A STAND-ALONE SYSTEM ENERGY HYBRID COMBINING WIND AND PHOTOVOLTAIC WITH VOLTAGE CONTROL «FEEDBACK LOOP VOLTAGE»

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International Renewable Energy Congress November 5-7, 2010 Sousse, Tunisia A STAND-ALONE SYSTEM ENERGY HYBRID COMBINING WIND AND PHOTOVOLTAIC WITH VOLTAGE CONTROL «FEEDBACK LOOP VOLTAGE» M.

1 International Renewable Energy Congress November 5-7, 2010 Sousse, Tunisia A STAND-ALONE SYSTEM ENERGY HYBRID COMBINING WIND AND PHOTOVOLTAIC WITH VOLTAGE CONTROL «FEEDBACK LOOP VOLTAGE» M. Seddik (1), S. Zouggar (1), T. Ouchbel (1), M. Oukili (1), A. Rabhi (2), A. AZIZ (1), M.L. Elhafyani (1), (1) Université Mohammed 1 e r, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie LGEM. 473, Oujda, Morocco. Seddik_md.master@yahoo.fr, Szouggar@gmail.com. (2) Université de Picardie Jules Verne, France abdelhamid.rabhi@u-picardie.fr ABSTRACT : This paper proposes a hybrid energy system which combines photovoltaic (PV) and wind power as an alternative source small-scale electric power,, where the conventional production is not practical. In order to make function the hybrid system under the best conditions climatic we used like stages adaptation the converter buck/boost, and the voltage control type feedback loop voltage (FLV). The proposed system is attractive because of its simplicity, ease of control and low costs. A complete description of the proposed hybrid system with the results of detailed simulations which determine feasibility are given to demonstrate the availability of the proposed system in this paper. The Simulation of the hybrid system under investigation was carried out using ORCAD Pspice (Capture, Pspice, Pspice probe, layout) software. Keyword: renewable energy, hybrid system, photovoltaic system, wind system, buck/boost DC-DC converter. 1. INTRODUCTION: Renewable energy from wind and solar photovoltaic are the most ecological type of energy to use. They are based on a clean and efficient modern technology, which offers a glimmer of hope for a future based on sustainable and pollution-free technology. The importance of using renewable energy system, including solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind has been attracted much these days, because the electricity demand is growing rapidly all over the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need for renewable energy resources, and formulated as a national strategy for the development of renewable energy applications. For this purpose, uninterrupted efforts to develop systems more attracting with low costs, a high efficiency and multifunction are required. Small-scale stand-alone power generation systems are an important alternative source of electrical energy, finding applications in the places where the conventional production is not practical. Consider, for example, remote villages in developing countries or ranches located far away from main power lines. The certainty of load demands at any time is considerably increased by the hybrid production systems, which use more than one source of energy. It is possible the high outputs production factors combine wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays with storage technology to master the movements of the production facility. An effective energy storage is necessary to obtain a constant power, the power delivered by wind and solar should be easily converted into energy stored. This transformation can be realized by a bank of battery or energy capacitor system (ECS). The battery bank or ECS meets the daily fluctuations of the load. In this paper, a hybrid energy system combining wind and PV array production system is presented to ensure continuous power to the stand-alone load. Two individual converters Buck / Boost DC-DC are used to control the flow of power to the load. A simple and cost control with the DC-DC converter is used to regulate the terminal voltage of the load by controlling the duty cycle signal controlling the switch of the converter used (chopper Buck / Boost). 2. PHOTOVOTAIC SYSTEM : The figure 1 represents the synoptic diagram of a photovoltaic system implanted in the Orcad-Pspice environment (all PV power, converters DC-DC, voltage control (FLV) and Rs load), whose operation is controlled by an analogical control voltage to a working frequency of 10 khz [2]. ID174/ IREC

Fig1 : Chain photovoltaic conversion with CS controlled by voltage control In this system, the photovoltaic panel is a group of several modules electrically connected in series-parallel combination

The curves of figures show the characteristics of PV module used in different intensities of solar illumination. The converter of energy is a chopper buck/boost type.

In our case we do not interest to the maximum power of photovoltaic panel, we exploited the power of the PV panel at points well determine.

2 Fig1 : Chain photovoltaic conversion with CS controlled by voltage control In this system, the photovoltaic panel is a group of several modules electrically connected in series-parallel combination to generate the required current and voltage. The electrical characteristics of PV module are generally represented by the current versus voltage (I-V) and power versus voltage (P-V).The curves of figures show the characteristics of PV module used in different intensities of solar illumination. The converter of energy is a chopper buck/boost type. The purpose of this adaptation is to maintain a constant voltage ( 2 * 220) to the load terminals and this when the system is placed in an environment where illumination is variable [2.4]. In our case we do not interest to the maximum power of photovoltaic panel, we exploited the power of the PV panel at points well determine. The voltage regulation system may be acting on the duty cycle (eq1) of the signal controlling the switch of the DC-DC converter (Boost / buck). This functionality is automatically assured by the so-called analogical automatic regulation. *Vpv 1 V S (-1-) Fig3 : I-V characteristics of PV module. In the Figure 4 we represent the input and output voltage of the converter for a change of illumination of 1000 W / m² until 600W / m² and a temperature of 25 C. By taking account of the ordering of voltage of the type «feedback loop voltage (FLV)». The various control parameters FLV (Figure 5) are calculated to regulate the output voltage of the PV generator to the value of 311V, the results show that: The output voltage fig 4(b) of the converter buck/boost remains at a constant value (311V) even if there is a reduction in input voltage fig 4(a). The analogical control is effective and performance; it enables a convergence of the system after a time less than 10ms. Vpv: The terminal voltage of PV (a) Input voltage Fig2 : P-V characteristics of PV module ID174/ IREC

(b) Output voltage Fig4 : The input and output voltage of the converter DC-DC for a variation of illumination (1000W/m²-600W/m²) Fig5 : Synoptic diagram of the control of the tension 3.

9Ω, Xm = 38.81 Ω Rectifier simple diodes of PD3 type to convert AC voltage into DC voltage. A LC filter constitutes of an indictor L in series with a capacitor C.

3 (b) Output voltage Fig4 : The input and output voltage of the converter DC-DC for a variation of illumination (1000W/m²-600W/m²) Fig5 : Synoptic diagram of the control of the tension 3. WIND SYSTEM : procedure described in symbolization [1,10,11]. The SGEIs has the following characteristics: 1.5kW, 50 Hz 220/380V, Is = 4.4A, p = 2, R s = 5.51Ω, Rr =2.24Ω, Xr = 6.9Ω, Xs = 6.9Ω, Xm = Ω Rectifier simple diodes of PD3 type to convert AC voltage into DC voltage. A LC filter constitutes of an indictor L in series with a capacitor C. A quadripole of adaptation which is a converter of energy of the reducing transformer Buck/Boost type for applications 311V. The voltage control that allows regulating the desired tension at the load terminals when there is a variation of the wind speed. Its regulation principle is based on the automatic adjustment of the duty cycle (eq1) at the proper value to obtain the desired voltage at the output. On the curves of figure 7 we represented, the typical results of simulation, in the Orcad-Pspice environment, of the input and output voltage of the converter (Buck/Boost). It appears that The output voltage of the converter (Buck/Boost) is maintained at a constant value (311V) even if there is a decrease and/or an increase the input voltage. The analogical control is effective and performance; it enables a convergence of the system after a time less than 290ms. The figure 6 represents the synoptic diagram of the controlled system by a voltage regulator that is based in our case on a wind generator that depends on wind speed and feeds a resistive load (Rs): Génératrice L RED AC/DC Hacheur DC/DC Charge Eolienne Batteries de condensateurs Commande Tension (a) Input voltage Fig6 : Synoptic diagram of a wind system whose functioning is controlled by a voltage regulation. The electric conversion chain (figure 5) implanted in the Orcad Pspice environment [4.8] is formed by: The machine SGEIs is already established in the environment-orcad Pspice [10] according to the ID174/ IREC

Fig8 : Synoptic diagram of the hybrid system. (b) output voltage Once all the elementary models validated (wind & PV), we carried out the coupling of the two chains [5.6.

The simulation of the conversion hybrid (wind & PV) in the Orcad-Pspice environment has been made for a variation of illumination from 1000W/m² up to 600W/m² and with a variable speed wind of

The whole of the results obtained watch that: the voltage at the load is maintained at a constant value (311V) and the two systems (photovoltaic and wind) energy pumping at the same time in any

4 Fig8 : Synoptic diagram of the hybrid system. (b) output voltage Once all the elementary models validated (wind & PV), we carried out the coupling of the two chains [5.6.7], as presented on the figure 8. The simulation of the conversion hybrid (wind & PV) in the Orcad-Pspice environment has been made for a variation of illumination from 1000W/m² up to 600W/m² and with a variable speed wind of 320rad/s up to 285rad/s. On the curves of the figures (9.10) we represented, the typical results of simulation, in the Orcad-Pspice environment. The whole of the results obtained watch that: the voltage at the load is maintained at a constant value (311V) and the two systems (photovoltaic and wind) energy pumping at the same time in any weather conditions (irradiance, wind speed). Fig7 : The input and output voltage of the converter DC-DC for a variation of wind speed (320rad/s-285W/s) 4. PROPOSED HYBRID SYSTEM : The figure 8 represents the topology of the hybrid energy system consisting of a wind system which is based in our case on an asynchronous machine of power 1.5kw and the PV array 2.5kw. The two energy sources are connected in parallel to a common DC bus line through their various DC-DC converters. The load can be connected to the DC bus line. Each source has its individual control. The diodes D1 and D2 (MUR8100) permit only unidirectional current source to DC bus line, thus preventing each source from acting like a load on each other. Therefore, in the event of malfunction of any of the energy sources, the respective diode will automatically disconnect that source from the system. The output of the hybrid production system goes to the DC bus line, to feed stand-alone DC load (resistive), as shows the system configuration shown in figure.8. The bus line is put at a fixed voltage of ( 2 * 220) and output DC voltage from each source is controlled independently so that both production systems receive a fixed voltage ( 2 * 220). (a) Voltage with the load (b) The voltage of the load with a variation of the load ID174/ IREC

The adaptation of PV and wind generators to the load is obtained by interpolating between the PV generator (wind) and load DC-DC converter (Buck / Boost) [9].

5 Fig9 : (c) Power with the load Voltage and power to the load Fig10 : Power at PV and wind level 5. CONCLUSION : In this article we simulated in the Orcad-Pspice environment the operation of the PV system, of the wind system and the hybrid system. The adaptation of PV and wind generators to the load is obtained by interpolating between the PV generator (wind) and load DC-DC converter (Buck / Boost) [9]. The converters used are controlled by analogical control voltage (FVL). This control function is to instantly set the output voltage of the Buck / Boost converter despite variations in illumination and/or wind speed.. We have shown that the control performs its role properly at simulation level.. The overall results of detailed simulations that determine the feasibility are given to demonstrate the availability of the hybrid system proposed in this paper. the Electric Diagram of the Marketed Solar Panels in the Orcad-Pspice Environment, Moroccan Journal of Condensed Mater, Vol.7, N 1, pp , Janvier [2] K. Kassmi, M. Hamdaoui et F. Olivié, Caractérisation des Panneaux Photovoltaïques. Conception et Optimisation d un Système Photovoltaïque pour une Meilleure Exploitation de l Energie Solaire, Revue des Energies Renouvelables, CER 07, Oujda, pp , [3] J. RICHARD, V.BOITIER, X.ROBOAM, C.ALONSO. Générateur électrique modulaire photovoltaïque et éolien. Rapport LAAS/CNRS N (02581). [4] M.L. ELHAFYANI, S. ZOUGGAR, A. AZIZ, M. BENKADDOUR. Conception et modélisation d un système éolien contrôlé par un régulateur de tension.colloque international sur les énergies renouvelables CER 2007 Maroc-Oujda. [5] Karki RajeshRajesh, Billinton Roy. Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilization in small isolated power systems. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 2001; 16(4): [6] Billinton Roy, Karki Rajesh. Capacity expansion of small isolated power systems using PV and wind energy. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2001; 6(4): [7] F. GIRAUD and Z.M. SALAMEH, "Steady-state Performance of a Grid Connected Rooftop Hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic Power System with Battery Storage", IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., Vol. 16, No. 1, March 2001, pp [8] A. Mirecki, X. Roboam, F. Richardeau, Evaluation d'une chaîne de conversion d'énergie éolienne de faible puissance dédiée au stockage, EPF 04 (Electronique de Puissance du Futur) Toulouse, Septembre [9] A. Aziz, K. Kassmi, F. Olivié, G. Sarrabayrouse, A. Martinez Conception d un système photovoltaïque adapté par des convertisseurs d énergie DC-DC de type dévolteur ou survolteur fonctionnant à haute fréquence (0.1 MHZ) Rapport LAAS N 05346, 29p. Toulouse France, Juillet 2005 [10] M.L.Elhafyani, S.Zouggar, M.Benkaddour " Symbolisation de la Machine Asynchrone dans l environnement Orcad/Pspice" JER06, 08 Mars 2006, EST- Oujda- Maroc. [11] A.Aziz, K.Kassmi, R.Maimouni, F. Olivié, G. Sarrabayrouse, A. Martinez. «Intégration des nouveaux composants dans les librairies du simulateur OrCAD. 2. Symbolisation des schémas électriques. Application aux systèmes photovoltaïques Rapport LAAS/CNRS (05271) 6. Bibliographie : [1] A. Aziz, K. Kassmi, R. Maimouni, F. Olivié, G. Sarrabayrouse and A. Martinez, Symbolization of ID174/ IREC

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Dynamic Modelling of Hybrid System for Efficient Power Transfer under Different Condition

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Dynamic Modelling of Hybrid System for Efficient Power Transfer under Different Condition Kiran Kumar Nagda, Prof. R. R. Joshi (Electrical Engineering department, Collage of