Calculation of electric power in Matlab Graphic User Interface Roman RADVAN 1, Peter CUBON 1, Jan STANCEK 2, Pavol SPANIK 1

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1 Calculatio of electric ower i Matlab Grahic User Iterface Roma RADVAN 1, Peter CUBON 1, Ja STANCEK 2, Pavol SPANIK 1 1 Deartmet of Mechatroics ad Electroics, Faculty of Electrical Egieerig, Uiversity of Zilia 2 Deartmet of Automatio ad Productio Systems, Faculty of Mechaical Egieerig Abstract. The article aalyzes the effect of drive ower that is required for electric vehicle oeratio i various drivig modes. The followig sectio describes differet cocets of satial arragemet of comoets of the vehicle. After describig the forces actig o the vehicle was desiged Grahic User Iterface - GUI widows i Matlab. Mechaical arameters of vehicle serve as iut data for calculatio. This is the basics for calculatios of drivig ower ad arameters of secodary eergy source. Traces of erformace ca be calculated for umerous tyes of stadard drivig cycles (EDC, NEDC, JP-08, US-06 ). Eergy storages used i the EV alicatios are rated o the basis of three arameters. Namely are secific eergy, eergy desity ad secific ower. These are the key arameters i selectig aroriate eergy source. To desig HES cosists from tery ad ultracaacitor GUI was also created. Fially ca be exorted executable files brig carry out calculatios without rogrammig ad usig Matlab. 1 Theory Pricile of Matlab GUI Matlab GUI (Grahical User Iterface) resets a eviromet to create a grahical iterface betwee the users ad the source code of the rogram. Flexible grahical user iterface makes it easy to eter iut data for calculatio required of arameters. Mai advatage is exort of executable files. This allows you to execute file with calculatio without istallig Matlab. Fig. 1: Pricile of use of Matlab GUI Fig. 2: Descritio of forces actig o straightforward movig vehicle

2 Descritio of Forces For calculatio it is ecessary to take ito accout the mechaical arameters ad estimate the weight of the vehicle. Accordig to the 2d - Newto's law aceratio of the vehicle is give by the equatio: dv Ft Ftr dt M v (1) where dv / dt is the istataeous aceratio of the vehicle, ΣFt - total tractive force of the vehicle, ΣFtr - the total resistace, Mv - gross vehicle weight ad δ weightig factor, which icludes the iertia of the vehicle itself, but also its rotatig arts. The equatio shows that the rate of aceratio of the car is directly roortioal deedet o the tractio force, ad deedece of the weight of the vehicle is iversely roortioal. Estimated weight of the vehicle Estimated weight is determied by the amout of weight of the comoets ad weight of the driver, cosiderig the uer limit. Tab.1: Estimatio of weight of the comoets of the vehicle Weight of comoet art Weight [kg] Pieces [-] weight [kg] Costructio Frot wheel Rear wheel Electric motor Coverter Tractio tery Driver Total weight 198 Estimatio of mechaical ad drivig arameters of the vehicle is doe o the basis of similarity with existig vehicles. Other imortat arameters are obtaied from the tables ad catalogs. Tab.2: Parameters for calculatio Total weight of vehicle Frotal area Rollig resistace coefficiet Drag coefficiet Air desity Climbig α Wheel diameter Efficiecy drive trasfer Mv Af fr Cd ρ 100*tg α rd eta [kg] [m2] [-] [-] [kg.m-3] [%] [m] [-] 200 0,5 0,007 0,6 1,25 2 0,15 0,95 For calculatio arameters like as ower, torque, RPM, erformace ad drivig rage GUI i Matlab was desiged. User ca eter data ito iut field i the GUI (such as arameters of teries, secodary eergy source, road rofile, drivig cycle, efficiecy, etc.) The basic mathematical descritio:

3 - Aroximate estimatio of drivig time o the accumulated eergy i the rimary eergy source: t. V. C P ev [mi] (2) - drive rage: s EV ( v. t.3600) / [ km] (3) - seed cruisig v v _ i 3.10 [ m. s ] (4) - Aerodyamic force: - Rollig resistace force: F F k. 2. v 2. A [ N] (5) k / 100. m. g [ N] val val (6) -Climbig force: F ( 1 P /100).si( ). m.10 [ N] r (7) - Total actig force o the vehicle: F F F Fval [N] (7) - Required ower for overcome dyamic force: P ( F. v ) / [ kw] (8) - Required ower for overcome climbig force: P ( F. v )/ [ kw] (9) - Required ower for overcome rollig resistace: P ( F. v )/1.10 val val 3 [ kw] (10) - Sum of overall ower: - Eergy desity of tery: P P E ( F. v m )/1.10. C 1 3 [ Wh. kg [ kw] (11) ] (12) -Max. Weight of the tractio accumulators tery: m. m [ kg] (13) - Total weight of the vehicle: m m m m m v kg (14)

4 Seed rage of electric motor Calculatio of the rage was determied o the basis of maximal seed value which is equal to wheel circumferetial seed of the drivig wheel. I calculatig we exect wheel diameter of 30 cetimeters (to achieve maximal seed trasfer. I this case seed for selected wheel diameter is = 2.42 [-]. v o v max Parameters of the ultracaacitors tery 60. ot.mi 2. v r 1 (15) o max 1. max rad. s (16) 60/3,6 1 ot. mi ,15 (17) - Eergy accumulated i ultracaacitor tery: - Caacity required for accumulatio of eergy: - Number of serially coected ls: - Total caacity of strig: - Total aralleled strigs: 2 Suly lik of the electric vehicle C E P. t[ J ](18) ( U 2. E U 2 max 2 mi ) F (19) serial U U max l (20) F C total C (( 0,2 0,40). C) (21) arallel Electric loads i EV O board charger DC/DC coverter for DC BUS Drivetrai DC/AC choer for AC tractio motor DC/DC coverter for auxiliary accumulator Fu/heatig Tractio tery Brake system Lightig car Steerig wheel Other electric loads C C total oe_ l Block diagram of electric auxiliary circuits is i Figure. 3. Nomial voltage of the tractio tery ack ca be i rage of voltage levels from 100V to 400V. Through a DC / DC coverter is a tractio tery ack is coected to distributio bus. The distributio bus is used for owerig DC / DC coverters which its outut voltage is at aroud 12V. These coverters rovide ower for the auxiliary loads of the EV. The advatage of this (22)

5 cofiguratio is use of the distributio bus with a omial higher voltage levels which reresets a higher efficiecy ad lower ecoomic demads this system (material savigs, lower ower loss) comared with 12V ower distributio etwork to the auxiliary loads. Higher voltage level for DC VDC_BUS3 for DC bus is ot suitable due to safe voltage. Fig. 3: Block diagram of the auxiliary circuit board etwork i the EV Eergy cosumtio of auxiliary devices is oe of the factors ifluecig to rage of the vehicle. This icludes for examle: mai lights, exterior lightig, iterior lightig, ower steerig, fas, heatig system ad other devices coect to distributio lik (Table 3). Average value of total eergy cosumtio of auxiliary equimet of a covetioal vehicle is aroximately 105 A, ad ower is aroud 1260W. The mai art of the ower cosumtio has exterior lights (aroud 370W - lams with bulbs, 120W LED lightig), ower steerig (300 W) ad the mai lights (aroud 180 W) [7]. Sizig of the DC/DC coverters sulies these devices is doe regardig to the erformace arameter of a covetioal vehicle. This DC/DC coverter has outut curret betwee 20 to 30A. Overall Block diagram of electric suly lik i the EV shows Fig.4. This system icludes several voltage levels. Namely is Voltage of tractio tery acks V DC_BUS_1, voltage V DC_BUS_2, ad voltage auxiliary DC bus V DC_BUS_3. Fig. 4: Block diagram of the board suly etwork i the EV

6 Tab.3: Review of eergy cosumtio i vehicle auxiliary devices I_max [A] I_avg [A] mai lights 27,4 15 other lights 64,1 31 ower steerig 49,2 27,1 fas 25,6 11,8 other devices 42, ,4 104,9 3 GUI iterface for sizig dedicated arts of the electric vehicle Usig Matlab GUI ca be imlemeted calculatio ower demads of vehicle with resect before metioed facts. Iut arameters for the calculatio are the weight, frotal area, coefficiet of rollig resistace, dyamic coefficiet, air desity, the average wheel seed, headwids, ad efficiecy of ower trasmissio, seed ad aceratio atter. The results are of the idividual forces actig o the vehicle, deedig o each arameter. For every force is calculated corresodig ower rage that are eeded to overcome her. Each curve i the grah rereset the erformace for a costat value of the seed, the required ower for aceratio, overall ecessary electrical ower ad total erformace cosistig of the sum of the artial erformace of the drive uit of the vehicle. The ext sectio shows the deedece of aceratio characteristics, deedece o wheel rotatio, seed of the vehicle, torque deedece as a fuctio of seed ad torque as a fuctio of overall seed. O the basis of these values are calculated arameters required to electric machie to drive the vehicle. Fig. 5: GUI for calculatio of seed characteristics ad motor erformace

7 Calculatio tractio ower for drivig cycle To determie the eergy cosumtio of the vehicle is defied several stadard drivig cycles. These are based o the arameters reresetig the curret traffic situatio i differet regios of the world. However, estimatig of cosumtio o the base drivig cycles is t equal to real traffic cosumtio. It is caused by other iflueces, which are t rereseted i arameters of the drivig cycles. Waveform o the Fig.7 shows the selected drivig cycle ad its mea velocity. For this calculatio is ossible choose total of six differet drivig cycles. As follows is ossible to estimate the eergy cosumtio of our vehicles for differet traffic coditios. Next curve show deedece aceratio of the drivig time. Followig rocedure shows the curve of ower for drivig at a costat seed ad aceratio erformace as a fuctio of time. Fig. 6: GUI re výkoové dimezovaie ohou vozidla Calculatio of secodary eergy source After readig data from calculated erformace Fig.6 showed values are the used to calculate the arameters of the secodary ower eergy source. 4 Coclusio The mai beefit of aer is creatig comlete source code with a grahical user iterface. This is a very usefull comutig eviromet for the desig of idividual arts of the ower eergy uit. After creatig the GUI source code ca geerate the corresodig executable file. This EXE file is created for each metioed grahical iterface. These allow user to use erform calculatio without havig to istall of Matlab. The result is creatio of desig rocedure for sizig drive trai, usig exe files without the ecessity of rogrammig. This is ultimately aroach to elimiatio time to desig.

8 Ackowledgemets We would like to thaks to: VEGA 1/0184/13, ABB ad Volkswage Foudatio for their suort. Refereces [1] A review of eergy sources ad eergy maagemet system i electric vehicles, Reewable ad Sustaiable Eergy Reviews,Siag Fui Tie, Chee Wei Ta, Volume 20, Aril 2013, Pages , ISSN , htt:// [2] Electric ad Hybrid Vehicles - Desig Fudametals, Secod Editio, CRC Press, Taylor & Fracis Grou, 6000 Broke Soud Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Rato, FL , ISBN [3] Power electroics itesive solutios for advaced electric, hybrid electric, ad fuel l vehicular ower systems. Emadi A, Williamso SS, Khaligh A. Power Electroics, IEEE Trasactios o, vol.21, o.3,.567,577, May 2006 doi: /TPEL ,URL: htt://ieeexlore.ieee.org/stam/stam.js?t=&arumber= &isumber=34172 [4] EPA, Uited States Evirometal Protectio Agecy, htt:// [5] IMPLEMENTATION OF A MODULAR POWER AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR BATTERY - ULTRACAPACITOR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLES, Leo C. Rosario, Patrick C.K.Luk Aget) Fioretio Valerio Cote, Arseal Research (Austria) Stefa Smets, VITO (Belgium) Fraçois Badi, INRETS, Arie Brouwer, SeterNovem (Netherlads) Mats Alaküla, Lud Uiversity (Swede) Da Satii, Argoe & Mark Alexader, EPRI (USA) [6] HYBRID & ELECTRIC VEHICLE, IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTIEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, Status Overview of Hybrid ad Electric Vehicle techology, Authors: Gerbe Passier, TNO Sciece & Idustry [7] Desig of a Auxiliary Power Distributio Network for a Electric Vehicle, William Che, Simo Roud ad Richard Duke, Deartmet of Electrical & Comuter Egieerig, Uiversity of Caterbury, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND, Proceedigs of the First IEEE Iteratioal Worksho o Electroic Desig, Test ad Alicatios Roma RADVAN was bor i Zilia (Slovakia) i He graduates at the Uiversity of Žilia (2010). The field of his work is ower electroics. Curretly, he is a PhD studet at the Deartmet of Mechatroics ad Electroics, Faculty of electrical egieerig Uiversity of Zilia. roma.radva@fel.uiza.sk Peter CUBON (IEEE studet member) was bor i Zilia (Slovakia) i He graduates at the Uiversity of Žilia (2011). The field of his work is ower electroics. Curretly, he is a PhD studet at the Deartmet of Mechatroics ad Electroics, Faculty of electrical egieerig Uiversity of Zilia. eter.cubo@fel.uiza.sk Ja STANCEK was bor i Zilia (Slovakia) i He graduates at the Uiversity of Zilia (2013). The field of his work is ower electroics. Curretly, he is a PhD studet at the Deartmet of Automatio ad Productio Systems, Faculty of Mechaical Egieerig Uiversity of Zilia. ja.stacek@fstroj.uiza.sk Pavol SPANIK (IEEE member) received the M.S. degree i electrical egieerig ad the Ph.D. degree i ower electroics ad tractio drives from the Uiversity of Zilia, Slovakia, i 1978 ad 1989, resectively. Presetly, he is head of the Deartmet of Mechatroics ad Electroics Uiversity of Zilia. His research iterests iclude desig ad cotrol of high frequecy soft switchig coverters. avol.saik@fel.uiza.sk