INTERURBAN ROADS. Scope of Interurban Roads. Scope of Interurban Roads. Scope of Interurban Roads

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INTERURBAN ROADS Scope of Interurban Roads Interurban Road Segments without

almost of its length, on at least one side of the road. Population at least 1.

1 INTERURBAN ROADS Scope of Interurban Roads Interurban Road Segments without continuous development on either side, such as restaurants, factories, or villages. Urban/Suburban Road Segments continuous permanent development along all or almost of its length, on at least one side of the road. Population at least 1. Scope of Interurban Roads Interurban Road Types Two-lane two-way roads (2/2 UD) Four-lane two-way roads Undivided (i.e. no median) (4/2 UD) Divided (i.e. with median) (4/2 D) Six-lane two-way divide roads (6/2 D) Scope of Interurban Roads Conditions:, rolling or hilly alignment Specific grades (e.g. climbing lane)

Scope of Interurban Roads Road Segments: Between and unaffected by major intersections, and Having

Objective of Interurban Roads Design of interurban roads should be selected with the aim to ensure that

Widening of the lane decreases the accident rates between 2-15% per meter widening (the high number

2 Scope of Interurban Roads Road Segments: Between and unaffected by major intersections, and Having similar geometric design and traffic flow and composition along its length. Objective of Interurban Roads Design of interurban roads should be selected with the aim to ensure that degree of saturation does not exceed an acceptable value (normally,75) Traffic Safety Considerations Widening of the lane decreases the accident rates between 2-15% per meter widening (the high number refers to small roads). Widening and improvement of shoulder surface conditions improves traffic safety, although to a smaller degree than lane widening

Traffic Safety Considerations Climbing lane in steep grades

Passing lanes (extra lanes for overtaking in flat terrain)

sharp curves reduces accident rates with 25-6% Traffic Safety

Median barriers (used when the space is insufficient to make a

3 Traffic Safety Considerations Climbing lane in steep grades reduce the accident rate with 25-3%. Passing lanes (extra lanes for overtaking in flat terrain) reduce the accident rate with15-2% Straightening of isolated, sharp curves reduces accident rates with 25-6% Traffic Safety Considerations A median reduces the accident rate with 3% Median barriers (used when the space is insufficient to make a full median) reduce fatal and severe injury accidents with 1-3%, but increase damage only accidents.

4 Interurban Roads Performance Indicator Degree of Saturation (,75) Level of Service (A F) Actual Free-Flow Speed Travel Time Degree of Bunching Actual Uphill Speed (*) Uphill Travel Time (*) STEP A-1: A General Data Date (day, month, year) and Handled by Province Link number/road name Segment code Segment between or Administrative road class (National, Provincial or Kabupaten) Road type (4/2 D, 4/2 UD, 2/2 UD, 2/1) Length of segments Road function (Arterial, Collector or Local) Time period Case number STEP A-2: A Geometric Conditions Compass arrow showing North Km-posts Sketch of the horizontal alignment Arrows identifying Direction 1 (North or Eastbound) and Direction 2 (South or West-bound) Names of the places Major buildings Intersections and entries/exits Pavement markings STEP A-2: A Geometric Conditions Sight Distance Class Sight Distance Class A B C % of Segment with Sight Distance of at least 3m > 7% 3 7% < 3%

5 STEP A-2: A Geometric Conditions CONVERSION INTO RADIANS/KM Alignment Type 4 O Alignment Type Rise + Fall (m/km) < 1 Horizontal Curvature (rad/km) < 1, A road segment length = 3km 6 O 7 O 1 3 > 3 1, > ( ) + 2πrad 3km,99rad / km STEP A-3: A Traffic Conditions Two-Way Undivided Roads (2/2 UD) Alignment Type Total Flow veh/h MHV 1,2 1,5 1,3 2,4 2, 1,7 3,5 3, 1,9 LB 1,2 1,6 1,5 1,6 2, 1,7 3,2 2,2 LT 2,7 5,2 5, 4, 3,2 6, 5,5 5, 4, pce < 6 m,8 1,2,9,6,7 1,,8,6,9,7 MC Carriageway Width (m) 6 8 m,6,9,7,8,6,4,4,7,4 > 8 m,4,6,4,3,4,3,2,4,3,3 STEP A-3: A Traffic Conditions Four-Lane Two-Way Roads (4/2 D/UD) Alignment Type Divided road per direction veh/h Traffic Flow veh/h Undivided road per direction veh/h MHV 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,3 2, 2,2 3,2 2,9 2,6 2, LB 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,5 1,6 2, 2,3 1,9 2,2 2,6 2,9 2,4 pce LT 1,6 2, 2, 4,8 4,6 4,3 3,5 5,5 5,1 4,8 3,8 MC,6,8,4,7,4,3,4,6,3

6 STEP A-3: A Traffic Conditions Six-Lane Two-Way Divided Roads (6/2 D) STEP A-3: A Traffic Conditions Six-Lane Two-Way Divided Roads (6/2 D) Alignment Type Traffic Flow per direction veh/h MHV 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,3 2, 2,2 3,2 2,9 2,6 2, pce LB LT 1,2 1,6 1,4 2, 1,7 1,5 2, 1,6 4,8 2, 4,6 2,3 4,3 1,9 3,5 2,2 5,5 2,6 5,1 2,9 4,8 2,4 3,8 MC,6,8,4,7,4,3,4,6,3 Length (km),75 1, 1,5 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 MHV LT 2, 4, 4,6 2,8 5, 2,8 5, 2,8 5, 2,8 5, 2,8 5, 2,8 5, 4 MHV LT 3, 5, 3,3 6, 3,5 6,2 3,6 6,2 3,6 6,2 3,6 6,2 3,6 6,2 3,6 6,2 pce Gradient (%) 5 6 MHV LT MHV LT 3,8 6,4 4,5 7,3 4,2 7,5 4,8 8,6 4,4 7,6 5, 8,6 4,4 7,6 5, 8,5 4,4 7,5 4,9 8,3 4,2 7,5 4,6 8,3 4,2 7,5 4,6 8,3 4,2 7,5 4,6 8,3 7 MHV LT 5, 8, 5,3 9,3 5,4 9,3 5,4 9,1 5,2 8,9 5, 8,9 5, 8,9 5, 8,9 STEP A-4: A Side Friction Number of pedestrians passing along or crossing the road segment (,6) /h, 2m Number of stopping vehicles and parking maneuvers (,8) /h, 2m Number of motor vehicle entries and exists to/from roadside properties and side roads (1,) /h, 2m Flow of slow-moving vehicles (bicycles, tricycles, horse-charts, oxcarts, tractors, etc.) (,4) /h STEP A-4: A Side Friction Side friction class Very low Low Medium High Very High Code VL L M H VH Weighted number of events per 2 m per hour (both sides) < > 35 Typical conditions Rural, agriculture or undeveloped, almost no activities Rural, some roadside buildings & activities Village, local transport & activities Village, some market activities Almost urban, market/business activities

7 STEP B-1: B Analysis of Free-flow Speed ( FV + FVW ) FFVSF FFVRC FV = FV free-flow speed for LV at actual conditions (kph) FV Base free-flow speed for light vehicles (kph) FV W Adjustment for effective carriageway width (km/h) FFV SF Adjustment factor for side friction conditions FFV RC Adjustment factor for road function class STEP B-1: B Analysis of Free-flow Speed Road Type/Alignment Type/Sight Distance Class Six-Lane Divided Four-Lane Divided Base Free-Flow Speed FV (km/h) LV MHV LB LT MC STEP B-1: B Analysis of Free-flow Speed Road Type/Alignment Type/Sight Distance Class Four-Lane Undivided Two-Lane Undivided SDC A SDC B SDC C Base Free-Flow Speed FV (km/h) LV MHV LB LT MC STEP B-1: B Analysis of Free-flow Speed Rise + Fall (m/km) < Base Free-Flow Speed (LV), Two-Way Two-Lane Roads Horizontal Curvature rad/km

8 STEP B-2: B Free-flow Speed Adjustment FV W for Carriageway Width [Table B-2:1] B Four and Six-Lane Divided For SDC ABC, SDC ABC FV W = 21,333W C3-216W C ,67W C 833 For FV W = 1,667W C3-14W C ,33W C 378 STEP B-2: B Free-flow Speed Adjustment FV W for Carriageway Width [Table B-2:1] B Four-Lane Undivided For SDC AB FV W = 21,333W C3-216W C ,67W C 833 For SDC C, SDC ABC FV W = 1,667W C3-14W C ,33W C 378 For FV W = 8W C2-5W C + 77 STEP B-2: B Free-flow Speed Adjustment FV W for Carriageway Width [Table B-2:1] B Two-Lane Undivided For SDC AB FV W = -,66W C4 + 2,161W C3 27,288W C ,2W C 34,17 For SDC C, SDC ABC FV W =,83W C5,3977 C4 + 7,4356W C3 68,254W C ,25W C 5,83 STEP B-3: B Free-flow Speed Adjustment Factor FFV SF for Side Friction Road with shoulders Table B-3:1 Adjustment factor FFV SF for six-lane roads FFV 6SF = 1 -,8 x (1 - FFV 4SF ) For FV W =,56W C6 -,23W C5 + 4,8472W C4-46,625W C ,W C2 61,62W C 574

9 STEP B-4: B Free-flow Speed Adjustment Factor FFV CS for City Size Road Type Four-Lane Divided Four-Lane Undivided Two-Lane Undivided Arterial Collector Local Arterial Collector Local Arterial Collector Local 1,,99,98 1,,97,95 1,,94,9 Adjustment Factor FFV RC Roadside Development (%) 25,99,98,97,99,96,94,98,93,88 5,98,97,96,97,94,92,97,91,87 75,96,95,94,96,93,91,96,9,86 1,95,94,93,945,915,895,94,88,84 STEP B-5: B Determination of Free-flow Speed for Actual Conditions Free-flow speed for light vehicles (LV) FV = (FV + FV W ) x FFV SF x FFV RC Free-flow speed for other vehicle types FFV = FV FV FVMHV = FV MHV FFV x FV MHV /FV FV MHV Table B-1:1 STEP B-6: B Determination of Free-flow Speed for Specific Grades Free-flow speed for light vehicles (LV) FV = (FV + FV W ) x FFV SF x FFV RC Free-flow speed for other vehicle types FFV = FV FV FVHV = FV HV FFV x FV HV /FV STEP B-6: B Determination of Free-flow Speed for Specific Grades Length km 1, 2, 3 67,7 67,6 Direction 1, Uphill Gradient % 4,7 64,3 63,4 5 62,6 6,3,9 6 59,5 56, 54,3 7,2 51,4 49,5 3 Direction 2, Downhill Gradient % ,7 67,6 6,7 64,3 63,4 7 62,6 6,3,9 FV HV Table B-1:1 3, 4, 67,5 67,4 63,1 62,9,5,2 53,8 53,4 48,9 48,5 67,5 67,4 63,1 62,9,5,2 5, 67,4 62,8, 53,2 48,5 67,4 62,8,

10 STEP B-6: B Determination of Free-flow Speed for Specific Grades STEP C-1: C Base Capacity Length km 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 5,9 47,6 45,2 44,4 44,1 43,8 LT Uphill Gradient % , 39,5 34,3 4,9 34,6 3,2 38,6 3 28,5 37,9 3 27,9 37,6 31,5 27,7 37,3 31,3 27,5 7 29,4 26,1 24,7 24,3 24,1 23,9 Road Type /Alignment Type Four-Lane Divided Four-Lane Undivided Base Capacity pcu/h/lane STEP C-1: C Base Capacity STEP C-2: C Capacity Adjustment Factor FC W for Carriageway Width [Table C-2:1] C Road Type /Alignment Type Two-Lane Undivided Base Capacity Total Both Direction pcu/h Four or Six-lane divided (4/2 D or 6/2 D) Four-lane undivided (4/2 UD) FC W =,825W C 3,8848W C 2 + 3,313W C 3,2867 Two-lane undivided (2/2 UD) FC W = -,2W C6 +,79W C 5,1676W C W C 3-17W C ,213W C 53,18

11 STEP C-3: C Capacity Adjustment Factor FC SP for Directional Split FC SP Directional split SP %-% STEP C-4: C Capacity Adjustment Factor FC SF for Side Friction Road with shoulders Table C-4:1 Twolane 2/2 1,,97,94,91,88 Adjustment factor FC SF for six-lane roads FC 6SF = 1 -,8 x (1 - FC 4SF ) FC SP Fourlane 4/2 1,,975,95,925,9 STEP C-5: C Determination of Capacity for Actual Condition C C FC FC FC = W C Capacity (pcu/h) C Base capacity (pcu/h) FC W Adjustment factor for carriageway width FC SP Adjustment factor for directional split FC SF Adjustment factor for side friction SP SF STEP C-6: C Determination of Capacity for Specific Condition C C FC FC FC = W C Capacity (pcu/h) C Base capacity (pcu/h) FC W Adjustment factor for carriageway width FC SP Adjustment factor for directional split FC SF Adjustment factor for side friction SP SF

12 STEP C-6: C Determination of Capacity for Specific Condition Length of Grade /Slope of Grade Length km / all slopes Length,8 km / slope 4,5% All other cases Base Capacity pcu/h STEP C-6: C Determination of Capacity for Specific Condition % Traffic Uphill (direction 1) 7 FC SP,78,83 6,88,94 5 1, STEP D-1: D Degree of Saturation DS = Q / Q Traffic flow (pcu/h) Q IR-2 (column 14 row 5 for undivided road) Q IR-2 (column 14 row 3 & 4 for each direction of travel on divided road) C Capacity (pcu/h) C IR-3 (column 15) C STEP D-2: D Speed and Travel Time Determine the speed at actual traffic Figure D-2:1 (two-lane undivided roads) Figure D-2:2 (four-lane undivided roads) Enter segment length (km) in column 24 Form IR-3 Calculate average travel time (hour) for Light Vehicle TT = L / V LV

13 STEP D-3: D Degree of Bunching (Platooning) Determine Degree of Bunching (DB) on two-lane two-way undivided roads based on Degree of Saturation (DS) column 22 Form IR-3, see figure D-3:1 or using equation: DB = DS DS (, ,28347) STEP D-4: D Speed and Travel Time for Specific Grades Without Climbing Lane P With Climbing Lane P STEP D-4: D Speed and Travel Time for Specific Grades With Climbing Lane Uphill direction as one direction of a fourlane undivided road in hilly alignment STEP D-5: D Evaluation of Traffic Performance If DS >,75 revise calculations

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