather belting and packing l.i I.56 I I See footnotes at end of table. m.

150 Hours and Earnings Table SC-1: Hours m d gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, Industry Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued Luggage... $60.28 $56.78 $ $1.53 $1.51 $1.46 Handbags and small leather goods I.23 Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers OO Pressed and blown glass Glass products made of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and hollow tile Floor and wall tile Clay refractories Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete products Cut-stone and stone products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral Abrasive products Nonclay refractories PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, except electrometallurgical Electrometallurgical products Malleable-iron foundries Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Primary smelting and refining of Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing and alloying of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Nonferrous foundries Miscellaneous primary metal industries Iron and steel forgings Welded and he&vy-riveted pipe S e e f ootnotes at e n d of table. 112

151 Hour:- ishî Lim ing* Table SC-1: Hours end gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, Industry Average w e e k l y A v e r a g e w e e k l y hours Average hourly LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued L u g g a g e... *56.70 * *4 - *1.40 * Handbags and small leather g o o d s Gloves and m i s c e l l a n e o u s leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS * *1.437 Flat g l a s s Glass and glassware, p r essed or blown Glass c o n t a i n e r s o.l l6 Pressed and blown g l a s s Glass products made of purchased glass Cement, h y d r a u l i c S t r u c t u r a l clay p r o d u c t s.. + / I.338 B r i c k and h ollow t i l e Floor and wall t i l e Sewer p i p e o.l C l a y r e f r a c t o r i e s o.l Pottery and r e lated p r o d u c t s Concrete, gypsum, and p l aster products k Concrete p r o d u c t s ^ C u t - s t o n e and stone p r o d u c t s l.l Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral p r o d u c t s o Abrasive p r o d u c t s Asbestos p r o d u c t s N o n c l a y r e f r a c t o r i e s PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, except e l e c t r o m e t a l l u r g i c a l p r o d u c t s E l e c t r o m e t a l l u r g i c a l p r o d u c t s l.l o Gray-iron foundries Steel f o u n d r i e s l.l Primary smelting and refining of n onferrous m e t a l s Primary smelting and refining of copper, lead, and z i n c Frimary refining of aluminum l o Secondary smelting and refining of n onferrous m e t a l s l.l Rolling, drawing and alloying of nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of c o p p e r Rolling, drawing, and alloying of aluminum *.l l. k 96 N o n f e r r o u s f o u n d r i e s Miscellaneous primary metal industries «. Iron and steel forgings lk. * Welded and heavy-riveted pipe i See footnotes at end of table. W l

152 Hours and f amings Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, ? Industry Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly * * 1953 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) $ * Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware *> * Hardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and * Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products OI Structural steel and ornamental metal 83.OO * Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and 82.8e Sheet-metal w o r k Metal stamping, coating, and engraving l Fabricated wire products > Miscellaneous fabricated metal products Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, 90.7k MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Steam engines, turbines, and water Diesel and other internal-combustion * Agricultural machinery (except tractors) Construction and mining machinery, * Machine tools Metalworking machinery (except machine Machine-tool accessaries Special-industry machinery (except metal Paper-industries machinery I.87 Printing-trades machinery and equipment See footnotes at end of table. m

153 Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Annual average, Average weekly Average weekly hours H o u r-.it;.; i Average hourly FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT). *72.38 *68.81 * l.4 *1.74 *1.65 *1.532 Tin cans and other tinware Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware l.l Cutlery and edge tools Hand t ools Hardware l.l Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' supplies o.8 4l.O 4l.l Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products *0 Structural steel and ornamental metal Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and trim «Boiler-shop products Sheet-metal w o r k Metal stamping, coating, and engraving Vitreous-enameled products Stamped and pressed metal products Lighting fixtures... ^ I.60 - Fabricated wire products Miscellaneous fabricated metal products Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, Steel springs... 7Î Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets Screw-machine products MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) * Engines and turbines * * Steam engines, turbines, and water wheels » Diesel and other internal-combustion engines, not elsewhere classified Agricultural machinery and tractors o.l T ractors i.64o Agricultural machinery (except Construction and mining machinery Construction and mining machinery, except for oil fields Oil field machinery and tools Metalworking machinery Machine tools l.6l4 Metalworking machinery (except machine Machine-tool accessaries Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery) Food-products machinery Textile machinery Paper-industries machinery Printing-trades machinery and equipment See footnotes at end of table. IT\ CO. H

154 Table SC-1: Hour» and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, Industry Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued General industrial machinery... *86.73 *80.19 * $2.07 $ Pumps, air and as compressors Conveyors and conveying equipment Blowers, exhaust and ventilating fans Industrial trucks, tractors, etc Mechanical power-transmission equipment Mechanical stokers and industrial Office and store machines and devices I.92 Computing machines and cash registers Typewriters Service-industry and household machines Domestic laundry equipment... Commercial laundry, dry-cleaning, and Sewing machines... Refrigerators and air-conditioning I Miscellaneous machinery parts Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves ELECTRICAL MACHINERY... Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Carbon and graphite products (electrical)... Electrical indicating, measuring, and Motors, generators, and motor-generator sets a Power and distribution transformers Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial Electrical welding apparatus o I Electrical equipment for vehicles l Communication equipment Radios, phonographs, television sets, and equipment... i Telephone, telegraph, and related Primary batteries (dry and wet)... X-ray and non-radio electronic tubes... See footnotes at end of table

155 Table SC-1: Hours and gross oarnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Annual average, Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued $79-24 $77.08 $ $1.83 $ Conveyors and conveying equipment Blowers, exhaust and ventilating fans I.67 - Industrial trucks, tractors, e t c Mechanical power-transmission equipment Mechanical stokers and industrial Office and store machines and devices Computing machines and cash registers Service-industry and household machines I.72 - Commercial laundry, dry-cleaning, and Sewing machines..., I Refrigerators and air-conditioning I Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves Ball and roller bearings Machine shops (Job and repair) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus Carbon and graphite products Electrical indicating, measuring, and « Motors, generators, and motor-generator Power and distribution transformers Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls _ I U Electric lamps Radios, phonographs, television sets, Telephone, telegraph, and related Primary batteries (dry and w e t ) X-ray and non-radio electronic tubes See footnotes at and of table.

156 Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued A n n u a l average, Industry Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... Automobiles... Motor vehicles, bodies, parts, and accessories... Truck and bus bodies... Trailers (truck and automobile)... Aircraft and p arts...*. Aircraft... Aircraft engines and parts... Aircraft propellers and parts... Other aircraft parts and equipment... Ship and boat building and repairing... Shipbuilding and repairing... Boatbuilding and repairing... Railroad equipment... Locomotives and p arts... Railroad and street cars... Other transportation equipment... INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS... Laboratory, scientific, and engineering instruments... Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments... Optical instruments and lenses... Surgical, medical, ana dental instruments... Ophthalmic goods... Photographic apparatus... Watches and clocks... $ i» $ $ l $ I $ $ l MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.. Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware... Jewelry and findings... Silverware and plated ware... Musical instruments and parts... Toys and sporting goods... Games, toys, dolls, and cihildren's vehicles... Sporting and athletic goods... Pens, pencils, other office supplies... Costume jewelry, buttons, notions... Fabricated plastics products... Other manufacturing industries... See footnotes at end of table I.60

157 Hour Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry A n n u a l average, Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... *81.14 *75.67 * *1.96 $ Motor vehicles, bodies, parts, and Truck and bus bodies Aircraft and parts Aircraft tfm Aircraft engines and parts l.* Aircraft propellers and parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Shipbuilding and repairing Boatbuilding and repairing Railroad equipment Locomotives and parts Railroad and street cars I.606 Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Laboratory, scientific, and engineering instruments _ _ Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments Optical instruments and lenses Surgical, medical, ana dental instruments Ophthalmic goods Photographic apparatus Watches and clocks MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES I Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e Silverware and plated w a r e Games, toys, dolls, and (Children's _ _ Pens, pencils, other office supplies Costume jewelry, buttons, notions Other manufacturing industries l.l See footnotes at end of table. m

158 Hours ai id Fam ines Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, Industry TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: Average weekly Average weekly hours Average ho.urly * TRANSPORTATION: $ $78.74 $ $1.95 $1.93 $ COMMUNICATION: Telephone ^ Switchboard operating employees 3/ Line construction, installation, and OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES: Gas and electric utilities kl.o Electric light and gas utilities com molesale AND RETAIL TRADE: WHOLESALE TRADE J*o RETAIL TRADE (EXCEPT FATING AND DRINKING PLACES) Department stores and general mail Automotive and accessories dealers Apparel and accessories stores Other retail trade: Lumber and hardware supply stores * FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: ' SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Personal services: Cleaning and dyeing plants Motion pictures: Motion-picture production and distri l/ Beginning vlth 1951* data are not strictly comparable with those shown for earlier years. 2/ Beginning vlth 1953; data Include only privately operated establishments, and are not comparable vlth those fehown through 1952 as the earlier series Included both privately and government operated local rallvays and bus lines. 3/ Data relate to employees In such occupations In the telephone Industry as svltchboard operators, service assistants, operating room Instructors, and pay-station attendants. During I955 such employees made up 4l percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees In telephone establishments reporting hours and data. 4/ Data relate to employees In such occupations In the telephone Industry as central office craftsmen; Installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1955 such employees 120

159 Table SC-1: Hours and gross of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Annual average, Industry Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads... $7^.30 $70.93 $ o $1.83 *1.73 $1,572 Local railways and bus lines g / » COMMUNICATION: Switchboard operating employees 3/-»» Line construction, installation, and Telegraph J/... «72.1* *43.4 1* * OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES: Gas and electric utilities Electric light and power utilities Electric light and gas utilities combined WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: WHOLESALE TRADE I RETAIL TRADE (EXCEPT FATING AND DRINKING PLACES) * General merchandise stores * i.o4 977 Department stores and general mailorder houses... 1* Pood and liquor stores *0.1 4o Automotive and accessories dealers Apparel and accessories stores Other retail trade: Furniture and appliance stores Lumber and hardware supply stores l FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: S e c u r i t y d e alers and e x c h a n g e s Insurance carriers SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Hotels, year-round &j.... Personal services: Laundries l.l Cleaning and dyeing plants l.o 4l.l Motion pictures: Motion-picture production and distri made up 26 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and data. 5/ Beginning with 1952, data relate to domestic employees, except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis, and are not comparable with figures shown for earlier years. 6/ Maney payments only*; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included. * 10-month average. 121

160 Stiîc ind Ari'd Hours and Earnings Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas ALABAMA State or area and year Average veekly Average weekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly eaml&ffs CALIFORNIA $ $ * $ I I.3I I A Birmingham Mobile W O ARIZONA * Phoenix ARKANSAS I95O. I W *. I955. Little Bock- 11. Little Rock re.no I I I.7I I I I.8I See footnotes at end of table Los Angeleslong Beach I I I I Sacramento I I San Bernardino Riverslde-0ntario I * I San Diego I I I I I.29 San Francisco- Oakland I.7I I I I I.I O I

161 Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected Slates and areas - Continued State or area and jear CALIFORNIA San Jose Stockton COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford Con. Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly New Britain $ $1.41 $ $ I New Haven I I Stanford Vaterbury DELAWARE Wilmington V DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington FLORIDA ? * See footnotes at end of table. Ü 1

162 State anti Area Hours and farnings Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State or area and year Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly «arnia»«florid* - Con. Tampa - St. Petersburg GEORGIA Atlanta Savannah IDAHO ILLINOIS Chicago See footnotes at end of table. 124 INDIANA $ $ $ IOWA I Des Moines I KMBAS Topeka I.90 Wichita tt * KEKTOCKT H 1953 j/ I *82 I *1.3 i-93 fl Louisville $ I I

163 Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected Slates and areas - Continued State or area and year Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly earalngi LOUISIANA $ $ * * I Baton Rouge * ? New Orleans * MAINE l.4o 195* Lewiston Portland l * State or area and year Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly MASSACHUSETTS * $ I Boston Fall River New Bedford Springfield-Holyoke * Worcester MARYLAND * Baltimore * See footnotes at end of table. MICHIGAN * Detroit

164 State and Are:) Moues and tamings Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State o p area and year Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly MICHIGAN - Con. Flint * Grand Rapids * Lansing * Muskegon * Saginav * MINNESOTA * Duluth * Minneapolis- St. Paul * MISSISSIPPI $39.68 *1.0 $0.97 $76.08 *0.0 $ * * * ** * * * * * Jackson * * * *0.* * s * MISSOURI * * I * Kansas City *0.9 l.* * * * * * St. Louis * k o.l * * ** MONTANA * * * *1.* * * NEBRASKA * * *1.9 l.* * * l.* * I Omaha * I * *1.* * S e e f o o t n o t e s at end o f table. 126

165 le SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers nufacturing industries for selected Slates and areas - Conti , 1953«195* HAMPE 1950, * tchesl * JERS] , * rark-i 1950, , * ^ersoi , * 1955 rth Ai U 1955 Average weekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average weekly Trenton *2.7 * $61.51 * * * * * * m t MEXICO / * * * * *0.* l.*2 195* ** *0.9 l.*7 Albuquerque * * l.*0 195* * l.* l.* ** NEW YORK * * k 195* * * * * Albany- Schenectady-Troy * * k l *1.* *1.1 l.qk 195* * Binghamton * * * * * * * *1.* 1.91 Buffalo * * * * * * * * t a b l e

166 State and Area Hours and 1 amings Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State or area and year Average weekly Average veekly hour» Average hourly earning«state or area and year Average weekly Average weekly hours Average hourly m i ora - con. ElMlra * Nassau and Suffolk Counties 2/ * New Tork-Nòrth eastern New Jersey 195* * * NORTH CAROLINA * * $ * * Charlotte *0.5 l.l * * * * * * *1.* 1.35 Greensboro- High Point 195* New Tork City * NORTH DAKOTA ** ** *5.1 l.* **.2 l.*8 195* ** **.* 1.5* Rochester * I Fargo * *3.7 l.* *3.8 l.* * * * ** Syracuse * Utlca-Roae V Westchester County j/ OHIO * * * * Akron Cincinnati * * * * Cleveland * * * 195* * Dayton * * See footnotes at end of table. 128

167 Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State or area and year Average weekly Average veekly hours Average hourly earning! State or area and year Average weekly Average veekly hours Average hourly OKLAHOMA $ $ Erie $ $ Oklahoma City Tulsa Harrisburg Lancaster *57 OREGON Philadelphia , Portland * Pittsburgh PENNSYLVANIA Beading I.72 Allentown- Bethlehem-Easton Scranton *» l.4o See footnotes at end of table. 129

168 State and Area Hours and tamings Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected Slates and areas - Continued State or area and year Average ireekly Average veekly hours A v e r a g e hourly State or area and year Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly PENNSYLVANIA - Con. Wilkes-Barre Hazleton York RHODE ISLAND Providence $ (2/) (3/) $ (a/) Sioux Falls TENNESSEE Chattanooga $ OI $ Knoxville l SOUTH CAROLINA o.i Memphis Charleston Nashville SOOTH DAKOTA TEXAS S e e fo o t n o t e s at end o f table. 120

169 tie SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers inufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Conti Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average veekly.t Lai 1950, , , 1955, [OUT 1950, lingl ingf: , , 1955 rinia 1950, , , , , folk ;hmon< WASHINGTON * $ $ o.o Seattle Spokane Taco*a ^ WEST VIRGINIA * Charleston l.4o WISCONSIN Kenosha table.

170 State and Area Hours and f arnmgs Table SC-2: Hours and gross of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State or area and year Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly State or area and year Average veekly Average veekly hours Average hourly WISCONSIN - Con La Crosse * * Racine * * Madison Milwaukee a I WYOMING Casper / Not strictly comparable with data shown for later years. 2/ Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. 3/ Not available

171 Explanatory Notes INTRO DUCTION The statistics for nonfarm industries presented in this monthly report are part of the broad program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide timely, comprehensive, accurate, and detailed information for the use of businessmen, government officials, legislators, labor unions, research workers, and the general public. The statistics are an integral part of the Federal statistical system, and are considered basic indicators of the state of the Nationfs econoujy. They are widely used in following and interpreting business developments and in making decisions in such fields as labor-manageraent negotiations, marketing, personnel, plant location, and government policy. In addition, Government agencies use the data in this report to compile official indexes of production, labor productivity, and national income. ESTABLISHMENT REPORTS: a. Collection The employment statistics program, which is based on establishment payroll reports, provides current data for both full- and part-time workers on payrolls of nonagricultural establishments (see glossary for definition, p. 7-43) during a specified period each month,the BLS uses two shuttle" schedules for this program, the BLS Form 790 (for employment, payroll, and man-hours data) and the BLS Form 1219 (for labor turnover data). The shuttle schedule, used by BLS for more than 25 years, is designed to assist firms to report consistently, accurately, and with a minimum of cost. The( questionnaire provides space for the establishment to report for each month of the current calendar year; in this way, the employer uses the same schedule for the entire year. Under a cooperative arrangement with the BLS, State agencies mall the BLS 790 Forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the data to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics for use in preparing the national series. The BLS 1219 schedules are mailed by BLS to the establishments which return them directly to the BLS Washington office for use in preparing turnover rates on a national basis. b. Industrial Classification Establishments are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year. For manufacturing establishments, a product supplement to the monthly 790 report is used. The supplement provides for reporting the percentage of total sales represented by each product. Information for nonmanufacturing establishments is collected on the 790 form itself. In the case of an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the unit is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity. The titles and descriptions of industries presented in the Standard Industrial M»m«l. (U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.) are used for classifying reports from manufacturing and government establishments; the 1 QtogglfjgftttPn Code. (U. S. Social Security Board) for reports from all other establishments. c. Coverage Monthly reports on employment and, for most industries, payroll and man-hours are obtained ftom approximately 155,000 establishments. (See table below.) The table also shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Approximate size and coverage off BLS employment and payrolls sample 11 Division or industry Number of ments in samnle Number in sample Employees Percent of total 3, , Contract construction.. 19, , ,100 10,602, Transportation and public utilities: Interstate railroads ,037, Other transportation and public utilities. 13,600 1,430, Wholesale and retail 60,300 1,760, Finance, insurance, and real estate... 10, , Service and miscellaneous: Hotels and lodging 1, , Personal services: Laundries and cleaning and dyeing plants... 2,300 99, Government: Federal (Civil Service Conndssion)... _ 2,139, State and local... 4,100 3,223, / Some firms do not report payroll and man-hour information. Therefore, hours and estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. 1-B

172 Labor turnover^ re ports are received from approximately 10,000 cooperating establishments in.the manufacturing, mining, and communication industries (see table below). The definition of manufacturing used in the turnover series is not as extensive as in the BLS series on employment and hours and because of the exclusion, of the following major industries from the labor turnover samples printing, publishing, and allied industries (since April 1943;; canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods; women's and misses1 outerwear; and fertilizer. Group and industry Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample Number of menta in sample Number in sample Employees Percent of total Manufacturing... 9,800 5,400, Durable goods... 6,200 3,800, Nondurable goods... 3,600 1,600, Metal mining , Coal mining: Anthracite , Bituminous Communication: Telephone , Telegraph l/ Does not apply. DEFINITIONS AND ESTIMATING METHODS: A. EMPLOYMENT Definition Employment data for all except Federal Government establishments refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. For Federal Government establishments current data generally refer to persons who worked on, or received pay for, the last day of the month. Persons on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave, paid holiday, or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the specified pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the other part of the period are counted as employed. Persons are not considered employed who are laid off or are on leave without pay, who are on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the period. Proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households are also excluded. Government employment covers only civilian employees; Federal military personnel are shown separately, but their nuinber is excluded from total nonagrlcultural employment. With respect to employment in educational institutions (private and governmental), BLS considers regular full-time teachers to be employed during the summer vacation period whether or not they are specifically paid in those months. Benchmark Data Employment estimates are periodically compared with complete counts of employment in the various nonagri- cultural industries, and appropriate adjustments made as indicated by the total counts or benchmarks. The comparison made for the first 3 months of 195>ti resulted in changes amounting to less than 0.2 percent of all nonagrlcultural employment. Among the industry divisions changes ranged from 0.2 percent for finance, insurance,and real estate to 3*1 percent in contract construction. Manufacturing industries as a whole were changed by 0.3 percent. Within manufacturing, 57 of the 132 individual industries required no adjustment because the estimate and benchmark differed by less than 1.0 percent or less than 500 and 59 were adjusted by percent. The most significant cause of differences between the benchmark and estimate for these individual industries was the change in industrial classification of individual firms which cannot be reflected in BLS estimates until they are adjusted to new benchmarks. During 1953 more than 250,000 employees were in establishments whose industry classification charged. Other causes of differences were sampling and response errors. The basic sources of benchmark information are the quarterly tabulations of employment data, by industry, compiled by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. Supplementary tabulations prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance are used for the group of establishments exempt from State unemployment insurance laws because of their small size. Benchmarks for industries wholly or partly excluded from the unemployment insurance laws are derived from a variety of other sources. The BLS estimates which are prepared for the benchmark quarter are compared with the new benchmark levels, industry by industry. Where revisions are necessary, the monthly estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one. Following revision for these intermediate periods, the industry data from the most recent benchmark are projected to the current month by use of the sample trends. Under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment while the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level. Estimating Method The estimating procedure for industries for which data on both "all employees and,!production and related workers" are published (manufacturing and selected mining industries) is outlined below; the first step under this method is also used for industries for which only figures on "all employees" are published. The first step is to compute total employment (all employees) in the industry for the month following the benchmark period. The all-employee total for the last benchmark month (e.g., Iferch) is multiplied by the percent change of total employment over the month for the group of establishments reporting for both March and April. Thus, if firms in the BLS sample for an industry report 30,000 employees in Mirch and 31,200 in April, April employment is 104 percent (31,200 divided by 30,000) of March employment. If the allemployee benchmark in March is 40,000, the all-employee total in April would be 104 percent of 40,000 or 41,600. The second step is to compute the productionworker total for the industry. The all-employee total for the month is multiplied by the ratio of production 2-E

173 workers to all employees. This ratio is computed from establishment reports in the monthly sample. Thus, if these firms in April report 2^,960 production workers and a total of 31,200 employees, the ratio of production workers to all employees would be.80 (2^,960 divided by 31,200). The production-worker total in April would be 33,280 (41,600 multiplied by.80). Figures for subsequent months are computed by carrying forward the totals for the previous month according to the method described above. The number of women employees in manufacturing, published quarterly, is computed by multiplying the all-employee estimate for the industry by the ratio of women to all employees as reported in the industry sample. Employment Ad.iusted for Seasonal Variation Employment series for many industries reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be measured on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change in employment which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to clarify the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. Adjusted employment aggregates are shown and also indexes ( = 100) derived from these aggregates. The indexes have the additional advantage of comparing the current seasonally adjusted employment level with average employment in the base period. Comparability with Other Employment Estimates Employment data published by other government and private agencies may differ f*om BLS employment statistics because of differences in definition, sources of information, methods of collection, classification, and estimation. BLS monthly figures are not directly comparable, for example, with the estimates of the Census Monthly Report on the Labor Force (MILF). Census data are obtained by personal interviews with individual members of a small sample of households and are designed to provide information on the work status of the whole population, classified by their demographic characteristics. The BLS, on the other hand, obtains data by mail questionnaire which are based on the payroll records of business units, and prepares detailed statistics on the industrial and geographic distribution of employment and on hours of work and. Since BLS employment figures are based on establishment payroll records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period will be counted more than once in the BLS series. By definition, proprietors, self-employed persons, domestic servants, and unpaid family workers are excluded from the BLS but not the MiLF series. Employment estimates derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses and/or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments also differ from BLS employment statistics. Among the important reasons for lack of comparability are differences in industries covered, in the business units considered parts of an establishment, and in the industrial classification of establishments. Similar differences exist between the BLS data and those in County Business Patterns published jointly by the U.S. Department of üommercê and the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. B. LABOR TURNOVER Definition "Labor turnover," as used in the BLS program, refers to the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employment status with respect to individual firms during a calendar month. This movement is subdivided into two broad types; accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. All employees, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers are covered by both the turnover movements and the employment base used in computing labor turnover rates. All groups of enroloyees full- and part-time, permanent, and temporary are included. Transfers from one establishment to another within a company are not considered to be turnover items. Method of Computation To compute turnover rates for individual industries, the total number of each type of action (accessions, quits, etc.) reported for a calendar month by the sample establishments in each industry is first divided by the total number of employees reported by these establishments, who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of that month. The result is multiplied by 100 to obtain the turnover rate. For example, in an industry sample, the total number of employees who worked during, or received pay for, the week of January was reported as 25,498. During the period January 1-31 a total of 284 employees in all reporting firms quit. The quit rate for the industry is: 284 x 100 = ,498 To compute turnover rates for broader industrial categories, the rates for the component industries are weighted by the estimated employment. Separate turnover rates for men and women are published quarterly for 1 month in each quarter. Only accessions, quits, and total separations are published. These rates are computed in the same manner as the all-employee rates; for example, the quit rate for women is obtained from an industry sample by dividing the number of women who quit during the month by the number of women employees reported. Average monthly turnover rates for the year for all employees are computed by dividing the sum of the monthly rates by 12. Comparability with Earlier Data Labor turnover rates are available on a comparable basis from January 1930 for manufacturing as a whole and from 1943 for two coal mining and two communication industries. Rates for many individual industries and industry groups for the period prior to January 1950 are not comparable with those for the subsequent period because of a revision which involved (1) the adoption of the Standard Industrial Classification (1945) code structure for manufacturing industries, and (2) the introduction of weighting 3-E

174 in the computation of industry-group rates. Comparability with Employment Series Msnth-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar-month; the employment reports, for the most part, refer to a 1-week pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. (2) The turnover sample excludes certain industries (see under coverage, p. 2-E). (3) Plants on strike are not included in the turnover computations beginning with the month the strike starts through the month the workers return; the influence of such stoppages is reflected, however, in the employment figures. C. HOURS AND EARNINGS Definitions of production workers, nonsupervisory employees, payrolls, and man-hours ftrom which hours and data are derived are Included in the glossary, page 7-E. Methods used to compute hours and averages are described in summary of methods for computing national statistics, page 6-E. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are on a "gross basis, i.e., they reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work, and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive basis. Employment shifts between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' in individual establishments also affect the general averages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly for individual industries. Averages of hourly differ from wage rates. Earnings refer to the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. However, the average series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer, since the following are excluded: irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and for those employees not covered under the productionworker or nonsupervisory-employee definitions. Gross average weekly are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly, but also by changes in the length of the workweek, parttime work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to average hours worked or paid for, and is somewhat different from standard or scheduled hours. Normally, such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishments. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Gross Averpg«1947^49 Cellars Earnings In Current and These series indicate changes in the level of weekly before and after adjustment for changes in purchasing power as determined from the HLS Consumer Price Index. tfet SwnflaMtf A y «1«? Weekly Ewnlnftg Net spendable average weekly in current dollars are obtained by deducting Federal social security and income taxes from gross weekly. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, net spendable have been computed for two types of income receivers: (l) a worker, with no dependents; and (2) a worker with three dependents. The computations of net spendable for both the factory worker with no dependents and the factory worker with three dependents are based upon the gross average weekly for ajj production workers in manufacturing industries without regard to marital status, family composition, and total family income. Net spendable weekly in dollars represent an approximate measure of changes in "real" net spendable weekly. "Real" are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the spendable average for the current month. The resulting level of spendable expressed in dollars is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since that base period. Average Hourly Earnings. Excluding Qw.rt.ima. nf Production Workers In ttoufacturlng Industries These data are based on the application 6f adjustment factors to gross average hourly (as described in the Monthly Labor Review. May 1950, pp ; reprint available, Serial No. R. 2020). This method eliminates only the due to overtime paid for at one and one-half times the straight-time rates after 4-0 hours a week. Thus, no adjustment is made for other premium-payment provisions for example, holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Mm-Houra The indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the period. These aggregates represent the product of average weekly hours and employment. The aggregate man-hours are defined as total manhours for which pay was received by full- and parttime production or construction workers, including hours paid for holidays, sick leave, and vacations taken. The man-hours are for 1 week of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, and may not be 4-E

175 typical of the entire tpnth. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC Group I). Gross average hourly are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by Average hourly. Because hours and data for manufacturing and other nonmanufacturing industries are based upon reports to the BLS which generally represent 1 weekly pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, the data for railroad employees are not strictly comparable with other industry information shewn in this publication. STATISTICS FOR STATES A N D AREAS State and area employment, hours, and statistics are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with the BLS, These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by the BLS for preparing national estimates. State employment series are adjusted to benchmark data from State unemployment insurance agencies and the Bureau of COLd Age and Survivors Insurance, Because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and use slightly varying methods of computation, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the official U. S. totals prepared by the BLS. Additional industry detail may be obtainable from the cooperating State agencies listed on the inside back cover of this report. NOTE: Additional information concerning the preparation of the employment, hours,, and labor turnover series concepts and scope, survey methods, and reliability and limitations is contained in technical notes for each of these series. (See page 9-E.) For all of this information as well as similar material for other BLS statistics, see Techniques of Preparing Meljor BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull, 1168, December 1954.

176 SU M M A R Y OF METHODS FOR COMPUTING NATIO NAL STATISTICS EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, A N D EARNINGS Item Individuai manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries MONTHLY DATA Total nonagriculturai divisions, major groups, and groups All employees Production workers All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month for sample establishments which reported for both months. All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by ratio of production workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month. S\im of all-employee estimates for component industries. Sum of production-worker estimates for component industries. Average weekly hours Total production or nonsupervisory man-hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by employment, of the average weekly hours for component industries. Average hourly Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the average hourly for component industries. Average weekly eamines Product of average weekly hours and average hourly. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly. A N N U A L AVERAGE DATA All f t m n i A i y i p r n - duction workers Average weekly hours Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Annual total of aggregate manhours (employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Average, weighted by employment, of the annual averages of weekly hours for component industries. Average hourly Annual total of aggregate payrolls (weekly multiplied by employment) divided by annual aggregate man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the annual averages of hourly for component industries. Average weekly Product of average weekly hours and average hourly. Rroduct of average weekly hours and average hourly.

177 GLOSSARY ALL EMPLOYEES - The total number of persons on establishment payrolls Who worked full- or part-time or received pay for any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Includes salaried officers of corporations as well as employees on the establishment payroll engaged in new construction and major additions or alterations to the plant who are utilized as a separate work force (forceaccount construction workers). Proprietors, selfemployed persons, domestic servants, unpaid family workers, and members of the Armed Forces are excluded«construction WORKERS - Includes working foremen, journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, and similar workers engaged in new work, alterations^ demolition, and other actual construction work, at the site of construction or working in shop or yard at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades; includes all such workers regardless of skill, engaged in any way in contract construction activities. CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION - Covers only firms engaged in the construction business on a contract basis for others. Force-account construction workers, i.e., hired directly by and on the payroll of Federal, State, and local government, public utilities, and private establishments, are excluded from contract construction and included in the employment for such establishments. DURABLE GOODS - The durable-goods subdivision includes the following major manufacturing industry groups: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products; furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass products; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products; machinery; electrical machinery; transportation equipment; instruments and related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries as defined. This definition is consistent with that used by other Federal agencies, e.g., Federal Reserve Board. ESTABLISHMENT - "A single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed; for example, a factory, mill, store, mine, or farm. Where a single physical location comprises two or more units which maintain separate payroll and inventory records and which are engaged in distinct or separate activities for which different industry classifications are provided in the Standard Industrial Classification, each unit shall be treated as a separate establishment* An establishment is not necessarily identical with the business concern or firm which may oonsist of one or more establishments. It is also to be distinguished from organizational subunits, departments, or divisions within an establishment.n (Standard Industrial Classification Manual, U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Vol. I, Part I, p. 1, November 1945«) FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE - Covers private establishments operating in the fields of finance (banks, security dealers, loan agencies, holding companies, and other finance agencies); insurance (insurance carriers and independent agents and brokers); and real estate (real estate owners, including speculative builders, subdividers, and developers; and agents and brokers). GOVERNMENT - Covers Federal, State, and local government establishments performing legislative, executive, and judicial functions, including Government corporations, Government force-account construction, and such units as arsenals, navy yards, and hospitals. Federal government employment excludes employees of the Central Intelligence Agency. State and local government employment includes teachers, but excludes, as nominal employees, paid volunteer firemen and elected officials of small local units. LABOR TURNOVER: Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: quits, discharges, layoffs, and miscellaneous separations (including military), as defined below. Quits are terminations of employment during the calendar month initiated by employees for such reasons as: acceptance of a job in another company, dissatisfaction, return to school, marriage, maternity, ill health, or voluntary retirement where no company pension is provided. Failure to report after being hired and unauthorized absences of more than 7 consecutive calendar days are also classified as quits. Prior to 1940, miscellaneous separations were also Included in this category. Discharges are terminations of employment during the calendar month inititated by the employer for such reasons as employees' incompetence, violation of rules, dishonesty, insubordination, laziness, habitual absenteeism, or inability to meet physical standards. Layoffs are terminations of employment during the calendar month lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days without pay, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker, for such reasons as lack of orders or materials, release of temporary help, conversion of plant, introduction of labor-saving machinery or processes, or suspensions of operations without pay during inventory periods. ffiscellaneous separations (including military) are terminations of employment during the calendar month because of permanent disability, death, retirement on company pension, and entrance into the Armed Forces expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Prior to I9I4O, miscellaneous separations were included with quits. Beginning September 1940, military separations were included here. Persons on leave of absence (paid or unpaid) with the approval of the employer are not counted as separations until such time as it is definitely determined that such persons will not return to work. At that time, a separation is reported as one of the above types, depending on the circumstances* Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll during the calendar month, including both new and rehired employees. Persons returning to work after a layoff, military separations, or other absences who have been counted as separations are considered accessions. z=s

178 MfcN-HOURS - Covers man-hours worked or paid for of specified groups of workers, during the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The specified group of workers in manufacturing and mining industries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants is production and related workers; in the contract construction industry, it is construction workers; and in the other industries, it is nonsupervisory employees* The man-hours include hours paid for holidays, sick leave, and vacations taken; if the employee elects to work during a vacation period, the vacation pay and the hours it represents are omitted. MANUFACTURING - Covers private establishments engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products and usually described as plants, factories, or mills, which characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. Establishments engaged in assembling component parts of manufactured products are also considered manufacturing if the new product is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement. Government manufacturing operations such as arsenals and navy yards are excluded from manufacturing and are included under Government, MINING - Covers establishments engaged in the extraction from the earth of organic and inorganic minerals which occur in nature as solids, liquids, or gases; includes various contract services required in mining operations, such as removal of overburden, tunneling and shafting, and the drilling or acidizing of oil wells; also Includes ore dressing, beneficiating, and concentration. NONDURABLE GOODS - The nondurable-goods subdivision includes the following major manufacturing industry groups: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-raill products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied products; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and leather products. This definition is consistent with that used by other Federal agencies, e.g., Federal Reserve Board. NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES - Includes employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, attendants, service employees, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. PAYROLL - The weekly payroll (except for State and local governments) for the specified groups of fulland part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The specified group of employees in the manufacturing and mining industries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants is production and related workers; in the contract construction industry, it is construction workers; and in the other industries, it is nonsupervisory employees. The payroll is reported before deductions for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, and union dues; also includes pay for sick leave, holidays, and vacations taken. Excludes cash payments for vacations not taken, retroactive pay not earned during period reported, value of payments in kind, and bonuses, unless earned and paid regularly each pay period. The same definition applies to payrolls for State and local governments except that in this case the payrolls are for the entire month and cover all employees, including nomináis who are excluded from employment. Furthermore, these payrolls do not reflect the adjustment BLS makes in the State and local government employment estimate for the summer months to include the number of regular full-time teachers on vacation but who are not specifically paid in those months. PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS - Includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers ( including lead men and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, products development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. REGIONS: North - Includes all States except the 17 listed as South. South - Includes the following 17 States: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Coluribia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Muryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. (In the case of sawmills and planning mills, general, a third region is identified - the West - and includes California, Oregon, and Washington.) SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS - Covers establishments primarily engaged in rendering services to Individuals and business firms, including automotive repair services. Excludes domestic service workers. Nongovernment schools, hospitals, museums, etc., are Included under service and miscellaneous; similar Government establishments are included under Government. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES - Covers only private establishments engaged in providing all types of transportation and related services; telephone, telegraph, and other communication services or providing electricity, gas, steam, water, or sanitary service. Similar Government establishments are included under Government. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRACE - Covers establishments engaged in wholesale trade, i.e., selling merchandise to retailers, and in retail trade, i.e., selling merchandise for personal or household consumption, and rendering service incidental to the sales of goods. Similar Government establishments are included under Government.