A New System of Mobile Evidential Breath-alcohol Testing has Improved the Fight Against Drunk Driving in Sweden
|
|
- Gloria Hunter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A New System of Mobile Evidential Breath-alcohol Testing has Improved the Fight Against Drunk Driving in Sweden C Bergman K Berglund L Andersson AW Jones Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science - SKL, Breath Alcohol Control Unit, SE Linköping, Sweden Background Law enforcement regarding drunk driving has developed progressively over many years. Punishable limits of blood-alcohol concentration were introduced in Sweden in 1941 and were set at 0.8 per mille (80 mg/100 ml). Over the years the legal alcohol limit for driving has been lowered and now stands at 0.2 per mille (20 mg/100 ml) in blood or 0.10 mg alcohol per litre breath (1, 2). Measuring the concentration of alcohol in blood or breath provides a more objective way to assess over-consumption of alcohol and fitness to drive safely. Until 1981 a physician was required to take a blood sample and to conduct various clinical tests to judge whether the suspect was under the influence of alcohol or drugs. A typical drink driving case meant that police resources were occupied for several hours including transporting the suspect and waiting for the doctor to complete the examination and take a blood sample. Agreement between the person s blood-alcohol concentration and the degree of impairment reported by the physician was not always satisfactory. Accordingly, the mandatory medical examination of every drunk driving suspect was abolished in Today, the apprehension and arrest of a drunk driver starts with a roadside breath-alcohol screening test and if positive, the suspect is transported to a police station for an evidential breath-alcohol test (EBT), or to a hospital where a blood sample is taken for laboratory analysis. EBT was introduced in Sweden in 1989 (2), and the evidential breath analyser (EBA) Intoxilyzer 5000S was approved for legal purposes. This meant added responsibility for the police to produce the evidence necessary for prosecution. Transport of suspects from the place of arrest at the roadside to the nearest police station requires considerable police time and resources, especially in sparsely populated areas of the country. To permit more efficient EBT, it became clear that a more flexible system was needed. The Swedish police authorities requested the possibility to conduct the evidential breathalcohol test at the roadside, closer to the time of driving. This change would improve the prosecution rate by reducing the number of positive roadside screening tests that were below the legal limit for driving by the time the EBT was made. Objectives Here we describe the development of a new system of EBT with Evidenzer, which can be used at a police station and in a police vehicle at the roadside. The instrument has several new analytical features to enhance reliability when used in-the-field closer to the time of driving. The mobile use of the new EBA at the time of writing is still in a developmental stage.
2 Stationary Evidential Breath-alcohol Testing From 1989 to 2003 about evidential breath-alcohol tests have been performed with the stationary breath-alcohol instrument Intoxilyzer 5000S. During this time, both advantages and disadvantages of the EBT system have emerged. First, introduction of the Intoxilyzer simplified and speeded-up the testing because sampling of blood was not necessary (2). Second, obtaining an on-the-spot result of the EBT meant that suspects knew whether they were over the legal limit of 0.10 mg alcohol per litre breath. This allowed the police to decide whether the licence should be taken into custody. The Intoxilyzer was installed at 145 police stations scattered throughout the country. (Figure 1). This number of instruments should be considered in relation to the size of the country and the population of 8.9 million inhabitants (1, 2). SWEDEN Population: 8.9 million Area: km 2 EBA location Stockholm Gothenburg Malmo Figure 1. Map of Sweden showing location of the 145 Intoxilyzer instruments and the three largest cities (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo). According to calculations made by the Swedish National Road Safety Administration, there are roughly 16,000 drunk drivers travelling Swedish roads daily. Even though the Intoxilyzer 5000S made it considerably easier and faster to test drunk drivers, there were still problems in effectiveness owing to the long distances to travel when suspects were apprehended in some parts of the country. The long distance between police stations and instruments was one of the reasons for the need of blood tests. Furthermore, blood samples will always be needed because a person cannot be forced to blow into a breathalcohol analyser. Some drunk drivers refuse to co-operate with the breath test procedure and fail to provide two successive samples. Other suspects are too drunk to provide an appropriate specimen, and those involved in road-traffic crashes where the driver requires emergency hospital treatment also provide blood for analysis of alcohol. The need to transport a suspect to a location where there is a stationary breath-alcohol instrument has implications for the number of prosecutions and convictions. The vast majority of apprehended drivers are in the elimination phase of alcohol metabolism and studies have shown that drunk drivers eliminate alcohol at a rate of per mille per hour (19 mg/100 ml) on average (3). The time difference between the positive roadside screening test and the EBT brings many suspects below the legal limit for driving by the
3 time the Intoxilyzer test is made. After making a deduction for uncertainty (0.14 per mille or 0.07 mg/l), about 20 % of all positive screening tests are below the legal limit for driving. These 20 % are therefore classified as false positive roadside screening tests and are troublesome for the police. The number of blood samples compared with EBT and the total number of apprehended drivers during the past 13 years is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Development in number of blood and breath samples from suspects apprehended in Sweden Total Breath-tests Blood samples Advantages With the New Evidenzer Instrument In May 2002, the Swedish police started to use a new EBT instrument, Evidenzer (Figure 3). About 6000 tests have been made so far up to December There are 21 police districts in Sweden and 200 Evidenzers are currently used throughout the country. The instrument combines several features that make it unique. Figure 3. The new evidential breath-alcohol analyser used in Sweden (Evidenzer). Mobility One of the important new features with Evidenzer is that it is intended both for stationary and mobile use. This quantitative infrared analyser is smaller and more robust than the Intoxilyzer. Hopefully the Evidenzer will also work properly on snowmobiles enabling EBT in the remote mountains in the north of Sweden. Detection of interfering substances and mouth alcohol Both Intoxilyzer and Evidenzer employ the same measuring principle for determination of alcohol, namely absorption of infrared light at fixed wavelengths (1, 2, 4). The Intoxilyzer incorporated three filters with 3.80 µm being used as a reference, whereas ethanol molecules are registered at 3.48 µm, and the filter at 3.39 µm is used to detect potential interfering substances, e.g. acetone, ether and methanol (4).
4 The measuring principle in the Evidenzer is also infrared but with five filters (3.37 µm, 3.41 µm, 3.47 µm, 3.52 µm and 3.80 µm), which select the wavelengths reaching the detector for quantitative and qualitative determination of ethanol. This gives a high selectivity for identifying ethanol without disturbances from interfering substances, which is an important requirement when testing in different environments eg at the roadside, where there is risk of interference from organic solvents, such as windscreen cleaning fluids, petrol fumes etc. Furthermore, the Evidenzer also includes improved algorithms for detecting mouth alcohol because a test might be made closer to finishing the last drink. The ambition with use of mobile testing is to eliminate the need for a 15 minutes observation and deprivation period. However, the main safeguard against mouth alcohol is a 6 minutes time gap between two breath samples. The police officers can use this time for completing various forms in the computer necessary for any legal proceedings. National database Besides the enhanced analytical capacity the possibility of storing data from each EBT in a national database is of great importance for quality assurance purposes. For example, each breath ethanol profile is stored resolved into 50 data points each. The stored data makes it possible to reconstruct the most vital parts of every EBT, which is valuable, particularly when the reliability of the EBT result is questioned or challenged. The system also includes software for authentication of operators and search options for retrieving statistics from the EBTs. Time saving Before 1981, when a blood sample and clinical examination was made, the time between a positive breath screening test and the evidential test was on an average 2.5 hours. This time was reduced to about 1.5 hours when nurses were allowed to take the blood sample, and the clinical examination was abolished. When evidential breath-alcohol testing was introduced in 1989, the time between arrest and the evidential test was reduced to about 1 hour. In 2003 mobile testing with Evidenzer meant that the first EBT could be done as soon as possible (5-10 minutes) after a positive screening test result, which has increased the prosecution rate because fewer offenders are now below the legal limit. Furthermore, thanks to new computer software, the time needed to process each drunk driving case and the paper work required has been reduced to a minimum. User-friendliness The improved breath-sampling characteristics of the Evidenzer has meant that fewer suspects fail to provide a breath sample as they do not have to blow as hard into the Evidenzer compared the Intoxilyzer 5000, something that caused problems for some suspects, especially elder women (Figure 4). Insufficient samples (%) < >60 Intoxilyzer, males Intoxilyzer, females Evidenzer, males Evidenzer, females Age class (year) Figure 4. Proportion of insufficient samples for Intoxilyzer 5000S (n = 13,143) from 2002 and Evidenzer (n = 10,310) from June 2002 to February 2004.
5 Calibration check A calibration check was made before and after every EBT with Intoxilyzer However, with the improvements made to the Evidenzer software, it has been deemed practical to conduct the control test once a week. The check comprises 8 single tests of wet-gas (0.50 mg/l) from a modified Guth 34C simulator. The average of the five last results is used as a measure of instrument calibration. Results between 0.47 to 0.53 mg/l are considered as acceptable. A wet-gas simulator is not suitable for use in police vehicles because the simulator is sensitive to changes in temperature, which has required developing another method to check calibration. During an EBT with the Evidenzer instrument an optical filter is introduced to reduce the infrared light to the same amount as 0.50 mg alcohol per litre of air. This filter serves to check the calibration when every suspect is tested. Calibration control with a wet-bath simulator is done weekly by a special trained police officer. Running-in Problems The running-in problems have been acceptable considering that Evidenzer is a part of a new and different concept. A majority of the police officers working with traffic control are satisfied with the new system. However, a few officers have expressed the opinion that they preferred the Intoxilyzer system, because it was in some ways simpler and that the new weekly calibration checks necessary with Evidenzer takes too much time. Their complaints are understandable although the new system saves time it is also more complex, and a simplified calibration check procedure needs to be developed. The Evidenzer measuring unit needs to be connected to a desktop or laptop PC to be functional. The PC must use the operating system Windows NT4 or Windows XP. This concept has caused some trouble during the running-in period. Different police stations use PCs of different brands and software, and the computers are connected to the nationwide police network. Some police districts hesitated for a long time to release the new software into their network, a fact that delayed the introduction of the Evidenzer system. Software problems have been solved but there are, and will probably always be, plenty of room for software improvements to make the system user-friendlier. Implementing this new system required a carefully planned training programme lasting two days at each EBA location with instructions and demonstration of the instrument capabilities and computer software. A few policemen were reluctant to learn the new more complex system and felt unsure when dealing with computers. Deduction for Uncertainty The enforcement of concentration per se statutes and the penalties imposed for those found guilty requires a compensation for random and systematic variations in the methods of alcohol analysis. With the Intoxilyzer 5000S, a constant deduction of 0.07 mg/l (0.14 per mille) was made from the average of two tests. The same deduction is currently used in Evidenzer but this will shortly be changed. Instead, the deduction will be a function of the measured alcohol concentration and will contain a component for undetected interfering substances and undetected mouth alcohol. With a lower deduction for uncertainty the number of suspects liable to prosecution will increase. Conclusions Sweden s new portable instrument for evidential breath-alcohol testing (Evidenzer) incorporates several novel features and has rationalised police procedures in the battle against drunk driving. The most important new feature is the fact that testing can be done at the roadside in close proximity with the driving. Hopefully, the Evidenzer will work
6 properly also on police patrol boats and snowmobiles. Transport of a suspect from the place of arrest to the nearest police station often required considerable police time and manpower, especially in sparsely populated parts of the country. This time-delay meant that many suspects above the legal limit according to the roadside test were below the legal limit for driving by the time the EBT was made. The vast majority of apprehended drivers are in the elimination stage of alcohol metabolism and blood-alcohol drops by 0.19 per mille per hour (3). Conducting the EBT closer to the time of driving will increase the prosecution rate of drunk drivers. Introduction of Evidenzer has also simplified the paperwork, which is an additional time saving for the police. The improved infrared analysis gives a higher selectivity for identifying presence of interfering substances. Furthermore, new algorithms and a sample time space of 6 minutes have been introduced to detect mouth alcohol, which is necessary if the 15 minutes observation period is eliminated. The enhanced analytical precision also permits a smaller deduction for uncertainty, which will now be a function of the person s breath-alcohol concentration. The improved breath-sampling requirement of the Evidenzer has meant that fewer suspects fail to provide a sample. The new Evidenzer instrument has been well received so far by the majority of the police working with traffic controls. With the exception of some technical problems in the beginning, related to computers, software, instruments and simulators the police have confidence in the new instrument. With a more efficient instrument, time and money can be saved, more suspects can be prosecuted and fewer victims will hopefully be affected by the crime of drunk driving. References 1. Bergman C, Berglund K, Andersson L, Jones AW. Ten years experience of evidential breath-alcohol testing in Sweden. 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, T-2000 Stockholm 2000, pp Jones AW, Andersson L, Kopp I. Enforcement of drunk driving laws in Sweden with blood and breath alcohol concentrations as evidence for prosecution. Kriminalistik und forensische Wissenschaften 82;11-26, Jones AW, Andersson L. Influence of age, gender, and blood-alcohol concentration on the disappearance rate of alcohol from blood in drinking drivers. J. Forensic. Sci. 41; , Jones AW, Andersson L Comparison of ethanol concentrations in venous blood and end-expired breath during a controlled drinking experiment. Forensic Sci Intern , 2003.
Learning Objectives. Become familiar with: Elements of DWI offenses Implied consent Chemical test evidence Case law
Learning Objectives Become familiar with: Elements of DWI offenses Implied consent Chemical test evidence Case law 3-2 (Time varies with the complexity and variation of your state's laws relating to drinking
More informationAPPENDIX B ALCOHOL SAMPLE COLLECTION AND TESTING PROCEDURES
APPENDIX B ALCOHOL SAMPLE COLLECTION AND TESTING PROCEDURES Alcohol Testing The initial sample must be collected through the use of a saliva device, a nonevidential breath test device [alcohol screening
More informationRegulations to Tackle Drink Driving in Northern Ireland. RoSPA s Response to the Department for Environment (Northern Ireland) Consultation Paper
Regulations to Tackle Drink Driving in Northern Ireland RoSPA s Response to the Department for Environment (Northern Ireland) Consultation Paper Date: 17 May 2016 Introduction This is the response of the
More information501 CMR: EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
501 CMR 2.00: SAFE ROADS Section 2.01: Purpose 2.02: Definitions 2.03: Office of Alcohol Testing 2.04: Responsibilities of the Office of Alcohol Testing 2.05: Requirements for Approved Breath Test Devices
More information501 CMR: EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
501 CMR 2.00 SAFE ROADSSection 2.01: Purpose 2.02: Definitions 2.03: Office of Alcohol Testing (OAT) 2.04: Responsibilities of the Office of Alcohol Testing 2.05: Requirements for Approved Breath Test
More informationWhy are you proposing to make alcohol interlocks mandatory for drink drive offences?
Mandatory Alcohol Interlocks - Questions and Answers What is an alcohol interlock? An alcohol interlock is a breath testing device wired into a vehicle s starting system. Before the vehicle can start,
More informationKey Findings General Public and Traffic Police Surveys
General Public and Traffic Police Surveys Tanzania Population: 50 million Demographics: 64% of population under 24 Dar es Salaam population growth: 4.39% (3rd fastest in Africa, 9th fastest globally) Surveys
More informationDataMaster: Legal and Foundational Issues
DataMaster: Legal and Foundational Issues Kenneth Stecker and perry Curtis Michigan traffic safety summit March 23, 2011 Reference Documents -MCL 257.625a(6) -CJI 2 nd 15.5 -MSP Admin Rule R 325.2651 et
More informationAlcohol, Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement
Alcohol, Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement Jack McLean and Craig Kloeden Road Accident Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 5005 Abstract This paper compares
More informationDriving Under the Influence House Sub. for SB 6
House Sub. for SB 6 amends various administrative and criminal statutes related to driving under the influence (DUI). The bill addresses professional licensing consequences for DUI, permits saliva testing,
More informationCannabis and Drug Impaired Driving Just the Facts
Cannabis and Drug Impaired Driving Just the Facts Did you know it has been illegal in Canada to drive while impaired by drugs since 1925? Remember PEI laws about drinking alcohol and driving are the same
More informationField Evaluation of a Behavioral Test Battery for DWI
September 1983 NHTSA Technical Note DOT HS-806-475 U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Field Evaluation of a Behavioral Test Battery for DWI Research and Development
More informationDutch Alcohol Interlock Program
Dutch Alcohol Interlock Program Marian Jongman de Jong Policy advisor Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment 5 th September 2013 Dutch Alcohol Interlock Program Latest international research: DRUID
More informationDEPARTMENT OF STATE POLICE TRAFFIC SAFETY DIVISION TESTS FOR BREATH ALCOHOL
DEPARTMENT OF STATE POLICE TRAFFIC SAFETY DIVISION TESTS FOR BREATH ALCOHOL (By authority conferred on the department of state police by section 190 of 1945 PA 327, MCL 259.190, and section 625a of 1949
More informationImpaired Driving and Ignition Interlocks
Impaired Driving and Ignition Interlocks Division of Public Health Injury and Violence Prevention Branch March 7, 2018 Overview Alcohol-Impaired Driving Data Research and Recommendations North Carolina
More informationAlcohol and Driving The Road Ahead
Alcohol and Driving The Road Ahead AW Jones Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden Background Alcohol is the world s favorite drug and the most frequently used
More informationASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION No. 64 STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 218th LEGISLATURE INTRODUCED FEBRUARY 1, 2018
ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION No. STATE OF NEW JERSEY th LEGISLATURE INTRODUCED FEBRUARY, 0 Sponsored by: Assemblyman JOHN F. MCKEON District (Essex and Morris) SYNOPSIS Establishes Commission on Drunk and
More informationMichigan DUI Courts Outcome Evaluation
Michigan DUI Courts Outcome Evaluation Final Report Bay County Ottawa County Oakland County Michigan Supreme Court, State Court Administrative Office NPC Research Bret Fuller, Ph.D. Shannon M. Carey, Ph.D.
More informationAlcohol Interlock Program. Participant Guide
Alcohol Interlock Program Participant Guide February 2015 Contents What is an interlock? 2 Overview 3 Aim of the interlock program 3 What the Court will order 3 Your responsibilities 3 Costs 3 The Alcohol
More informationIf You Have Been Caught DRINK DRIVING In Queensland, Here Is What You Need To Know.
If You Have Been Caught DRINK DRIVING In Queensland, Here Is What You Need To Know. Phone: 1300 636 846 Website: Email: solicitors@ IF YOU HAVE BEEN CAUGHT DRINK DRIVING IN QUEENSLAND, HERE IS WHAT YOU
More informationRoad fatalities in 2012
Lithuania 1 Inhabitants Vehicles/1 000 inhabitants Road fatalities in 2012 Fatalities /100 000 inhabitants in 2012 2.98 million 751 301 10.1 1. Road safety data collection Definitions Road fatality: person
More informationEstablishing Effective Border Crossing Enforcement of Drinking and Driving Laws
Establishing Effective Border Crossing Enforcement of Drinking and Driving Laws S. Stewart, A. Reid, P Boase 1.Ministry of the Attorney General, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ontario Court of Justice, Room
More informationAlcohol interlocks in Finland. 22 April 2015, Lisbon
ETSC Safe & Sober Alcohol interlocks and the fight against drink-driving Alcohol interlocks in Finland 22 April 2015, Lisbon Marita Löytty, Special Adviser Responsible traffic. A joint effort. Content
More informationAlcohol-Impaired Driving Facts
BREATH TEST REFUSAL RATES IN THE UNITED STATES 2011 UPDATE Nathan Warren-Kigenyi, MPH Work Performed During Public Health Fellowship with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration s Office of
More information19 May 2015, Luxembourg
Implementation and evaluation of the alcohol interlock programme in Finland 19 May 2015, Luxembourg Marita Löytty, Special Adviser Responsible traffic. A joint effort. Content 1. Finland: facts and number
More informationPOLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RULES
FAYETTEVILLE POLICE DEPARTMENT FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RULES Effective Date: Subject: 61.1.11 DWI, DUI May 1, 2012 Reference: Version: 1 CALEA: 61.1.11, 61.1.5, 61.1.10 No. Pages:
More informationITSMR Research Note. Recidivism in New York State: A Status Report ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION KEY FINDINGS RECIDIVISM RATES
January 2017 KEY FINDINGS RECIDIVISM RATES The recidivism rate was 20% in down from 21% in, 22% in and down substantially from 29% in. In, the highest rate of recidivism occurred among drivers convicted
More information2011 Bill 26. Fourth Session, 27th Legislature, 60 Elizabeth II THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA BILL 26 TRAFFIC SAFETY AMENDMENT ACT, 2011
2011 Bill 26 Fourth Session, 27th Legislature, 60 Elizabeth II THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA BILL 26 TRAFFIC SAFETY AMENDMENT ACT, 2011 THE MINISTER OF TRANSPORTATION First Reading.......................................................
More informationDWI Loteria Talking Points
DWI Loteria Talking Points Broke How much might a first-time DWI end up costing you? ($9,000-$24,000) What will your friends think if you are always broke because all your money is going toward paying
More informationA GUIDE TO SUSPENSION & REVOCATION OF DRIVING PRIVILEGES IN NEW YORK STATE
DEFINITIONS sus.pen.sion n 1: Your license, permit, or privilege to drive is taken away for a period of time before it is returned. You may be required to pay a suspension termination fee. re.vo.ca.tion
More informationAlcohol Ignition Interlocks: Research, Technology and Programs. Robyn Robertson Traffic Injury Research Foundation NCSL Webinar, June 24 th, 2009
Alcohol Ignition Interlocks: Research, Technology and Programs Robyn Robertson Traffic Injury Research Foundation NCSL Webinar, June 24 th, 2009 Overview of presentation Reductions in recidivism Predicting
More informationEvaluation of the interlock programme for DUI offenders in Finland
Special Adviser, Marita Löytty, Finnish Transport Safety Agency (Trafi) Abstract Background Finland started a trial with alcohol interlocks for DUI offenders in 2005. The positive experiences of the three-year
More informationIGNITION INTERLOCK PROGRAM
IGNITION INTERLOCK PROGRAM BEST PRACTICES GUIDE IGNITION INTERLOCK PROGRAM BEST PRACTICES WORKING GROUP AAMVA s Ignition Interlock Program Best Practices Working Group developed the Ignition Interlock
More informationImpaired Driving. Tough consequences Impaired Driver Assessments
Impaired Driving Tough consequences Impaired Driver Assessments 1 Driving any vehicle while impaired by alcohol or drugs is dangerous and illegal. Impaired driving threatens everyone s safety. Manitoba
More informationImportance of Large Scale Field Validation Study. SFST Field Validation Studies
Importance of Large Scale Field Validation Study First significant assessment of the workability of the standardized tests under actual enforcement conditions First time completely objective clues and
More informationErrors in Current Alcohol Breath Analysis
Errors in Current Alcohol Breath Analysis J. Levett1 and L. Karras On September 29, 1969, Section 11-501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Suspension of License Implied Consent) was approved in an effort to
More informationTools of the Trade. Victoria Hauan, Impaired Driving Program Manager, Office of Traffic Safety
Tools of the Trade Victoria Hauan, Impaired Driving Program Manager, Office of Traffic Safety An ignition interlock is a device installed in a vehicle that requires a breath sample from the driver before
More informationCITY OF CHESTERFIELD POLICE DEPARTMENT GENERAL ORDER EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 28, 2005 CANCELS: GENERAL ORDER 87-02
CITY OF CHESTERFIELD POLICE DEPARTMENT GENERAL ORDER 87-05 EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 28, 2005 CANCELS: GENERAL ORDER 87-02 TO: ALL PERSONNEL INDEX AS: COUNTERMEASURES SUBJECT: I. PURPOSE To establish guidelines
More informationI-95 high-risk driver analysis using multiple imputation methods
I-95 high-risk driver analysis using multiple imputation methods Kyla Marcoux Traffic Injury Research Foundation New Orleans, Louisiana July 26, 2010 Acknowledgements Authors: Robertson, R., Wood, K.,
More informationWashington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs
Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs The 24/7 sobriety program is a twenty-four hour, seven day a week monitoring program in which a participant submits to the testing of their blood, breath,
More informationThe Drinking Driver Program
The Drinking Driver Program Alcohol & Drug Rehabilitation Program If you are convicted of an alcohol or drug related driving violation, your license or privilege to drive in New York State will be revoked
More information2016 Mothers Against Drunk Driving
1 2016 Mothers Against Drunk Driving MADD's mission is to eliminate drunk driving, fight drugged driving, support victims of these violent crimes, and prevent underage drinking. 2 2016 Mothers Against
More informationSECTION I: GENERAL INFORMATION {Indicate if analysis is on an original bill, amendment, substitute or a correction of a previous bill}
LFC Requester: AGENCY BILL ANALYSIS 2015 REGULAR SESSION WITHIN 24 HOURS OF BILL POSTING, EMAIL ANALYSIS TO: LFC@NMLEGIS.GOV and DFA@STATE.NM.US {Include the bill no. in the email subject line, e.g., HB2,
More informationA) New zero tolerance drug presence laws for young and novice drivers. Create a new regulation to define and permit the use of federally
Proposed Regulatory Amendments to Support Implementation of Schedule 4 of the Cannabis, Smoke-Free Ontario and Road Safety Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017 Background: For the last 16 years, Ontario has
More informationDepartment of Legislative Services
House Bill 524 Judiciary Department of Legislative Services Maryland General Assembly 2006 Session FISCAL AND POLICY NOTE Revised (Delegate Simmons, et al.) HB 524 Judicial Proceedings Criminal Offenses
More informationPolicy Page 1 of 11
POLICY 506 DUI INVESTIGATIONS REVISED: 10/97, 12/00, 11/05, 6/08, 03/10, 10/13, 11/17, 06/18 CFA STANDARDS: RELATED POLICIES: REVIEWED: AS NEEDED A. PURPOSE The purpose of this policy is to describe procedures
More informationHome Model Legislation Public Safety and Elections
Search GO LOGIN LOGOUT HOME JOIN ALEC CONTACT ABOUT MEMBERS EVENTS & MEETINGS MODEL LEGISLATION TASK FORCES ALEC INITIATIVES PUBLICATIONS NEWS Model Legislation Civil Justice Commerce, Insurance, and Economic
More informationAlberta Speeding Convictions and Collisions Involving Unsafe Speed
Alberta Speeding Convictions and Collisions Involving Unsafe Speed 2004-2008 Overview This document was prepared under the Alberta Traffic Safety Plan, Strategic Research Plan for 2008-2010, with the objective
More informationMELANIE S LAW The New OUI Law
MELANIE S LAW The New OUI Law WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE NEW LAW Edward P. Ryan Jr. O Connor and Ryan, P.C. 61 Academy Street Fitchburg, MA 01420 978-345-4166 1 OFFENSE ELEMENTS Operation of MV On
More informationTRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS. Overview Data
TRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS 2009 Data Overview Motor vehicle travel is the primary means of transportation in the United States, providing an unprecedented degree of mobility. Yet for all its advantages, injuries
More informationDriving JUST THE FACTS. consumed. driving crash. 2. An average of In 2016, a total. BAC=.08+ Drivers Involved. State. Number. Number Percent.
Driving on the Right Side of the Road Ignition Interlock Devices JUST THE FACTS Nationally: An Ignition Interlock Device (IID) is a device designedd to prevent a car from starting when the driver has consumed
More informationCurrent and planned policies on drink-driving & drug-driving. Desirée Schaap Projectleader alcolockprogram
Current and planned policies on drink-driving & drug-driving Desirée Schaap Projectleader alcolockprogram 06 July 2009 Last ten years a reduction of 30 % Fatalities per year number 4000 3500 3000 2500
More informationAlcohol and drugs 2015
Alcohol and drugs 2015 Disclaimer All reasonable endeavours are made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this report. However, the information is provided without warranties of any kind including
More informationChapter 6 Drinking & Drugs
Chapter 6 Drinking & Drugs Effects of Alcohol Alcohol is a drug that affects overall driving ability. Just one drink may effect a drivers driving ability. Driving Under the Influence (DUI) of intoxicating
More informationStrategies That Work to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving
Strategies That Work to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Committee on Accelerating Progress to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine James C.
More informationDUI ENFORCEMENT AND PROCEDURES
DUI ENFORCEMENT AND PROCEDURES INDEX CODE: 1905 EFFECTIVE DATE: 10-10-17 Contents: I. Purpose II. Field Procedures for DUI/DWI Cases III. Station Procedures IV. Chemical Testing V. Release of DUI/DWI Offenders
More informationThe Condition of U.S. Highway Safety
The Condition of U.S. Highway Safety 1 The Problem Today U.S. Highway deaths have remained relatively constant 43,005 (2002) 42,643 (2003) 42,636 (2004) 43,443 (2005) Jack Trice Stadium Ames, IA 2005 is
More informationFrancis Burt Law Education Programme
SENTENCING EXERCISE DRINK DRIVING Principles of Sentencing The Sentencing Act WA (1995) states that the punishment must fit the crime. In other words, when deciding what penalty to give an offender, the
More informationImpaired Driving. Tough consequences Impaired Driver Assessments
Impaired Driving Tough consequences Impaired Driver Assessments Driving any vehicle while impaired by alcohol or drugs is dangerous and against the law. Impaired driving threatens everyone s safety. Manitoba
More informationPLEA NEGOTIATIONS. Sherry Levin Wallach, Esq. Wallach & Rendo LLP Mount Kisco, NY
PLEA NEGOTIATIONS by Sherry Levin Wallach, Esq. Wallach & Rendo LLP Mount Kisco, NY 327 328 9/8/2014 Sherry Levin Wallach Wallach & Rendo, LLP wallach@wallachrendo.com P: 914-242-9494 Managing Expectations
More informationBRANDON POLICE SERVICE th Street Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6Z3 Telephone: (204)
BRANDON POLICE SERVICE 1340-10th Street Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6Z3 Telephone: (204) 729-2345 www.brandon.ca 2010-02-24 Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators 2323 St. Laurent Blvd. Ottawa, Ontario
More informationOECD TRANSPORT DIVISION RTR PROGRAMME ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE - TRENDS AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
OECD TRANSPORT DIVISION RTR PROGRAMME ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE - TRENDS AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ROAD SAFETY TRENDS IN OECD COUNTRIES Attachment 1 1. Trends in road fatalities - 1990 to 2000 Between 1990
More informationIMPAIRED DRIVING TASK FORCE
IMPAIRED DRIVING TASK FORCE Statewide Impaired Driving Plan For Federal Fiscal Year 2016 Senator Jody Amedee, Chairman Governor s Task Force on DWI - Vehicular Homicide Lt. Colonel John A. LeBlanc, Executive
More informationLEGISLATION. The following is a brief listing of traffic legislation introduced since 1965.
LEGISLATION 174 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 LEGISLATION The following is a brief listing of traffic legislation introduced since 1965. Further information can be obtained from Transport and
More informationAlcohol Interlocks and the fight against Drink-Driving
Alcohol Interlocks and the fight against Drink-Driving Safe and Sober Seminar Portuguese Parliament - Assembleia da República Lisbon, Portugal Wednesday 22 nd April 2015 Ilyas Daoud Project Manager Ilyas.Daoud@etsc.eu
More informationGlobal Status Report on Road Safety: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETION OF RESPONDENTS' QUESTIONNAIRE
: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETION OF RESPONDENTS' QUESTIONNAIRE Thank you for completing this questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed to assess the response to the road safety situation in your country.
More informationDutch Alcohol Interlock Program. Desirée Schaap Projectmanager Alcohol Interlock Program Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment
Dutch Alcohol Interlock Program Desirée Schaap Projectmanager Alcohol Interlock Program Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment Netherlands 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
More informationSACRAMENTO POLICE DEPARTMENT GENERAL ORDERS
537.01 DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE PROCEDURES 02-28-17 PURPOSE The purpose of this policy is to outline procedures to investigate and document all Driving Under the Influence (DUI) cases for prosecution
More informationCOUNTERMEASURES THAT WORK:
COUNTERMEASURES THAT WORK: A HIGHWAY SAFETY COUNTERMEASURE GUIDE FOR STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY OFFICES NINTH EDITION, 2017 AT A GLANCE SUMMARY DOCUMENT ACCESS THE FULL REPORT HERE: Richard, C. M., Magee, K.,
More informationINNER EUROPEAN PROBLEMS OF EVIDENCE EVALUATION IN CASES OF "DWI"
INNER EUROPEAN PROBLEMS OF EVIDENCE EVALUATION IN CASES OF "DWI" Manfred Erkens Institute of Forensic Medicine, Klinikum RWTH, W-5100 Aachen, Germany It is generally accepted, that the intake of alcohol
More informationStatistics and Facts About Distracted Driving
Untitled Document Statistics and Facts About Distracted Driving What does it mean to be a distracted driver? Are you one? Learn more here. What Is Distracted Driving? There are three main types of distraction:
More informationHILLSBOROUGH COUNTY SHERIFF S OFFICE DAVID GEE, SHERIFF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
Date: 07/28/90 Revision: 11/15/05 Reviewed: 11/15/05 HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY SHERIFF S OFFICE DAVID GEE, SHERIFF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Number: DTN 917.06 Page: 1 of 7 SUBJECT: TESTING FOR BREATH ALCOHOL
More informationMinimizing Transmix With FuellCheck
Minimizing Transmix With FuellCheck What is Transmix? Those who have to deal with transmix best answer this question. Below are 2 different perspectives, the first from an engineering consulting firm,
More informationDriver Improvement and Control. Program
Driver Improvement and Control Program The Driver Improvement and Control (DI&C) Program aims to make Manitoba s roads safer for all. It encourages Manitobans to make safe driving behaviour a habit for
More informationDepartment of Legislative Services Maryland General Assembly 2009 Session. FISCAL AND POLICY NOTE Revised
Department of Legislative Services Maryland General Assembly 2009 Session SB 735 Senate Bill 735 Judicial Proceedings FISCAL AND POLICY NOTE Revised (Senator Raskin, et al.) Rules and Executive Nominations
More information2000 DWI Law Recodification
0001 Loose-Leaf Rel. 003 VERSACOMP (4.2 ) COMPOSE2 (4.35) 06/18/02 (16:42) Group 0001 (Beg Group) J:\VRS\DAT\81864\1A.GML --- R81864.STY --- POST 000009 CHAPTER 1A 2000 DWI Law Recodification SYNOPSIS
More informationAnalysis of biodiesel oil (as per ASTM D6751 & EN 14214) using the Agilent 5100 SVDV ICP-OES
Analysis of biodiesel oil (as per ASTM D6751 & EN 14214) using the Agilent 5100 SVDV ICP-OES Application note Petrochemical Author Neli Drvodelic Agilent Technologies Melbourne, Australia Introduction
More informationAn examination of the licensing status of drivers involved in fatal road crashes in Western Australia.
An examination of the licensing status of drivers involved in fatal road crashes in Western Australia. Abstract Andrew WA Police andrew.plunkett@police.wa.gov.au Drivers who drive whilst unlicensed are
More informationOWI and Operating with Presence of Controlled Substance 5-8.1
OWI and Operating with Presence of Controlled Substance 5-8.1 A. PURPOSE. To outline the procedure for the enforcement of Operating While Intoxicated and Operating with the Presence of a Controlled Substance
More informationContent of presentation
1 Content of presentation The RDW. Reasons for the Interlock programme Legal framework Features Dutch Interlock Programme Technical requirements Implementation facts. Evaluation. RDW in the Netherlands
More informationCommercial Driver s License Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse Frequently Asked Questions
DRUG & ALCOHOL CLEARINGHOUSE Commercial Driver s License Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse Frequently Asked Questions 1. What is the Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse (Clearinghouse)? The Clearinghouse will
More informationSTUDIES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IGNITION INTERLOCKS
STUDIES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IGNITION INTERLOCKS Updated: January 2017 McGinty, Emma E. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, Ignition Interlock Laws: Effects on Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes, 1982
More informationDOT HS April 2013
TRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS 2011 Data DOT HS 811 753 April 2013 Overview Motor vehicle travel is the primary means of transportation in the United States, providing an unprecedented degree of mobility. Yet for
More informationRicardo-AEA. Passenger car and van CO 2 regulations stakeholder meeting. Sujith Kollamthodi 23 rd May
Ricardo-AEA Data gathering and analysis to improve understanding of the impact of mileage on the cost-effectiveness of Light-Duty vehicles CO2 Regulation Passenger car and van CO 2 regulations stakeholder
More informationGENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA 1987 SESSION CHAPTER 1112 HOUSE BILL 2489
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA 1987 SESSION CHAPTER 1112 HOUSE BILL 2489 AN ACT TO ESTABLISH THE OFFENSE OF IMPAIRED DRIVING IN COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLES, TO ASSESS A FEE FOR LICENSE REVOCATION FOR
More informationMandated Substance Abuse Treatment for Ignition Interlock Users. Does it Reduce Recidivism?
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Mandated Substance Abuse Treatment for Ignition Interlock Users Does it Reduce Recidivism? Title Lifesavers 2016 Effective Implementation of Ignition Interlock
More informationGlobal Status Report on Road Safety: Respondents' Questionnaire
Global Status Report on Road Safety: Respondents' Questionnaire Country: Respondent's Information Name: Position: Institution: Email: Telephone: Fax: National Data Coordinator Name: Position: Institution:
More informationAlberta s Current and Proposed Impaired Driving Laws
Alberta s Current and Proposed Impaired Driving Laws Zero Tolerance Program for Graduated Driver Licensing Program (GDL) Drivers Participants: GDL drivers found to have any alcohol in blood. GDL drivers
More informationEffective Measures on Drink Driving in the EU
Pathways for Health Paris Effective Measures on Drink Driving in the EU, Senior Policy Advisor European Transport Safety Council, www.etsc.be Presentation Structure Introduction to ETSC Research on drink
More information3/17/2017. Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving: Using technology to eliminate drunk driving
Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving: Using technology to eliminate drunk driving Debbie Weir MADD CEO Mission Moment Honoring Victims Emma Longstreet 2014 Mothers Against Drunk Driving Mothers Against
More informationis an independent and internationally prominent research institute within the transport sector
In brief VTI Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute is an independent and internationally prominent research institute within the transport sector organised under the Ministry of Enterprise,
More informationBreak The Law, Pay The Price
Page 1 of 6 Break The Law, Pay The Price Break The Law, Pay The Price Ontario has cracked down on some of the worst offenders on our roads drinking drivers and drivers suspended for Criminal Code convictions*.
More informationCOMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION. Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 2.3.2005 COM(2005) 69 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union Second annual report
More informationAbstract. 1. Introduction. 1.1 object. Road safety data: collection and analysis for target setting and monitoring performances and progress
Road Traffic Accident Involvement Rate by Accident and Violation Records: New Methodology for Driver Education Based on Integrated Road Traffic Accident Database Yasushi Nishida National Research Institute
More informationSupplementary advice to the Transport and Industrial Relations Committee
Supplementary advice to the Transport and Industrial Relations Committee Land Transport Amendment Bill 1. In the course of preparing the revision-tracked version of Land Transport Amendment Bill (the Bill),
More informationProtecting Vulnerable Road Users
BACKGROUNDER Ministry of Transportation Protecting Vulnerable Road Users September 20, 2017 Ontario intends to introduce legislation to strengthen existing road safety laws and propose new measures to
More informationEvolution of blood ethanol concentrations at traffic controls. Validation of a formula to calculate the imprecision of a retrospective extrapolation
UNIDAD DE TOXICOLOGIA CLINICA HOSPITAL CLINICO UNIVERSITARIO DE ZARAGOZA Evolution of blood ethanol concentrations at traffic controls. Validation of a formula to calculate the imprecision of a retrospective
More informationDRIVER INFORMATION VEHICLE INFORMATION VEHICLE IN MOTION
WVSP FORM 78 WEST VIRGINIA CITATION ISSUED YES NO DMV 314 D.U.I. INFORMATION SHEET CITATION NUMBER AGENCY: ARREST NUMBER: CRASH/STOP LOCATION: COUNTY: CRASH: YES NO CRASH NUMBER: DATE OF CRASH: TIME OF
More informationBest practices in tackling drink driving in Sweden. Liza Jakobsson. Traffic safety unit. TMALL 0143 Presentation engelsk v 1.0
TMALL 0143 Presentation engelsk v 1.0 Best practices in tackling drink driving in Sweden Liza Jakobsson Traffic safety unit Sweden: facts Area: 528 447 km 2 - (121 107 km 2 water) 9,8 million inhabitants
More informationSMART DRUNKEN DETECTION HANDHELD DEVICE.
SMART DRUNKEN DETECTION HANDHELD DEVICE. Mr.SOHAN LOKHANDE 1,Mr.DHIRAJ SINGH RAJPUT 2,Mr.NILESH KUMAR PADWAL 3 Prof.Mr.MAHESH MAINDARKAR 4. IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH, WAGHOLI, PUNE.412207.
More information