Prentice Hall Biology: Exploring Life 2006 Correlated to: Arkansas Biology Curriculum Framework (Grades 9-12)

Transcription

1 Strand: Molecules and Cells Standard 1: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of chemistry in life processes. MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates SE/TE: 73, 95-97, 146, 636, 641 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: chapter 5 LM: lab 7, 7A 5. proteins SE/TE: , 116, 117, LM: lab 5, 5A 5.4, 6. enzymes SE/TE: 103, 104, LM: lab 5, 5A 5.5 lipids SE/TE: 98, 99, LM: lab 9, 9A 5.3 nucleic acids SE/TE: LM: lab MC.1.B. Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s) SE/TE: 103, 104, 117 1

2 5 LM: 9, 9A 5.5 MC.1.B.3 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension SE/TE: 8 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: 4.4 adhesion SE/TE: 8, cohesion SE/TE: 8, 465 polarity SE/TE: ph SE/TE: 85, 86, LM: 4A 4.4 MC.1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy SE/TE: 103

3 5 LM: 5, 5A 5.5 exergonic reactions SE/TE: 80 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: LM: lab endergonic reactions SE/TE: 80 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: LM: lab Standard : Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells. MC..B.1 Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems SE/TE: LM: lab MC..B. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes SE/TE: 114 6, 16 LM: lab 16, 16A 6.1 MC..B.3 Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles SE/TE: 11, 114, 14-19, 148-,

4 6, 7, 8 LM: lab 6, 6A, 7, 7A, 8, 8A 6.1, 6.4, 6.5, 7.5, 8.1, 8., 8.3 ribosomes SE/TE: , 15, 131, , 11 LM: 6A 6.1, 11.5 cytoskeleton SE/TE: 130, LM: lab 6A 6.6 MC..B.4 Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure SE/TE: 11, 113, 1-117, LM: lab 6 6.1, 6., 8. MC..B.5 Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell SE/TE: 11, LM: lab 6A 6.1 MC..B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs SE/TE:, 136, 365, 381, 788, 789 4

5 7, MC..B.7 Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion SE/TE: 118, LM: lab osmosis SE/TE: LM: lab endocytosis SE/TE: 1, exocytosis SE/TE: 1, 16, phagocytosis SE/TE: 679, 683 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: pinocytosis TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: 5

6 MC..B.8 Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: interphase SE/TE: 183, 184, 186, 196, 00 9 LM: lab 9, 9A 9., 9.3, 9.5 mitosis SE/TE: 184, , 18 9 LM: lab 9 9., 9.3 cytokinesis SE/TE: 184, 186, 187, 188, 196, 197, 00 9 LM: lab 9, 9A 9., 9.3, 9.5 MC..B.9 List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: prophase SE/TE: 186, 187, 00 9 LM: lab 9 9. metaphase SE/TE: 186, 187, 00 9 LM: lab 9 6

7 9. anaphase SE/TE: 186, 187, 00 9 LM: lab 9 9. telophase. SE/TE: 186, 187, 00 9 LM: lab 9 9. MC..B.10 Analyze the meiotic maintenance of a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next SE/TE: 19-01, 18, 19, 51 9, 10 LM: lab 9A 9.5, 9.6, 10.4 MC..B.11 Discuss homeostasis using thermoregulation as an example SE/TE: 16, 593, 698 7, 3 7.3, 3.1 Standard 3: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of how cells obtain and use energy (energetics). MC.3.B.1 Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts SE/TE: 18, 19,

8 MC.3.B. Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): glycolysis SE/TE: 148, 149, 0,, 3 7 LM: 7A 7.5 citric acid cycle SE/TE: 148, 0, electron transport chain SE/TE: 147, 1, 166, 167 7, 8 7.4, 7.5, 8. MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation SE/TE: LM: lab 7A 7.6 alcoholic fermentation SE/TE: LM: lab 7A 7.6 8

9 MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: light dependent reactions SE/TE: 16, , LM: lab 8, 8A 8.1, 8. light independent reactions SE/TE: 16, LM: 8, 8A MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways Strand: Heredity and Evolution 8.1, 8.3 SE/TE: Standard 4: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of heredity. HE.4.B.1 Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendel s experimental procedures SE/TE: 06, HE.4.B. Differentiate among the laws and principles of inheritance: dominance SE/TE: 09 9

10 10 LM: lab 10, 10A, 1A segregation SE/TE: LM: lab 10, 10A 10. independent assortment SE/TE: 1, LM: lab 10, 10A 10. HE.4.B.3 Use the laws of probability and Punnett squares to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios SE/TE: LM: lab 10, 10A 10. HE.4.B.4 Examine different modes of inheritance: sex linkage SE/TE: 0, 1, 58 codominance SE/TE: 16 10, ,

11 crossing over SE/TE: 196, 199, 19 9, 10 LM: lab 9A incomplete dominance SE/TE: 9.5, 9.6, multiple alleles SE/TE: HE.4.B.5 Analyze the historically significant work of prominent geneticists SE/TE: 06-1, 6-7, 30, 31, 35, 53 10, 11 LM: lab 10, 10A, 11, 1A 10-1, 10-, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 11.1, 11., 11.4 HE.4.B.6 Evaluate karyotypes for abnormalities: monosomy SE/TE: 51 1 LM: lab 1 11

12 1. trisomy SE/TE: 50, 51 1 LM: lab 1 1. Standard 5: Students shall investigate the molecular basis of genetics. HE.5.B.1 Model the components of a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide SE/TE: 9, HE.5.B. Describe the Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA, using the base-pairing rule (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine) SE/TE: HE.5.B.3 Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA SE/TE: 36 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: Chapter HE.5.B.4 Describe and model the processes of replication, transcription, and translation SE/TE: , 11.4,

13 HE.5.B.5 Compare and contrast the different types of mutation events, including point mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion, and inversion SE/TE: 4, 43, , 1 LM: lab 11A, 1 HE.5.B.6 Identify effects of changes brought about by mutations: 11.6, 1. beneficial SE/TE: 4, 43, 311, , 14 LM: lab 11A, , 14.4 harmful SE/TE: 4, 43, , 1 LM: lab11a, , 1. neutral SE/TE: 4, LM: lab 11A, Standard 6: Students shall examine the development of the theory of biological evolution. HE.6.B.1 Compare and contrast Lamarck s explanation of evolution with Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection SE/TE: 9-98,

14 14 LM: lab , 14.3 HE.6.B. Recognize that evolution involves a change in allele frequencies in a population across successive generations SE/TE: LM: lab HE.6.B.3 Analyze the effects of mutations and the resulting variations within a population in terms of natural selection SE/TE: 311, LM: lab HE.6.B.4 Illustrate mass extinction events using a time line SE/TE: 336, 337, HE.6.B.5 Evaluate evolution in terms of evidence as found in the following: fossil record SE/TE: 99, 300, 39, 330, , ,, 16 LM: lab A 14.,.1,.3,

15 DNA analysis SE/TE: 303, 304, , LM: lab 14A.4 artificial selection SE/TE: morphology SE/TE: 301, embryology SE/TE: 30, viral evolution TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: geographic distribution of related species SE/TE: 37, 38.1 antibiotic and pesticide resistance in various organisms SE/TE: 307,

16 HE.6.B.6 Compare the processes of relative dating and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils 14.3 SE/TE: 336, HE.6.B.7 Interpret a Cladogram SE/TE: Strand: Classification and the Diversity of Life.4 Standard 7: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that organisms are diverse. CDL.7.B.1 Differentiate among the different domains: Bacteria SE/TE: 9, 348 Archaea SE/TE:9, Eukarya SE/TE: 9, 348 CDL.7.B. Differentiate the characteristics of the six kingdoms:.4 Eubacteria SE/TE: 347,

17 .4 Archaea SE/TE: 347, Protista SE/TE: 347, Fungi SE/TE: 347, Plantae SE/TE: 347, Animalia SE/TE: 347, CDL.7.B.3 Identify the seven major taxonomic categories: kingdom SE/TE: 341, 34 17

18 .4 phylum SE/TE: 341, 34.4 class SE/TE: 341, 34.4 order SE/TE: 341, 34.4 family SE/TE: 341, 34.4 genus SE/TE: 341, 34.4 species SE/TE: 341, 34.4 CDL.7.B.4 Classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences applying taxonomic nomenclature using dichotomous keys SE/TE:

19 LM: lab.4 CDL.7.B.5 Investigate Arkansas' biodiversity using appropriate tools and technology SE/TE: TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: CDL.7.B.6 Compare and contrast the structures and characteristics of viruses (lytic and lysogenic cycles) with non-living and living things SE/TE: CDL.7.B.7 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses SE/TE: CDL.7.B.8 Compare and contrast life cycles of familiar organisms sexual reproduction SE/TE: 181, 194, 388, 407, 45, 43, 435, 495, 503, 9, 17, 18, 19, 3 LM: lab 19, , 19.5, asexual reproduction SE/TE: 181, 374, 38, , 446, 498, 499, 19

20 9, 17, 18, 0 LM: lab 0A metamorphosis SE/TE: 495, 533, 553 4, 5 LM: 4A 5.4 alternation of generations SE/TE: 44, 45, 48, 43, LM: lab , 19., 19.4, 19.5 CDL.7.B.9 Classify bacteria according to their characteristics and adaptations SE/TE: 9, 114, 348, , 16 LM: lab 16, 16A 16. CDL.7.B.10 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of bacteria SE/TE: 68-73, , 679, 780 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: LM: lab 13, 16, 16A 13., 16.3,

21 CDL.7.B.11 Describe the characteristics used to classify protists: plant-like SE/TE: 380, 381, LM: lab 17A 17.1, 17.4 animal-like SE/TE: 380, 381, , 17 LM: lab 17, 17A 17.1, 17. fungal-like SE/TE: 380, 381, LM: 17A 17.1, 17.3 CDL.7.B.1 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of protists SE/TE: 38, , 389, LM: lab 17A 17.1, 17., 17.3, 17.4 CDL.7.B.13 Compare and contrast fungi with other eukaryotic organisms SE/TE: 9, 347, 348, , LM: lab 18, 18A 1

22 CDL.7.B.14 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of fungi 18.1, 18., 18.3 SE/TE: 5, 406, 407, 408, LM: lab 18, 18A 18., 18.3 CDL.7.B. Differentiate between vascular and nonvascular plants SE/TE: 4, 43, 45, CDL.7.B.16 Differentiate among cycads, gymnosperms, and angiosperms SE/TE: 4, 43, , , 0 LM: lab 19, , 19.5, 0.1 CDL.7.B.17 Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: roots SE/TE: 367, 411, 40, 41, 448, 449, 45, 453, 464 0, 1 LM: lab 1 0., 0.3 stems SE/TE: 448, 450

23 0 LM: lab 1 0. leaves SE/TE: 160, 161, 40, 41, 449 8, 19, 0 LM: lab 19A, 1 0., 1. flowers SE/TE: 43, , 44, , 0 LM: lab 19, , 0.1 CDL.7.B.18 Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function epidermal SE/TE: 450, ground SE/TE: 450, 451, , 0.3 vascular SE/TE: 40, 450, 45, , 1 LM: lab 1 3

24 CDL.7.B.19 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of plants 1. SE/TE: , , , 1.1 CDL.7.B.0 Identify the symmetry of organisms: radial SE/TE: bilateral SE/TE: 50 asymmetrical SE/TE: CDL.7.B.1 Compare and contrast the major invertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems SE/TE: 517, 518, LM: lab 3A 3.9 4

25 CDL.7.B. Compare and contrast the major vertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive and integumentary systems SE/TE: 578, 579 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: LM: lab 6A Strand: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships Standard 8: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of ecological and behavioral relationships among organisms. EBR.8.B.1 Cite examples of abiotic and biotic factors of ecosystems SE/TE: , LM: lab EBR.8.B. Compare and contrast the characteristics of biomes SE/TE: EBR.8.B.3 Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem SE/TE: 17, , 8 8, 36 LM: lab , 36.3,

26 EBR.8.B.4 Analyze an ecosystem s energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids SE/TE: EBR.8.B.5 Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter SE/TE: LM: lab 35, 35A 35.1, 35., 35.3, 35.4 EBR.8.B.6 Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: commensalism SE/TE: parasitism SE/TE: mutualism SE/TE:

27 EBR.8.B.7 Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession SE/TE: EBR.8.B.8 Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism SE/TE: 5, 744, LM: lab 34A population SE/TE: 744, LM: lab 35, 35A community SE/TE: 744, LM: lab 34 ecosystem SE/TE: 5, 744, LM: lab 34, 36 7

28 biosphere SE/TE: 4, 744, Standard 9: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the ecological impact of global issues. EBR.9.B.1 Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere SE/TE: 774, 775, LM: lab 35A 35.3 EBR.9.B. Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact SE/TE: 368, , 36 LM: lab 36A 16.3, 36.5 EBR.9.B.3 Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy) SE/TE: 190, 191, 66-85, , , 13, 34, 36 LM: lab 13, 13A, 36 8

29 9.4, 13.1, 13., 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 34., 36.4, 36.5 Strand: Nature of Science Standard 10: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing. NS.10.B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works SE/TE: 4-19, 4-9 1, LM: lab 1 1.1, 1., 1.3,.1 NS.10.B. Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws SE/TE: LM: lab 1A.,.3 NS.10.B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term theory used in general conversation SE/TE: 39.3 NS.10.B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing SE/TE: 5, 3-37 LM: lab 1, 1A 9

30 .,.3 hypotheses must be testable SE/TE: LM: lab 1, 1A. understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data SE/TE: 7, 38 LM: lab 1.3 scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance SE/TE: LM: lab 1.3 Standard 11: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry. NS.11.B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation SE/TE: LM: all labs. 30

31 NS.11.B. Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations SE/TE: 4, 81 TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: LM: Safety in the Biology Lab (X in lab manual) also, all labs NS.11.B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome SE/TE: 37 NS.11.B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics SE/TE: 5, 35 LM: all labs.1,. NS.11.B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias SE/TE: 7, 35 LM: all labs.1,. NS.11.B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables SE/TE: 5, 35,

32 LM: all labs (also xxiii). Standard 1: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories. NS.1.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review SE/TE: 39.3 NS.1.B. Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review SE/TE: 39.3 NS.1.B.3 Summarize biological evolution SE/TE: NS.1.B.4 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology SE/TE: 190, 191, 60, 61, , 1, 13 LM: lab 13, 13A 3

33 9.4, 1.4, 13.1, 13., 13.3, 13.4, 13.5 NS.1.B.5 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases SE/TE: 676, LM: lab NS.1.B.6 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy) SE/TE: , 13 LM: lab 1, 1A, 13, 13A 1.1, 1., 1.3, 1.4, 13.1, 13., 13.3, 13.4, 13.5 NS.1.B.7 Research current events and topics in biology TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: Standard 13: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems. NS.13.B.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables SE/TE: 4-9, 34, 35, 43, LM: all labs.1,. 33

34 NS.13.B. Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware) SE/TE: 41, 110, 111, , 13 LM: all labs all online activities NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings SE/TE: 40, 41.3 Standard 14: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science. NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook: NS.14.B. Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters SE/TE: 37, 38 NS.14.B.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact SE/TE: 368, , 36 LM: 36A 34

35 16.3, 36.5 NS.14.B.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship SE/TE: 41 between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology.3 Standard : Students shall describe various life science careers and the training required for the selected career. NS..B.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook TECH: Online Activity salary TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook TECH: Online Activity availability of jobs TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook TECH: Online Activity working conditions TR: Guided Reading and Study Workbook TECH: Online Activity 35