On-Road Vehicle Emissions in Beijing, China: An Experimental Study Using PEMS

Transcription

1 TSU On-Road Vehicle Emissions in Beijing, China: An Experimental Study Using PEMS Speaker: Ziqianli Wang Department of Transportation Studies Texas Southern University Authors Fengxiang Qiao, Ph.D., Assistant Professor (Corresponding Author), TSU. Ziqianli Wang, Graduate Research Assistant, TSU. Lei Yu, Ph.D., P.E. Changjiang Scholar of Beijing Jiaotong University. Professor of TSU.

2 Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Process Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations Objectives Highlight situation of Beijing automobiles emission Evaluate vehicle emissions and fuel consumption for different time periods and roadways Evaluate vehicle emissions and fuel consumption for different vehicle ages and kilometerages

3 Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Progress Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations Background China the world s fastest growing economy Beijing is the capital and the second largest Chinese city in terms of population Beijing is connected via road links from all directions of China Emission standards Regulation GB-7-99 s Euro standards for light duty vehicles by 8, the year of Beijing Olympics Unique mixed traffic system Bike lanes on most of the roads Millions of bicycles and mass pedestrians on streets 3

4 Transportation situation in Beijing Bicycles travel with vehicles on the same street but in different lanes There are special lanes for bicycles Many bicycles and pedestrians on streets Some people break traffic rules which is dangerous and slows traffic Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Process Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations

5 MONTANA OEM- System Designed to measure vehicle mass exhaust emissions under actual on-road driving conditions Instrument Installation Tailpipe Sampling A B E C F D Uses vehicle & engine operating data and concentrations of pollutants in exhaust gas sampled from the tailpipe Operation Interface ECU Connection Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Process Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations

6 Test Plan Test scenario: Distance: 8 km, test time: 8: am Pedestrian traffic: heavy except freeway Bicycle lanes presents on local streets only This test includes local, freeway, minor arterial Each street use a bag to record data Data Collection Process Test Collection Different vehicle types Heavy Duty Gas Vehicle (HDGV), Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV), Light Duty Gas Vehicle (LDGV), Light Duty Diesel Vehicle (LDDV), Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Various ages and mileages Different test routes Freeways, Principal arterials, Minor arterials, and Local streets. Different dates and time periods

7 Test Plan and Data Collection Process (Cont d) Collected Data Vehicle emissions CO, NOx, HC, CO, PM Fuel consumption Vehicle activity data (Speed, Acceleration, RPM, etc.) Management Microsoft ACCESS database 8 MB tables Testing Vehicles Description Vehicle Type Number Percent of test vehicl es Test days Percent of test days LDV LDGV LDDV 3.%.% 9.%.3% HDV HDGV HDDV.9% 7.7%.7%.9% Others Compressed Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas.9%.%.7%.3% Total % 8 % 7

8 Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Process Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations Data Processing Procedures Control data quality Eliminate and interpret errors and missing data Summarize and clarify the database Sum up for statistical overviews Plot emissions & fuel consumption under different testing environments Spatial/temporal distributions of emissions and fuel consumption within test area Analyze results 8

9 Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Process Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations Data Analysis Emissions and fuel consumption time of day roadway types Spatial distribution of emissions and fuel consumption on the Five Ring Roads Vehicle age and mileage impacts on emissions and fuel consumption 9

10 Emissions and Fuel Consumption Time of Day CO CO (g/km) 8 8AM- 9AM 9AM- AM AM- AM AM- PM PM- PM PM- PM PM- 3PM Ti me Per i ods 3PM- PM PM- PM PM- PM PM- 7PM 7PM- 8PM 8PM- 9PM FR PA MA LS NOx NOx ( g/ km) 8 8AM- 9AM 9AM- AM AM- AM AM- PM PM- PM PM- PM PM- 3PM Ti me Per i ods 3PM- PM PM- PM PM- PM PM- 7PM 7PM- 8PM 8PM- 9PM FR PA MA LS Emissions and Fuel Consumption Time of Day (Cont d) HC. HC ( g/ km) AM- 9AM 9AM- AM AM- AM AM- PM PM- PM PM- PM PM- 3PM Ti me Per i ods 3PM- PM PM- PM PM- PM PM- 7PM 7PM- 8PM 8PM- 9PM FR PA MA LS FC FC ( km/l) 3 8AM-9AM 9AM- AM AM- AM AM- PM PM- PM PM-PMPM-3PM3PM-PMPM-PMPM-PMPM-7PM7PM-8PM8PM-9PM Ti me Per i ods FR PA MA LS

11 Emissions and Fuel Consumption Roadway Types CO HC CO (g/km) 7 3 FR PA MA LS Roadway HC ( g/ km) FR PA MA LS Roadway NOx FC NOx ( g/ km) FR PA MA LS Roadway FC ( km/l) 8 FR PA MA LS Roadway FR Freeway PA Principal Arterial MA Minor Arterial LS Local Streets FC Fuel Consumption Spatial Distribution of Emissions and Fuel Consumption on the Five Ring Roads PM Fuel Consumption HC Speed 3 Test Vehicles CO NO x

12 Vehicle Age Impacts on Emissions and Fuel Consumption CO HC CO (g/km) Year s 3 Year s Year s Vehi cl e Age 3.. <,. km, km- -, km., km- - 3, km >3,. km. HC ( g/ km). Year s 3 Year s Year s Vehi cl e Age <, km, km- -, km, km- - 3, km >3, km NOx FC NOx ( g/ km) 3 <, km, km- -, km, km- - 3, km >3, km FC ( km/l) <, km, km- -, km, km- - 3, km >3, km Year s 3 Year s Year s Vehi cl e Age Year s 3 Year s Year s Vehi cl e Age Vehicle Mileage Impacts on Emissions and Fuel Consumption CO HC 3. CO (g/km) HC ( g/ km).. Year s 3. Year s. Year s. Year s 3 Year s Year s <,, - -,, - - 3, >3, Kilomet erage ( kilomet er ). <,, - -,, - - 3, >3, Ki l omet er age ( kilomet er ) NOx FC NOx ( g/ km) 3 Year s 3 Year s Years FC ( km/l) Year s 3 Year s Years <,, - -,, - - 3, >3, Ki l omet er age ( kilomet er ) <,, - -,, - - 3, >3, Ki l omet er age ( ki l omet er )

13 Outline Objectives Background MONTANA OEM- System Test Plan and Data Collection Process Data Processing Procedures Data Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions Emissions and fuel consumption have one or two peaks for different times of day Morning rush hours observe less emission than the afternoon peaks Roadway types affect emissions and fuel consumption No consistent trends observed for the relationships between emissions & fuel consumption, and the vehicle age & mileage 3

14 Recommendations Current database analysis expansion Weather, temperature, driver behavior, traffic variations Establish statistical relationships between emissions and major affecting variables Vehicle operating parameters, climate factors, driving factors It is expected that suitable vehicle emission models and air quality control standards can be established for Beijing by enriching the database Reference. Energy Information Administration. China: Environmental Issues. US U.S. Department of Energy. Website: Date Accessed: July,.. Yu, L., W. Pei, F. Yang, G. Song, W. Wang, J. Liu, Q. Huang, and T. Wan. Improving Environment during a High Economic Growth: A Comprehensive Research Agenda in Mobile Emission Controls at Beijing Jiaotong University. Proceedings of The Second Expert Meeting on Social Capacity for Environmental Management (SCEM) Capacity Indicators and Development Process Modeling, Vol.. No... Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, January,, pp State Environmental Protection Administration of China. The National Tenth Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection. Approved by the State Council on December. Website: Accessed Date: July,.. Clean AIR Technologies International, Inc. OEM- Montana System Operational Manual, Draft Version.. Clean Air International, Inc. 3.. Qiao F., L. Yu, and M. Vojtisek-Lom. Collection and Evaluation of On-Road Vehicle Emission and Activity Data in Houston. Transportation Research Record.,. Max Woodworth, Environmental Cirsis, October. 7. Tong, H.Y., W.T. Hung, and C.S. Cheung. On-road motor vehicle emissions and fuel consumption in urban driving conditions. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association,.. pp Rouphail, N.M., C.H. Frey, J.D. Colyar, and A. Unal. Vehicle emissions and traffic measures: explanatory analysis of field observations at signalized arterials. Paper presented at the 8st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 7-, Washington D.C.. 9. Frey, H.C., N.M. Rouphail, A. Unal and J.D. Colyar. Measurement of on-road tailpipe CO, NO and hydrocarbon emissions using a portable instrument. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, June -8, Orlando, Florida... Brown, J.E, F.G. King, W.A. Mitchell, S.D. Squier, B. Harris, and J.S. Kinsey. Onroad facility to measure and characterize emissions from heavyduty diesel vehicles. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association,.. pp Unal, A., N.M. Rouphail, and H.C. Frey. Effects of arterial signalization and level of service on measured vehicle emissions. Paper presented at the 8nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January -, Washington D.C. 3.. Holmen, B.A. and D.A. Niemeier. Characterizing the effects of driver variability on real-world vehicle emissions. Transportation Research D, 3(), pp Nam, E.K., C.A. Gierczak and J.W. Butler. A comparison of real-world and modeled emissions under conditions of variable driver aggressiveness. Paper presented at the 8nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. January -, Washington D.C. 3.. Noland, R. B., W. Y. Ochieng, M. A. Ouddus, R. J. North, and J. W. Polak. The Vehicle Emissions and Performance Monitoring System: Initial Analysis of Tailpipe Emissions and Vehicle Performance. Presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. January, Washington D.C.. Vojtisek-Lom, M., and J.E. Allsop. Development of Heavy-Duty Diesel Portable, On-Board Mass Exhaust Emissions Monitoring System with NOx, CO and Qualitative PM Capabilities. SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition, Session: Real-World Emissions Measurement Technology for Internal Combustion Systems, San Antonio, TX, USA... Wikipedia. Beijing. Accessed date: July,. 7. Peoples Daily. Olympic: Beijing Confident to Improve Environment. Monday, July,. Website: Accessed Date: July,. 8. Bowman, J. S., S. L. Emerson, M. Darnovsky. (). The Practical SQL Handbook: Using SQL Variants, th Edition. ISBN 739. Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional. July.

15 Acknowledgements Researchers and graduate students at Beijing Jiaotong University National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Texas Southern University Seed Grant Dr. Lei Yu and Dr. Fengxiang Qiao - TSU Mr. Blain McKenzie - TSU 7 Winter TexITE Meeting Organizers My family Thanks for your time Any question is welcome. wangz@tsu.edu