Filter & Strainer. The primary difference between filters and strainers is in the size of the particulates they are removing.

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Dortha Perry
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Filter & Strainer Filters and strainers do have a lot in common.

They also both deliver similar benefits by protecting downstream equipment and removing

Both filters and strainers may be required by law or regulation for safety or environmental

1 Filter & Strainer Filters and strainers do have a lot in common. Both products are designed to remove suspended particles from a liquid or gas. They also both deliver similar benefits by protecting downstream equipment and removing impurities or contaminants that might compromise the quality or integrity of the product. Both filters and strainers may be required by law or regulation for safety or environmental reasons, used to improve the efficiency of the system, or simply be required for practical purposes since in many cases the flow-stream would be useless without them.

2 Filter & Strainer The primary difference between filters and strainers is in the size of the particulates they are removing. Filters remove particulates that are smaller than 40 microns Strainers remove particulates that are larger than 40 microns. A micron is a unit of measurement equivalent to one one-thousandth of a milimeter. In simpler terms the word strainer is typically used if the particulate being removed is visible to the naked eye Whereas, if the particulate is too small to see with the naked eye the term filter is used.

3 Type of filter There are many filter types to choose from when specifying an industrial application liquid processing filter. The optimal choice ultimately comes down to the technology that best meets: The performance and The operating cost needs of the application. Cartridge filter

4 Type of filter Bag filter Cartridge filter Automatic self cleaning filter Common filters include removable media types such as: Bag filter Cartridge filters Automatic self-cleaning type filters. Each has advantages and disadvantages when compared with the others and the different types are appropriate for different applications.

5 Type of filter The choice of filter depends on the application. A filter can be surface or depth-type filter: Depth-type filters capture particles and contaminant through the total thickness of the medium such as cartridge filter While in surface filters (that are usually made of thin materials like papers, woven wire, cloths) particles are blocked on the surface of the filter such as in bag filter

Type of filter If all particles are i.e. five micron (or less than 10 micron), a pleated surface filtration 5-micron filter works best because it has more surface area than other filters.

6 Type of filter If all particles are i.e. five micron (or less than 10 micron), a pleated surface filtration 5-micron filter works best because it has more surface area than other filters. Compared with pleated surface filters, depth filters have a limited surface area, but they have the advantage of depth.

7 Type of filter A rule of thumb is that for concentrations higher than 5 mg/m3 (5 ppm) a surface filter is favoured While for concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/m3 (5 ppm) a depth-type filter is preferred. In general: Surface filters can by backwashed and cleaned more easily While depth-type filters normally have to be disposed when clocked.

Bag filter or Cartridge filter A big advantage to bag filtration is that per unit they have a much larger inside diameter and many times the surface area as a comparable depth cartridge.

8 Bag filter or Cartridge filter A big advantage to bag filtration is that per unit they have a much larger inside diameter and many times the surface area as a comparable depth cartridge. As seen below, bag filters provide a wide-open flow path in comparison with cartridge filters A more open flow path generally means less flow friction and its accompanying loss of pressure. Bag filters overall have lower start-up Differential Pressure (DP) and so can provide longer run times and a fuller use of available filter surface area. But once again, it depends on the application!

9 Bag filter vs Cartridge filter

10 Bag filter vs Cartridge filter BAG FILTER INSIDE-OUT Cartridge FILTER OUTSIDE-IN

11 Automatic self cleaning filter If the amount of debris is huge Automatic self cleaning filter is favorable to use. But another thing to consider is we have to think about how the huge disposal of waste to be disposed out.

12 Filter glossary Bag filters are in general designed for applications with a desired filtration rate from 1 to 1000 micron Cartridge filters have a filtration rate from 0.1 up to 500 micron (with contaminations lower than 100 ppm, that is to say with contamination levels lower than 0.01% in weight) The absolute filtration rate indicates the maximum size of a particle that can pass through the filtration unit. The nominal filtration rate indicates that a certain percentage of material, bigger than the nominal filter rating will be able to pass through the filter. The % efficiency rating (e.g. 98 %) of the nominal filtration rate indicates the amount of larger particles that will be blocked by the filter.

Filter glossary The beta ratio is a mathematical expression, that indicates the ratio between the number of particles of a given size entering and leaving the filtration unit.

indicates how good a filter works: if one out of every three of the particles (>xµm) in the fluid pass through the filter the filter's Beta ratio at xµm is "3.

13 Filter glossary The beta ratio is a mathematical expression, that indicates the ratio between the number of particles of a given size entering and leaving the filtration unit. The Beta Ratio is defined as follows: Beta (x) = Number of particles > size (x) upstream Number of particles > size (x) downstream Where x = particle size in microns The beta ratio indicates how good a filter works: if one out of every three of the particles (>xµm) in the fluid pass through the filter the filter's Beta ratio at xµm is "3." If only one out of every 300 of the particles (>xµm) pass through the filter, the Beta ratio at xµm is "300." Therefore, filters with a higher Beta ratio provide better particulate control and hence better system protection.

This pressure drop depends on the filter media, the filter housing and the flow An

14 Filter glossary PRESSURE DROP across a filter When a flow passes through a filter a certain pressure drop occurs. This pressure drop depends on the filter media, the filter housing and the flow An increasing pressure drop over the filter indicates that the filter has to be replaced When a filter is nearly clogged pressure drop higher than in a new, clean filter.

15 Factors to consider in selecting filter The following criteria should be considered: What is the quality of filtration required? What are the conditions (flow, pressure, temperature) of the process? Is it a continuous or batch process? How large is the batch volume? What are the material characteristics of the solids being removed? (How large are the particles? Is the material hazardous? Can the material being removed be recycled back into the process stream at another point?) What are the waste disposal costs? How often do bags or cartridges need to be replaced? Can the waste volume be reduced or eliminated by switching to a different filtration method? What are the labour and downtime costs for filter or cartridge replacement? Can downtime be minimized by switching to a different filtration method? Disposal costs for used bags and cartridges are about half of the purchase price. And with hazardous liquids, disposal cost can easily exceed the purchase price.

16 Bag filter

17 Single bag model S4

18 (FLANGED DRAIN) Single bag model S4

19 Single bag model S8

20 (FLANGED DRAIN) Single bag model S8

21 Multi bag

22 Multi bag

25 Pressure drop vs Flow rate

26 Pressure drop vs Flow rate

27 Pressure drop vs Flow rate For example: Multibag filter with 8 pipe connection Viscosity of the liquid = 600 Cps Flow rate = 2,000 Gpm Clean pressure drop = 1.40 x 5.8 = 8.12 psi

28 Bag filter

29 Bag filter for petrochemical industries Bag Filter Housings and Filter Bags are used for petrochemical filtration by facilities around the world. Bag filters are used in the petrochemical process industry for the filtration of lube oils, fuel additives, enhanced oil recovery, filtration of amine solutions, filtration of glycol fluids, gas purification processes, distillation and cracking processes, amine washers, off-shore filter stations, oil drilling and injection fluids. Bag Filter System has two components, a filter bag that removes the particulate material from the process media and a filter housing that contains the filter bag.

30 Sanitary bag filter

31 Sanitary bag filter

32 Sanitary bag filter

33 Sanitary bag filter

34 Cartridge filter

35 Cartridge filter

36 Cartridge filter

37 Cartridge filter

38 Cartridge filter

39 Beta ratio Beta ratio testing is an accurate and objective way to compare performance of liquid filters. This test measures the filter's ability to remove particles of given sizes from the fluid stream, thus identifying how efficient the filter is at removing specific sizes of contaminant particles. This testing is performed to an industry standard procedure. The beta ratio is established by counting the number of particles of a specific size entering the filter, then dividing that by the number of the same size particle exiting the filter. The beta ratio of this filter is 20.

40 Cartridge filter

41 Cartridge filter

42 Cartridge filter

43 Cartridge filter

44 Cartridge filter

45 Cartridge filter

46 Cartridge filter

47 Cartridge filter

48 Cartridge filter

49 Cartridge filter

52 Cartridge filter

The basic difference between a woven fabric and a nonwoven fabric is: In woven fabric the weaving requires a classic under-and-over interlacing Whereas in nonwoven fabric the yarns lay on top of each

54 The basic difference between a woven fabric and a nonwoven fabric is: In woven fabric the weaving requires a classic under-and-over interlacing Whereas in nonwoven fabric the yarns lay on top of each other and are held together chemically. One of the most significant differences is the "straightness" of yarns in nonwoven fabric. In the nonwoven, yarn properties are translated more directly into fabric properties since the "uncrimping" uncrimping" elongation and yarn/yarn friction associated with woven geometry are largely absent.

55 Cartridge filter

58 Cartridge filter

Resin Bonded filter cartridges are manufactured using phenolic resin-impregnated media made from extra-long acrylic and polyester fibres. They are an economical and disposable element.

59 Resin Bonded filter cartridges are manufactured using phenolic resin-impregnated media made from extra-long acrylic and polyester fibres. They are an economical and disposable element. No silicone is used in the manufacturing process. The media is manufactured with a two-stage filtration design to maximize particle removal and service life in viscous fluid filtration applications. This media has: An outer pre-filtration layer that catches larger particles. Then inner layer is rated at the particular micron size, and gradually becomes tighter towards the inner diameter of the cartridge. This creates a strictly regimented, rigid element, with open surfaces on the outer diameter and rated micron sizes towards the internal diameter.

60 Cartridge filter

Pleated water Filter cartridges are usually made of special type of paper which has been folded or pleated and then formed into a circular shape of the filter cartridge body as shown in the figure

61 Pleated water Filter cartridges are usually made of special type of paper which has been folded or pleated and then formed into a circular shape of the filter cartridge body as shown in the figure here. Since the pleated water purifier filter cartridges have a large surface area it can filter more water without getting clogged or blocked quickly and is longer lasting than most of the other cartridges. Several sizes of pores are available in this type of cartridge, the most popular size being 1 micron absolute, 5 microns, 10 microns and 20 microns. The most common size of the pleated cartridge is 2.5 inches in diameter and 10 inches in length. The same 2.5 inch diameter cartridge can also come in lengths of 10", 20", 30" and 40 Inch size. Similarly there are larger pleated filter cartridges available in 4 inch diameter and lengths of 10", 20", 30" and 40 Inch size. The longer filter cartridges have longer filter housings to fit these cartridges.

62 Cartridge filter

Rolling seam welding process is added for roundness and flatness of entire structure.

63 Sintered metal filter cartridge, is made of stainless steel woven wire mesh, or stainless steel fiber felt. It is constructed by using multi-layered wire mesh overlapped and then sintered together in vacuum furnace, rolled into a cylinder shape with two ends welded together. Rolling seam welding process is added for roundness and flatness of entire structure. Its interlaced mesh forms a rigid structure which overcomes the disadvantages of ordinary wire mesh, such as low strength, unstable hole shapes, also beats sintered powder filter, ceramic filters, etc. Above all, this stainless steel filter cartridge wins great favour with prominent features like high temperature resistance, smooth wire pores, good permeability, high dirt holding capacity, in many industries such as food, environmental protection, chemical, aerospace.

64 Cartridge filter

Sintered powder filter element also named metal porous sintered filter is made of titanium or stainless steel powder. It is a new style material for filtering.

65 Sintered powder filter element also named metal porous sintered filter is made of titanium or stainless steel powder. It is a new style material for filtering. It loads stronger heat stress and concussion and can work in a higher temperature and corrupt medium. It can be welded, felted and mechanism machining, and can be regenerated after dirty. They are recommended for the filtration of air or liquid at higher operating temperatures and corrosive environment. Sintered stainless steel cartridges are produced by cold isostatic pressing, which gives high porosity to the material and improves its stability. They can be cleaned easily or back washed, which makes it longer working life.

66 Cartridge filter

67 Sintered metal fibre cartridge is manufactured by diffusion-bonded or sintered metal micro-fibres with high porosity. Stainless steel fibre cartridges are popular alternatives as a result of its high-temperature & corrosive resistance and chemical stability. In order to maximize filtration, pleated fibre filter cartridges are extensively used in surface & depth filtrations. For a superior mechanical strength and on-stream life, metal felt filter media is always supported by wire meshes or perforated tubes. Metal fiber filter cartridge with single layer is designed for common complication like stream, with double layer is for surface filtration and multi-layer for depth filtration. Metal fiber felt cartridge can be divided into pleated and plain fibre cartridge filter according to the configuration of the sintered fibre felt media. On the other hand, it can be classified into cylindrical with sleeves and cartridge with connections.

68 Cartridge filter

Wedge wire filter cartridges are distinguishable for their toughness as well as chemical and thermal durability.

This process guarantees high pressure stability.

69 Wedge wire filter cartridges are distinguishable for their toughness as well as chemical and thermal durability. Wedge wire filter cartridges are very robust and multi-functional sieve elements. During the manufacture of the Wedge wire filter cartridge, a v-structured profile-wire is wound in a spiral manner around a longitudinal profile and inductively welded together at the cross-points. This process guarantees high pressure stability. In this regard wedge wire filter cartridges are easy to reverse-flush. Typical applications are to be found in the food industry, and especially where other filter materials can not be applied due to thermal or chemical limitations.

71 High flow cartridge filter

73 Comparison

74 High flow cartridge filter

75 High flow cartridge filter

76 High flow cartridge filter

77 High flow cartridge filter

78 High flow cartridge filter

79 High flow cartridge filter

80 High flow cartridge filter

81 High flow cartridge filter

82 High flow cartridge filter

83 High flow cartridge filter

84 High flow cartridge filter

85 PTFE/PFA lined cartridge filter

86 PTFE/PFA lined cartridge filter

87 PTFE/PFA lined cartridge filter

88 Fuel filter

89 Micro filter

90 Micro filter

91 Filter water separator

Filter water separator Coalescer separator video Filter-separator method (two-stage separation of water from fuel) In this method, an a coalescer cartridge and a exclusion-effect separator cartridge

As the mixture passes through the coalescer, finely dispersed free water droplets coalesce and merge into larger drops, which are rapidly precipitated.

92 Filter water separator Coalescer separator video Filter-separator method (two-stage separation of water from fuel) In this method, an a coalescer cartridge and a exclusion-effect separator cartridge are fitted and used in tandem within the same vessel. First, the water-fuel dispersion is fed under pressure into the coalescer cartridge. As the mixture passes through the coalescer, finely dispersed free water droplets coalesce and merge into larger drops, which are rapidly precipitated. In order to remove the large and intermediatesized free water droplets that are not precipitated, the liquid is then passed through the separator cartridge. The remaining free water droplets are repelled by the surface of the filter and excluded from entry to the separator as they descend and collect in the water layer in the lower portion of the vessel. From there, the water can be drained manually or via an automatic drainage valve.

93 Filter water separator

94 Filter water separator

95 Filter water separator

97 FWS filter water separator

98 FWS filter water separator

99 FWS filter water separator

100 Guide to aviation fuel handling EI Specification 1581 Specifications and laboratory qualification procedures for aviation fuel filter/water separators EI 1596 Design and construction of aviation fuel filter vessels EI Standard 1541 Requirements for internal protective coating systems used in aviation fuel handling systems

101 FWS filter water separator

102 FWS filter water separator

103 CLAY FILTER

104 CLAY FILTER

105 CLAY FILTER

106 CLAY FILTER

107 Air/gas filter

108 GP series dry gas filter

109 GP series dry gas filter

110 GP series dry gas filter

111 GC series gas coalescing filter

112 GC series gas coalescing filter Coalescer Coalescer Vane

113 GC series gas coalescing filter

114 GFS gas filter separator

115 GFS gas filter separator

116 GFS gas filter separator

117 Horizontal gas filter separator Coalescing & separator filter

118 Horizontal gas filter separator

119 Horizontal gas filter separator COALESCER

120 Horizontal gas filter separator

121 Horizontal gas filter separator

122 Horizontal gas filter separator

123 Horizontal gas filter separator

124 Horizontal gas filter separator

125 Smart filter

126 SS type smart filter Wire screen

127 SS type smart filter

128 Wedge wire screen Wedge-shaped wire screen design provides maximum open intake area. In a wedge wire application, the debris is filtered by the smooth side of the standard wound wedge wire element. The screen's vertical support rods are rigidly welded at every intersection, giving a smooth surface to further enhance the free flow of water.

129 SS type smart filter

130 SS type smart filter

131 SS type smart filter

132 Automatic self cleaning Filter

ABF automatic self cleaning filter Automatic self-cleaning, without interruption of the filtration process. Removes large and small particles.

Minimum water wasted during flushing Less than 1% of total flow (to compare with media filter) Connection arrangements to suit any application requirements.

133 ABF automatic self cleaning filter Automatic self-cleaning, without interruption of the filtration process. Removes large and small particles. Fabricated strainer in any metal. Minimum water wasted during flushing Less than 1% of total flow (to compare with media filter) Connection arrangements to suit any application requirements. Self adjusting scraper -strainer action. Does not use backwash system or clean water for contaminant removal. Automatic operation, self-cleaning with practically no maintenance. Wedge wire screen internal axial design, particle that can be removed by axial flushing. Maximum pressure drop 0.5 kg/cm2. ASME section VIII pressure vessel

134 ABF automatic self cleaning filter APPLICATIONS: River and lake water intakes. Cooling system for the bearing of hydro-turbine Cooling tower side stream Filtration Cooling water to power plants and chemical processes. Wastewater from textile mills, laundries and other contaminated effluents. Heavy slurries from power plants. Sea water to LNG terminals. Water to spraying systems. Black liquor to burners.

ABF automatic self cleaning filter AUTOMATION 1. Control panel enclosure, IP 56, IP67 with terminal block, indicating lights and selector switch.

135 ABF automatic self cleaning filter AUTOMATION 1. Control panel enclosure, IP 56, IP67 with terminal block, indicating lights and selector switch. The panel is installed on the strainer or supplied separately for remote installation. 2. Fused circuit and magnetic starter with overload for the rotary motor. 3. Adjustable cycle timer for the scraper motor and blow down valve operation. 4. Differential pressure switch for the motor operation. 5. Back-Flushing vale, electrically or pneumatically actuated. 6. Integral audible and visual alarm circuit with contacts for remote supervision

136 ABF automatic self cleaning filter OPTIONS 220V, 380V, 460V, 3 PH, 60 Hz. Disconnect switch, door interlocked. Control of other filtration system components, such as pumps, filter presses, automatic valves, associated controls, etc, all to be incorporated into a single ABF control system. PLC control of the complete system as above. Pneumatic interface for valve actuation or other pneumatic items included in the above. Control of isolation hydraulic valves and flushing solenoid valves associated with waste collector systems attached to the self-cleaning strainer. Control of vacuum pumps in the drain line for ABF Selfcleaning Strainers installed on the suction side of main system

137 ABF automatic self cleaning filter MOTOR MOTOR Wedge wire screen Scraper MOTOR MOTOR Automatic drain valve Differential pressure switch

138 ABF automatic self cleaning filter

139 ABF automatic self cleaning filter ABF Automatic self-cleaning scraper Strainers can remove both large and small particles from dirty or contaminated fluid flows. The ABF design is particularly suitable for large particles because it uses dirty water for the blow down cycle. The particle size is not limited by the cleaning suction arm inlet or the size of the backwash outlet opening, common limitations of backwash-type units. Rotating the brushes to the inside surface of the screen, dislodging foreign matter which is then flushed away with dirty liquid by automatic or periodic blow down. An electric motor with an associated gear train drives the rotor shaft. A timer programs the operation of the brush motor and off the flushing valve. A differential pressure switch is standard on all units and will override the programmed operation if the pressure drop across the selected setting value. Visual and audible alarms are incorporated in the control panel of the unit. Because of their construction, durability and flexibility, ABF Automatic Selfcleaning Strainers are a cost-effective solution to a wide range of demanding filtration applications.

140 ABF automatic self cleaning filter There are three models of ABF Automatic Self-cleaning Strainers: Model: ABF-Z Side inlet and side outlet at different level. Model : ABF- I Side inlet and side outlet At the same level. Model : ABF-L Bottom inlet and side outlet. ABF are fabricated units. Standard materials for body and cover are carbon steel, stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 316L. Rotor types available are in one or more sections brushes, in stainless steel or Nylon which are self adjusting for efficient cleaning. Worm-type rotors are also available. Perforated metal, mesh or wedge-wire screens are provided depending on the application. An electric motor with an associated gear train drives the rotor shaft. A timer programs the operation of the brush motor and off the flushing valve. A differential pressure switch is standard on all units and will override the programmed operation if the pressure drop across the selected setting value. Visual and audible alarms are incorporated in the control panel of the unit. Because of their construction, durability and flexibility, ABF Automatic Self-cleaning Strainers are a cost-effective solution to a wide range of demanding filtration applications.

141 ABF automatic self cleaning filter

142 ABF automatic self cleaning filter

143 ABF automatic self cleaning filter

144 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

145 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

146 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

147 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

148 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

149 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

150 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

151 SCF automatic self cleaning filter

152 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

153 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

154 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

155 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

156 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

157 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

158 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

159 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

160 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

161 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

162 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

163 ABW multi cartridge automatic self cleaning filter

164

165

166

167 Form to be filled by customer

Series 774 Automatic Skid Package

Series 774 Automatic Skid Package Fluid Engineering 1432 Walnut St Erie, PA 16502 USA PH 814.453.5014 FAX 814.452.6573 www.fluideng.com sales @fluideng.com CONTINUOUS FLOW The Fluid Engineering 774 Strainer Package is designed to handle